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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses of male epiphyasPostvittana (walker) to sex pheromone-baited delta trap in a wind tunnel (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1449-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; traps ; wind tunnel ; behavior ; Epiphyas postvittana ; Planotortrix octo ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of parameters associated with a Delta sticky trap on the sex pheromone-mediated responses of maleEpiphyas postvittana (Walker) were tested in a wind tunnel. Males flying to a pheromone source landed closer to the source when other males were stuck on the base, suggesting the importance of visual cues in the landing behavior of males of this species. With an increase in time (numerical order of the male in the experiment), males became stuck on the base farther from the source whether or not other males were stuck on the base. The alignment of the trap to the wind or the location of the pheromone source within the trap did not significantly affect the percentages of males that entered the trap, but both significantly affected the position at which males entered the trap. When these data were corrected for the probability of catching males, a treatment with the source to the side of the trap was predicted to catch more moths than the other treatments tested, although this difference was not significant. However, in a field-trapping experiment the treatment with the source to the side caught significantly more moths than treatments with the source either in the middle or near the top of the trap. This latter result is probably due to the greater efficiency of the trap when the source is in this position, as indicated in the wind-tunnel experiment, rather than an increase in the numberof males entering the trap. Finally, the pheromone-mediated responses of malePlanotortrix octo were tested to the various trap alignments. As the angle of the trap to the wind increased, significantly fewerP. octo males entered the trap, due principally to both fewer males orienting to the source and proceeding to enter the trap after having landed on it. This difference between the responses ofP. octo andE. postvittana males is, we believe, due to the breakdown in plume structure from the source as the trap angle to the wind increases and to a greater sensitivity ofP. octo males to a more structured pheromone plume. This accounts, at least to some extent, for the consistently greater field catches ofE. postvittana overP. octo (and possibly other New Zealand leafroller moths) in many locations throughout New Zealand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983776
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation of two components in sex pheromone gland ofPlanotortrix excessana sibling species (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromones ; Planotortrix excessana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; leafroller ; intraspecific variation ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two components, (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates, in the sex pheromone gland of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species, were found to vary continuously from a ratio of 3∶97 to 71∶29 in individual female moths reared from wild larvae collected around New Zealand. Two laboratory colonies were established from populations representing extremes of these ratios. Although both the ratios and the total quantities of the components in individual female moths from both colonies were significantly different from each other, there was a small number of females that overlapped in both ratio and quantity. The variation was confirmed as intraspecific in a field cage experiment with male moths from both populations mating with tethered female moths from both populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014692
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species and reinvestigation of related species (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2461-2474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Planotortrix excessana ; Ctenopseustis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromones ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; tetradecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species was investigated. Females were found to produce eight potential pheromone components: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate (14∶OAc). (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (Z5-14∶OAc), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14∶OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate. When these compounds were bioassayed using field-trapping and wind-tunnel techniques, only 14∶OAc,Z5-14∶OAc, andZ7-14∶OAc were found to be behaviorally active. The sex pheromone glands of females of other species including,Planotortrix “MBS,”Planotortrix “M,”P. notophaea, Ctenopseustis servana, and aC. obliquana sibling species, were also found to containZ5-14∶OAc orZ7-14∶OAc, singly or in combination. In the case ofPlanotortrix “M,” the addition ofZ7-14∶OAc to the previously identified sex pheromone blend ofZ5-14∶OAc and 14∶OAc was found to increase trap captures of male moths of this species. Thus in these New Zealand species (and in some Australian species),Z5-14∶OAc andZ7-14∶OAc appear to be utilized in combination in pheromonal communication just as (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate are used by many species of Holarctic Tortricidae in the tribe Archipini.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017469
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of mating, age at mating, and plant stimuli, on the lifetime fecundity and fertility of the generalist herbivore Epiphyas postvittana (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; oviposition ; host deprivation ; lightbrown apple moth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of mating, age at mating, the presence or absence of a plant leaf, and the deprivation of a suitable ovipositional substrate during when the first ovipositional bout after mating would normally take place, on the lifetime fecundity and fertility (percentage of fertile eggs laid) of female Epiphyas postvittana were investigated. Mating had a significant effect on lifetime fecundity, with mated females laying 2.5 times more eggs than virgin females. Age at mating had a significant effect on both fecundity and fertility, both declining with increasing age when the female was mated. In the presence of a leaf of C. japonica, mated females had a greater lifetime fecundity than when no leaf was present; females in the presence of a C. japonica leaf consistently laid more eggs each day during the first 4–6 days after mating than females without a leaf. When females were deprived of a suitable ovipositional substrate, for the first 22 h after mating, they were significantly less fecund over their lifetime than were control females. Finally, in no-choice tests with three plants of different acceptability to females, the fecundity of females differed in the order C. japonica 〉 Urtica ferox 〉 Tibouchina multiflora. This different fecundity appeared to be inversely related to the pubescence of the leaves, suggesting that leaf texture may be a suitable antixenotic resistance factor for crops to be protected from this insect. These results suggest that strategies whereby mating is delayed or oviposition reduced within a critical period after mating, may result in significant reductions in pest populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003674529752
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult female and neonate larval plant preferences of the generalist herbivore, Epiphyas postvittana (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; host selection ; correlation ; lightbrown apple moth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The polyphagous leafroller moth, Epiphyas postvittana, is a pest of many fruit crops in New Zealand. Since the larva is highly mobile, host selection in this insect may involve both the adult female and the larva. In order to test the relative importance of the adult female and the neonate larva in the selection of host plants, the ovipositional preferences of females, and the preferences or acceptances of neonate larvae towards 26 plant species, consisting of 15 plants considered hosts and 11 not considered hosts, were investigated. In the ovipositional tests, the mean preferences of females for hosts and non-hosts were very similar. In contrast, larvae showed a significantly greater mean preference or acceptance towards hosts than to non-hosts, in both choice and no-choice bioassays, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between the preferences and acceptances of larvae for plants in the choice and no-choice tests. In the no-choice tests, there was a highly significant correlation between the acceptances of neonate larvae towards plants after one and three days (i.e., acceptances changed little over time). Moreover, in these no-choice tests, there was a significant negative correlation between larval acceptance at 1 day and larval mortality after 3 days; that is, the less acceptable a given plant at 1 day, the more likely larvae would fail to establish, feed, and survive on it by three days. Female and larval preferences towards the various plants were also negatively correlated. Together, these data suggest that the selection of a plant for the neonate larva to feed on is largely governed by the preferences of the larva, rather than by the preferences of the female. However, selection of a plant for oviposition by the female, may be important in host selection for reasons unrelated to larval preferences, for example, by encouraging dispersal, perhaps to other plant species, of the neonate larvae and thereby decreasing intersibling competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003760529540
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