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  • 11
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Antivirals ; Nucleotides ; 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine ; 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present work describes an electrophoretic method for the separation and determination of the new antivirals, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,9-diaminopurine (PMEDAP) in model mixtures with some monoribonucleotide isomers (3′-AMP, 2′-CMP, 3′-CMP, 3′-GMP, 2′-GMP, 3′-UMP, 5′-GMP, and 5′-UMP) or with the most common deoxynucleotides (dCMP, dCDP, dCTP, dTMP, dTDP, dTTP, dGMP, dGDP, dGTP, dAMP, dADP, dATP). A fused-silica capillary tube, 75 μm ID, 67.8 cm total length (60.3 cm length to the detector), with detection at 210 nm was employed. A hydrodynamic injection for 10 s (1.5 psi vacuum) was utilized to introduce the sample, and 30 kV voltage was applied for the separation. The complete separation of PMEA and PMEDAP from the mononucleotide isomers and deoxynucleotide mixtures is possible in less that 10 min and 25 min, respectively, using 20 mM borate buffer, pH 9.9, with the addition of 10 mM β-cyclodextrin. Efficiencies of more than 120 000 and resolution higher than 1.9 were reached for each of the compounds studied. This capillary electrophoretic procedure opens the possibility for future determination of PMEA and PMEDAP in cell pool samples.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; isolated kidney tubules ; dietary regulation ; kinetic analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the effects of several different macronutrients on the kinetic behaviour of rat renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). Rats were meal-fed with high-carbohydrate/low-protein, high-protein/low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. High-protein increased renal G6PDH and 6PDGH activities by 66 per cent and 70 per cent respectively, without significantly changing the Km values of either and each Hexose monophosphate dehydrogenase activity increased steadily, reaching a significant difference on day 4. A rise in carbohydrate or fat in the diets, produced no significant change in either the activity or the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km of the two dehydrogenases. In addition, the administration of a high-protein diet for 8 days significantly increased both the pentose phosphate pathway flux (92·6 per cent) and the kidney weight (35 per cent), whereas no significant changes in these parameters were found when the animals were treated with the other diets. Our results suggest that an increase in the levels of dietary protein induces a rise in the intracellular levels of these enzymes. The possible role of this metabolic pathway in the kidneys under these nutritional conditions is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus 2,2-Bis(1,4-phenylenoxy)-propyliden-diessigsäure und ähnlichen Disäuren sowie Diphenolen wurden unter Verwendung verschiedener Ammonium- und Phosphoniumsalze als Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren Poly(ether-ester) synthetisiert. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit Benzyltriethylammoniumchlorid erzielt, das ein hydrophiler Katalysator ist, der die Hydrolyse der Polymerketten nicht beschleunigt. Auch andere Oniumsalze erwiesen sich als wirksame Phasentransfer-Katalysatoren. Die Polymere wurden mittels IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie durch Elementaranalyse charakterisiert. Die Molmassen wurden durch Messung der Eigenviskosität ermittelt.
    Notes: Poly(ether-ester)s from (2,2-bis(1,4-phenyleneoxy)-propylidene)-diacetic acid and related diacids with diphenols were synthesized using several ammonium and phosphonium salts as phase transfer catalysts. The best results were obtained with benzyltriethylammonium chloride, which is a hydrophilie catalyst that not promotes hydrolysis of the polymeric chains. Other onium salts also were effective as phase transfer catalysts. Polymers were characterized by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Molecular weights were estimated by inherent viscosity measurements.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Iron carbonyl sorption in PTFE, followed by in situ oxidation, gives the composite material, iron oxide-PTFE. Oxide particle size determination was performed by electron microscopy. The particles were found to be nearly spherical and very small, having diameters in the 30-40 Å range on average. Optical absorption spectra were obtained by photoacoustic spectroscopy, and their intensities show a complex dependence on iron oxide concentration in the samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1791-1802 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Near-infrared photoacoustic spectra of polyethylene (1 mm slab) were taken in the modulation range 10-240 Hz, which corresponds to thermal diffusion layers in the 56-11 μm range. Thick-layer spectra are very similar to polyethylene film transmission spectra, but large differences are observed between the spectra taken at various modulation frequencies. From 10 to 80 Hz, all the spectral band intensities decrease linearly with ω-a where ω is the light modulation frequency and a varies from 0.48 to 1.00 for different constituent groups. The analysis of spectral intensity as a function of modulation frequency shows that peak intensity ratios of —CH3, =CH2, and —OH groups, relative to that of methylene groups, increase as thinner, closer-to-surface polymer layers are sampled. From this we conclude that near-to-surface layers of solid polyethylene are richer in —CH3, =CH2 and —OH groups than the polymer bulk.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Free radical copolymerization of a macromer and a vinylic or acrylic monomer is a novel method of synthesis of graft copolymers. Each macromer unit gives yield to a graft. Accurate characterization of the samples obtained, especially by means of proton NMR, is possible. The distribution of the grafts along the chain is random. The overall molecular weights of the copolymers formed are low, however.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 437 (1977), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of PCl5 and PCl3 with Benzohydroxamic Acid. Benzohydroxamato Derivatives of PhosphorusPCl5 and PCl3 react easily with benzohydroxamic acid. With PCl5 (benzohydroxamato)PCl3 (II), (benzohydroxamato)2PCl (III) and H[P(benzohydroxamato)3] (IV) are formed depending on the reaction conditions. III can be fluorinated with SbF3 to give (benzohydroxamato)2PF (VI). With SO2 II yields (benzohydroxamato)P(O)Cl (VII). PCl3 reacts with benzohydroxamic acid to give (benzohydroxamato)PCl (VIII) and (benzohydroxamato)2PH (IX).
    Notes: PCl5 und PCl3 reagieren leicht mit Benzhydroxamsäure. Mit PCl5 entsteht je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen (benzhydroxamato)PCl3 (II), (benzhydroxamato)2PCl (III) und H[P(benzhydroxamato)3] (IV). III läßt sich mit SbF3 zu (benzhydroxamato)2PF (VI) fluorieren. Mit SO2 entsteht aus II (benzhydroxamato)P(O)Cl (VII). PCl3 setzt sich mit Benzhydroxamsäure zu (benzhydroxamato)PCl (VIII) und (benzhydroxamato)2PH (IX) um.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reversible interaction of N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline (1) with HO- is characterized by several kinetic processes. The relaxation times of two of them were measured. It is suggested that the faster one is related to the protonation-deprotonation of the 3-methyl group and the value of the protonation rate is 0.19 s-1. The slowest process leads to the dianionic species with maximum absorption at 340 nm where one HO- group adds to the unsubstituted ring position of an anion derived from 1 by deprotonation of either the NH or the 3-methyl group. The rate and equilibrium constants for the formation of this species are reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetic study of the reaction of 1-pyrrolidino-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1-piperidino-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1-morpholino-2,4-dinitrobenzene with NaOH in the presence and absence of the amine leaving group was carried out in aqueous solutions at 25°C, giving 2,4-dinitrophenol as the only product. A mechanism involving the formation of σ complexes by addition of HO- or the amine to the unsubstituted positions of the aromatic ring is proposed. These complexes were found to react faster than the original substrates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 455-458 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Internal rotational barriers of aromatic carbonyl compounds were calculated by means of semi-empirical quantum chemical methods such as AM1 and PM3. Rotational potential barriers in the AM1 approach (VAM1) follow the experimental rotational free energy of activation (ΔG
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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