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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: CLP1 was the first mammalian RNA kinase to be identified. However, determining its in vivo function has been elusive. Here we generated kinase-dead Clp1 (Clp1(K/K)) mice that show a progressive loss of spinal motor neurons associated with axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerves and denervation of neuromuscular junctions, resulting in impaired motor function, muscle weakness, paralysis and fatal respiratory failure. Transgenic rescue experiments show that CLP1 functions in motor neurons. Mechanistically, loss of CLP1 activity results in accumulation of a novel set of small RNA fragments, derived from aberrant processing of tyrosine pre-transfer RNA. These tRNA fragments sensitize cells to oxidative-stress-induced p53 (also known as TRP53) activation and p53-dependent cell death. Genetic inactivation of p53 rescues Clp1(K/K) mice from the motor neuron loss, muscle denervation and respiratory failure. Our experiments uncover a mechanistic link between tRNA processing, formation of a new RNA species and progressive loss of lower motor neurons regulated by p53.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Weitzer, Stefan -- Mair, Barbara -- Bernreuther, Christian -- Wainger, Brian J -- Ichida, Justin -- Hanada, Reiko -- Orthofer, Michael -- Cronin, Shane J -- Komnenovic, Vukoslav -- Minis, Adi -- Sato, Fuminori -- Mimata, Hiromitsu -- Yoshimura, Akihiko -- Tamir, Ido -- Rainer, Johannes -- Kofler, Reinhard -- Yaron, Avraham -- Eggan, Kevin C -- Woolf, Clifford J -- Glatzel, Markus -- Herbst, Ruth -- Martinez, Javier -- Penninger, Josef M -- K99NS077435-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P 19223/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- P 21667/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R00 NS077435/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):474-80. doi: 10.1038/nature11923. Epub 2013 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Death ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism/pathology ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/*metabolism/*pathology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Neuromuscular Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/genetics/*metabolism ; Respiration ; Spinal Nerves/cytology ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Reprogramming of adult cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) has opened new therapeutic opportunities; however, little is known about the possibility of in vivo reprogramming within tissues. Here we show that transitory induction of the four factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc in mice results in teratomas emerging from multiple organs, implying that full reprogramming can occur in vivo. Analyses of the stomach, intestine, pancreas and kidney reveal groups of dedifferentiated cells that express the pluripotency marker NANOG, indicative of in situ reprogramming. By bone marrow transplantation, we demonstrate that haematopoietic cells can also be reprogrammed in vivo. Notably, reprogrammable mice present circulating iPS cells in the blood and, at the transcriptome level, these in vivo generated iPS cells are closer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells) than standard in vitro generated iPS cells. Moreover, in vivo iPS cells efficiently contribute to the trophectoderm lineage, suggesting that they achieve a more plastic or primitive state than ES cells. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of in vivo iPS cells generates embryo-like structures that express embryonic and extraembryonic markers. We conclude that reprogramming in vivo is feasible and confers totipotency features absent in standard iPS or ES cells. These discoveries could be relevant for future applications of reprogramming in regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abad, Maria -- Mosteiro, Lluc -- Pantoja, Cristina -- Canamero, Marta -- Rayon, Teresa -- Ors, Inmaculada -- Grana, Osvaldo -- Megias, Diego -- Dominguez, Orlando -- Martinez, Dolores -- Manzanares, Miguel -- Ortega, Sagrario -- Serrano, Manuel -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 17;502(7471):340-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12586. Epub 2013 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Ectoderm/cytology ; Embryoid Bodies/cytology/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Intestines/cytology ; Kidney/cytology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Pancreas/cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Stomach/cytology ; Teratoma/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Totipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Trophoblasts/cytology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2013-02-05
    Description: Cancer control by adaptive immunity involves a number of defined death and clearance mechanisms. However, efficient inhibition of exponential cancer growth by T cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) requires additional undefined mechanisms that arrest cancer cell proliferation. Here we show that the combined action of the T-helper-1-cell cytokines IFN-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) directly induces permanent growth arrest in cancers. To safely separate senescence induced by tumour immunity from oncogene-induced senescence, we used a mouse model in which the Simian virus 40 large T antigen (Tag) expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter creates tumours by attenuating p53- and Rb-mediated cell cycle control. When combined, IFN-gamma and TNF drive Tag-expressing cancers into senescence by inducing permanent growth arrest in G1/G0, activation of p16INK4a (also known as CDKN2A), and downstream Rb hypophosphorylation at serine 795. This cytokine-induced senescence strictly requires STAT1 and TNFR1 (also known as TNFRSF1A) signalling in addition to p16INK4a. In vivo, Tag-specific T-helper 1 cells permanently arrest Tag-expressing cancers by inducing IFN-gamma- and TNFR1-dependent senescence. Conversely, Tnfr1(-/-)Tag-expressing cancers resist cytokine-induced senescence and grow aggressively, even in TNFR1-expressing hosts. Finally, as IFN-gamma and TNF induce senescence in numerous murine and human cancers, this may be a general mechanism for arresting cancer progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Braumuller, Heidi -- Wieder, Thomas -- Brenner, Ellen -- Assmann, Sonja -- Hahn, Matthias -- Alkhaled, Mohammed -- Schilbach, Karin -- Essmann, Frank -- Kneilling, Manfred -- Griessinger, Christoph -- Ranta, Felicia -- Ullrich, Susanne -- Mocikat, Ralph -- Braungart, Kilian -- Mehra, Tarun -- Fehrenbacher, Birgit -- Berdel, Julia -- Niessner, Heike -- Meier, Friedegund -- van den Broek, Maries -- Haring, Hans-Ulrich -- Handgretinger, Rupert -- Quintanilla-Martinez, Leticia -- Fend, Falko -- Pesic, Marina -- Bauer, Jurgen -- Zender, Lars -- Schaller, Martin -- Schulze-Osthoff, Klaus -- Rocken, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 21;494(7437):361-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11824. Epub 2013 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Liebermeister Strasse 25, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Aging/*immunology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Cytokines/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms/*immunology/*pathology ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
    Description: The recognition of autophagy related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) as a genetic risk factor has exposed the critical role of autophagy in Crohn's disease. Homozygosity for the highly prevalent ATG16L1 risk allele, or murine hypomorphic (HM) activity, causes Paneth cell dysfunction. As Atg16l1(HM) mice do not develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation, the mechanism(s) by which ATG16L1 contributes to disease remains obscure. Deletion of the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (Xbp1) in intestinal epithelial cells, the human orthologue of which harbours rare inflammatory bowel disease risk variants, results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Paneth cell impairment and spontaneous enteritis. Unresolved ER stress is a common feature of inflammatory bowel disease epithelium, and several genetic risk factors of Crohn's disease affect Paneth cells. Here we show that impairment in either UPR (Xbp1(DeltaIEC)) or autophagy function (Atg16l1(DeltaIEC) or Atg7(DeltaIEC)) in intestinal epithelial cells results in each other's compensatory engagement, and severe spontaneous Crohn's-disease-like transmural ileitis if both mechanisms are compromised. Xbp1(DeltaIEC) mice show autophagosome formation in hypomorphic Paneth cells, which is linked to ER stress via protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), elongation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Ileitis is dependent on commensal microbiota and derives from increased intestinal epithelial cell death, inositol requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE1alpha)-regulated NF-kappaB activation and tumour-necrosis factor signalling, which are synergistically increased when autophagy is deficient. ATG16L1 restrains IRE1alpha activity, and augmentation of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells ameliorates ER stress-induced intestinal inflammation and eases NF-kappaB overactivation and intestinal epithelial cell death. ER stress, autophagy induction and spontaneous ileitis emerge from Paneth-cell-specific deletion of Xbp1. Genetically and environmentally controlled UPR function within Paneth cells may therefore set the threshold for the development of intestinal inflammation upon hypomorphic ATG16L1 function and implicate ileal Crohn's disease as a specific disorder of Paneth cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862182/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862182/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adolph, Timon E -- Tomczak, Michal F -- Niederreiter, Lukas -- Ko, Hyun-Jeong -- Bock, Janne -- Martinez-Naves, Eduardo -- Glickman, Jonathan N -- Tschurtschenthaler, Markus -- Hartwig, John -- Hosomi, Shuhei -- Flak, Magdalena B -- Cusick, Jennifer L -- Kohno, Kenji -- Iwawaki, Takao -- Billmann-Born, Susanne -- Raine, Tim -- Bharti, Richa -- Lucius, Ralph -- Kweon, Mi-Na -- Marciniak, Stefan J -- Choi, Augustine -- Hagen, Susan J -- Schreiber, Stefan -- Rosenstiel, Philip -- Kaser, Arthur -- Blumberg, Richard S -- 100140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 260961/European Research Council/International -- DK0034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- G1002610/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):272-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12599. Epub 2013 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24089213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Diseases/genetics/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*pathology ; Mice ; Paneth Cells/*pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Unfolded Protein Response/physiology ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic modification involved in gene silencing, imprinting, and the suppression of retrotransposons. Global DNA demethylation occurs in the early embryo and the germ line, and may be mediated by Tet (ten eleven translocation) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Tet enzymes have been studied extensively in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are generally cultured in the absence of vitamin C, a potential cofactor for Fe(II) 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase enzymes such as Tet enzymes. Here we report that addition of vitamin C to mouse ES cells promotes Tet activity, leading to a rapid and global increase in 5hmC. This is followed by DNA demethylation of many gene promoters and upregulation of demethylated germline genes. Tet1 binding is enriched near the transcription start site of genes affected by vitamin C treatment. Importantly, vitamin C, but not other antioxidants, enhances the activity of recombinant Tet1 in a biochemical assay, and the vitamin-C-induced changes in 5hmC and 5mC are entirely suppressed in Tet1 and Tet2 double knockout ES cells. Vitamin C has a stronger effect on regions that gain methylation in cultured ES cells compared to blastocysts, and in vivo are methylated only after implantation. In contrast, imprinted regions and intracisternal A particle retroelements, which are resistant to demethylation in the early embryo, are resistant to vitamin-C-induced DNA demethylation. Collectively, the results of this study establish vitamin C as a direct regulator of Tet activity and DNA methylation fidelity in ES cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893718/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893718/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blaschke, Kathryn -- Ebata, Kevin T -- Karimi, Mohammad M -- Zepeda-Martinez, Jorge A -- Goyal, Preeti -- Mahapatra, Sahasransu -- Tam, Angela -- Laird, Diana J -- Hirst, Martin -- Rao, Anjana -- Lorincz, Matthew C -- Ramalho-Santos, Miguel -- 92093/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- CA151535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD007420/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD004698/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HD065812/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI044432/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA151535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD065812/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD012204/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 8;500(7461):222-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12362. Epub 2013 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/*drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Mice ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-08-01
    Description: Self-renewal is the hallmark feature both of normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. Since the regenerative capacity of normal haematopoietic stem cells is limited by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks, we speculated that DNA damage might also constrain leukaemic self-renewal and malignant haematopoiesis. Here we show that the histone methyl-transferase MLL4, a suppressor of B-cell lymphoma, is required for stem-cell activity and an aggressive form of acute myeloid leukaemia harbouring the MLL-AF9 oncogene. Deletion of MLL4 enhances myelopoiesis and myeloid differentiation of leukaemic blasts, which protects mice from death related to acute myeloid leukaemia. MLL4 exerts its function by regulating transcriptional programs associated with the antioxidant response. Addition of reactive oxygen species scavengers or ectopic expression of FOXO3 protects MLL4(-/-) MLL-AF9 cells from DNA damage and inhibits myeloid maturation. Similar to MLL4 deficiency, loss of ATM or BRCA1 sensitizes transformed cells to differentiation, suggesting that myeloid differentiation is promoted by loss of genome integrity. Indeed, we show that restriction-enzyme-induced double-strand breaks are sufficient to induce differentiation of MLL-AF9 blasts, which requires cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) (Cdkn1a) activity. In summary, we have uncovered an unexpected tumour-promoting role of genome guardians in enforcing the oncogene-induced differentiation blockade in acute myeloid leukaemia.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410707/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410707/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santos, Margarida A -- Faryabi, Robert B -- Ergen, Aysegul V -- Day, Amanda M -- Malhowski, Amy -- Canela, Andres -- Onozawa, Masahiro -- Lee, Ji-Eun -- Callen, Elsa -- Gutierrez-Martinez, Paula -- Chen, Hua-Tang -- Wong, Nancy -- Finkel, Nadia -- Deshpande, Aniruddha -- Sharrow, Susan -- Rossi, Derrick J -- Ito, Keisuke -- Ge, Kai -- Aplan, Peter D -- Armstrong, Scott A -- Nussenzweig, Andre -- CA140575/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA66996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA139009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK098263/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK100689/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):107-11. doi: 10.1038/nature13483. Epub 2014 Jul 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2]. ; The Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; 1] Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25079327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*enzymology/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; *Myelopoiesis ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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  • 17
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-01-22
    Description: The patterning of the imaginal discs in Drosophila melanogaster is a progressive process that, like the patterning of the larval epidermis during embryogenesis, requires the activity of segment polarity genes. One segment polarity gene, wingless, encodes a homolog of the mouse proto-oncogene Wnt-1 and plays a prominent role in the patterning of the larval epidermis and the imaginal discs. However, whereas the function of wingless in the embryo is initially associated with a pattern of stripes along the anteroposterior axis that are part of a Cartesian coordinate system, it is shown here that during imaginal development wingless is associated with a pattern of sectors that provide references for a polar coordinate system homologous to that postulated in a well-known model for the regeneration of insect and vertebrate limbs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couso, J P -- Bate, M -- Martinez-Arias, A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 22;259(5094):484-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/growth & development ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Larva ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Wings, Animal ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt1 Protein ; *Zebrafish Proteins ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: The transition of DNA secondary structure from an analogous B to Z conformation modulates the dielectric environment of the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) around which it is adsorbed. The SWNT band-gap fluorescence undergoes a red shift when an encapsulating 30-nucleotide oligomer is exposed to counter ions that screen the charged backbone. The transition is thermodynamically identical for DNA on and off the nanotube, except that the propagation length of the former is shorter by five-sixths. The magnitude of the energy shift is described by using an effective medium model and the DNA geometry on the nanotube sidewall. We demonstrate the detection of the B-Z change in whole blood, tissue, and from within living mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heller, Daniel A -- Jeng, Esther S -- Yeung, Tsun-Kwan -- Martinez, Brittany M -- Moll, Anthonie E -- Gastala, Joseph B -- Strano, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Absorption ; Adsorption ; Animals ; Cations, Divalent/chemistry ; Chickens ; Circular Dichroism ; DNA/blood/*chemistry ; DNA, Z-Form/blood/*chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Mathematics ; Mercury/analysis ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: Peripheral pain pathways are activated by a range of stimuli. We used diphtheria toxin to kill all mouse postmitotic sensory neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8. Mice showed normal motor activity and low-threshold mechanical and acute noxious heat responses but did not respond to noxious mechanical pressure or cold. They also showed a loss of enhanced pain responses and spontaneous pain behavior upon treatment with inflammatory insults. In contrast, nerve injury led to heightened pain sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli indistinguishable from that seen with normal littermates. Pain behavior correlates well with central input from sensory neurons measured electrophysiologically in vivo. These data demonstrate that Na(v)1.8-expressing neurons are essential for mechanical, cold, and inflammatory pain but not for neuropathic pain or heat sensing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abrahamsen, Bjarke -- Zhao, Jing -- Asante, Curtis O -- Cendan, Cruz Miguel -- Marsh, Steve -- Martinez-Barbera, Juan Pedro -- Nassar, Mohammed A -- Dickenson, Anthony H -- Wood, John N -- BB/F000227/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9717869/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):702-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1156916.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Nociception Group, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cold Temperature ; Electrophysiology ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Hot Temperature ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Nociceptors/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; Pressure ; Sodium Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: A fundamental function of CD4+ helper T (T(H)) cells is the regulation of B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Development of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells that provide help to B cells is mediated by the cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-21 but is independent of TH1, TH2, and TH17 effector cell lineages. Here, we characterize the function of Bcl6, a transcription factor selectively expressed in T(FH) cells. Bcl6 expression is regulated by interleukin-6 and interleukin-21. Bcl6 overexpression induced T(FH)-related gene expression and inhibited other T(H) lineage cell differentiation in a DNA binding-dependent manner. Moreover, Bcl6 deficiency in T cells resulted in impaired T(FH) cell development and germinal center reactions, and altered production of other effector T cell subsets. Our data thus illustrate that Bcl6 is required for programming of T(FH) cell generation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857334/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857334/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nurieva, Roza I -- Chung, Yeonseok -- Martinez, Gustavo J -- Yang, Xuexian O -- Tanaka, Shinya -- Matskevitch, Tatyana D -- Wang, Yi-Hong -- Dong, Chen -- R01 AI050746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050746-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050761-07A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050772-08/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):1001-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176676. Epub 2009 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rnurieva@mdanderson.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Germinal Center/cytology/*immunology ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukins/immunology/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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