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  • 11
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    Stratospheric measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm by N2 and CO2 over long path lengths in the lower stratosphere are presented. The continua were measured in a stratospheric solar spectrum obtained during sunset with a balloon-borne Michelson interferometer in the 2380-2500 per cm region, and transmittances were calculated by ratioing the amplitudes to those of a high-sun spectrum in order to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the measured flux. Comparison of the measured transmittances with those calculated for a multilayered atmospheric model using laboratory absorption measurements results in a fair agreement, and reveals the primary component of the absorption throughout most of the range to be N2, with the CO2 contribution equal to that of N2 only at the CO2 band head. In this region, the shape of the continuum is very sensitive to the sub-Lorentzian line shape assumed in the calculations, and so, if the shape of the N2 continuum at low temperatures can be determined through laboratory measurements, may be used to infer air-broadened far-wing CO2 line shape.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Dec. 15
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Analysis and application of Fourier transform spectroscopy in atmospheric remote sensing (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy is summarized with applications to various types of distortion in atmospheric absorption spectra. This analysis method includes the fast Fourier transform method for simulating the interferometric spectrum and the nonlinear least-squares method for retrieving the information from a measured spectrum. It is shown that spectral distortions can be simulated quite well and that the correct information can be retrieved from a distorted spectrum by this analysis technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 2604-261
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  • 13
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    Analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A fast Fourier transform technique is given for the simulation of those distortion effects in the instrument line shape of the interferometric spectrum that are due to errors in the measured interferogram. The technique is applied to analyses of atmospheric absorption spectra and laboratory spectra. It is shown that the nonlinear least squares method can retrieve the correct information from the distorted spectrum. Analyses of HF absorption spectra obtained in a laboratory and solar CO absorption spectra gathered by a balloon-borne interferometer indicate that the retrieved amount of absorbing gas is less than the correct value in most cases, if the interferogram distortion effects are not included in the analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 22; Mar. 15
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Stratospheric HBr mixing ratio obtained from far infrared emission spectra (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Emission features of HBr isotopes have been identified in high-resolution FIR emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne Fourier-transform spectrometer in the spring of 1979 at 32 deg N latitude. When six single-scan spectra at a zenith angle of 93.2 deg were averaged, two features of HBr isotopes at 50.054 and 50.069/cm were obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5. The volume mixing ratio retrieved from the average spectrum is 2.0 x 10 to the -11th, which is assumed to be constant above 28 km, with an uncertainty of 35 percent. This stratospheric amount of HBr is about the same as the current level of tropospheric organic bromine compounds, 25 pptv. Thus HBr could be the major stratospheric bromine species.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 787-790
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  • 15
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    Stratospheric HF mixing ratio profiles in the northern and southern hemispheres (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spectra obtained by balloon-borne Michelson interferometers over South Australia in 1977 and New Mexico in 1978 have been analyzed to obtain HF mixing ratios using a recently developed, sensitive analysis method for Fourier transform spectroscopy. The stratospheric HF mixing ratio appears to be significantly larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere for similar respective latitudes with the profiles having a similar vertical shape: the HF mixing ratio increases from 20 to 25 km, stays approximately constant between 25 and 35 km, and increases upward from 35 km. A brief discussion is given of possible causes for HF profile shape.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11645-11
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  • 16
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    Retrieval of upper atmosphere pressure-temperature profiles from high resolution solar occultation spectra (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pressure-temperature profiles over the 18 to 75 km altitude range were retrieved from 0.01 cm(-1) resolution infrared solar absorption spectra recorded with the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer operating in the solar occultation mode during the Spacelab 3 shuttle mission (April 30 to May 1, 1985). The analysis method is described and preliminary results deduced for five occultation events are compared to correlative pressure-temperature measurments.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-89160 , NAS 1.15:89160
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  • 17
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    An overview of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and preliminary results (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) experiment has observed vertical profiles and pressure versus latitude cross sections of temperature HCl, HF, CH4, H2O, NO, NO2, O3, and aerosols over the range from 80 deg S to 80 deg N. An in-orbit precision of better than 0.3 ppbv has been demonstrated for HCl, HF, NO, NO2 and less than 0.6 ppmv for the other channels. Comparisons with correlative measurements at this early stage are encouraging. Nitric oxide has been observed over the range from the upper troposphere to 130-km. Latitudinal cross sections of the long-lived tracers CH4 and HF show clear indications of the effect of the general circulation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 9; p. (9)13-(9)20
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  • 18
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    An Engineering Approach to Nonlinear Estimation (1965)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Linear analog operation followed by nonlinear digital signal processing for nonlinear parameter approximation
    Keywords: MATHEMATICS
    Type: NASA-CR-75892
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
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    Atlas of Absorption Lines from 0 to 17900 Cm (sup)-1 (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Plots of logarithm (base 10) of absorption line strength versus wavenumber from 0 to 17900/cm(sup)-1 are shown for the 28 atmospheric gases (H2O, CO2, O3, N2O, CO, CH4, O2, NO, SO2, NO2, NH3, HNO3, OH, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, ClO, OCS, H2CO, HOCl, N2, HCN, CH3Cl, H2O2, C2H2, C2H6, PH3), which appear in the 1986 Air Force Geophysics Laboratory high-resolution transmission molecular absorption data base (HITRAN) compilation, and for O(P-3), O-18 isotopic ozone, and HO2 from the 1984 JPL compilation in the 0- to 200/cm(sup)-1 region, and infrared solar CO lines at 4500 K. Also shown are plots of logarithm (base 10) of approximate infrared absorption cross sections of 11 heavy molecules versus wavenumber. The cross-section data cover 700 to 1800/cm(sup)-1 and are included as a separate data file in the 1986 HITRAN database.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-RP-1188 , L-16330 , NAS 1.61:1188
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  • 20
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    Solar occultation sounding of pressure and temperature using narrowband radiometers (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technique for simultaneously retrieving pressure and temperature profiles using satellite-based narrowband radiometer measurements of absorption in the CO2 4.3-micron band is described. Pressure and temperature profiles for earth's upper atmosphere on a global scale can be obtained with errors less than 3% and 3 K, respectively. The p-T information can be used not only for improving the accuracy of inverted gas concentrations in the same absorption experiment but also for investigating the upper atmosphere circulation.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; July 1
    Format: text
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