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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Apoplasm ; Hydraulic conductance ; Pressure clamp technique ; Prunus (water relations) ; Root (hydraulic conductance) ; Water relations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A pressure-clamp technique was devised for the direct measurement of cell-to-cell and apoplasmic components of root hydraulic conductance; the experimental results were analyzed in terms of a theoretical model of water and solute flow, based on a composite membrane model of the root. When water is forced under a constant pressure into a cut root system, an exponential decay of flow is observed, until a constant value is attained; when pressure is released, a reverse water flow out of the root system is observed which shows a similar exponential behavour. The model assumes that the transient flow occurs through a cell-to-cell pathway and the observed decrease is the result of accumulation of solutes in front of the root semi-permeable membrane, whilst the steady-state component results from the movement of water through the parallel apoplasmic pathway. Root conductance components are estimated by fitting the model to experimental data. The technique was applied to the root systems of potted cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings; average apoplasmic conductance was 15.5 × 10−9m3· s−1· MPa−1, with values ranging from 12.0 × 10−9 to 18.5 × 10−9m3· s−1· MPa−1; average cell-to-cell conductance was 11.7 × 109 m3· s−1· MPa−1, with values ranging from 8.5 × 10−9 to 15.3 × 10−9 m3 · s−1·MPa−1. Cell-to-cell conductance amounted on average to 43% of total root conductance, with values between 41 and 45%. Leaf specific conductance (conductance per unit of leaf area supported) of the root systems ranged from 2.7 × 10−8 to 5.6 × 10−8 m· s−1·MPa−1, with an average of 3.7 × 10−8 m · s−1·MPa−1. The newly developed technique allows the interaction of mass flow of water and of solutes to be explored in the roots of soil-grown plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): homing ; colour-marking ; age ; recovery rates ; site fidelity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Je zwei Gruppen von adulten und juvenilen farbmarkierten Alpenstrandläufern (Calidris alpina) wurden in vier aufeinanderfolgenden Wintern von ihren Winterquartieren verfrachtet. Die Untersuchungen dienten dazu, die zeit- und altersabhängige Unterschieden im Heimfindeverhalten zu überprüfen und vor allem festzustellen, wann die Jungvögel eine Winterortsbindung eingehen. Jede Gruppe wurde zu Beginn der Überwinterungssaison an unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten 133 km südlich des Fangortes freigelassen. Es wurde erwartet, daß sich das Verhalten der Altvögel nicht in Abhängigkeit zum Datum änderte, wohl aber das der Jungvögel. Bei allen vier Experimenten verließ die Mehrheit der Vögel den Auflassungsort. Jungvögel, die früh in der Saison verfrachtet wurden (5. Nov.), verblieben in größerer Zahl im Gebiet der Freilassung (34%) und kehrten in geringerem Maße zum Fangort zurück (20%) als Jungvögel, die spät verfrachtet wurden (13. Dez.; 0–14% bzw. 57–62%) und als beide Altvogelgruppen. Die letztendlichen Rückkehrraten früh und spät in der Saison (8. und 24. Nov.) verfrachteter Altvögel waren ähnlich. Die meisten Vögel, die das Auflassungsgebiet verließen, flogen innerhalb von 20 Tagen nach der Verfrachtung ab, wogegen Beobachtungen am Fangort auf ein graduelleres Rückkehrmuster schließen ließen. Die ersten zurückkehrenden Vögel wurden drei Tage nach ihrer Freilassung gesehen. Die Rückkehr neuer Vögel zog sich jedoch mindestens 40 Tage länger hin. Die meisten juvenilen Alpenstrandläufer schienen im November eine Bindung an ein Überwinterungsgebiet einzugehen. Die Wiederfangraten verfrachteter und nicht verfrachteter Vögel in nachfolgenden Wintern lassen vermuten, daß Alpenstrandläufer ihre Winterortstreue erst nach einer längeren Zeit entwickeln.
    Notizen: Summary Two groups of adult and two groups of juvenile colour-marked Dunlins (Calidris alpina) were moved from their wintering site in four successive years, in order to assess the existence of time- and age-dependent differences in homing behaviour and, in particular, to determine when attachment to wintering grounds is achieved by juveniles. Each group was released on different dates at the beginning of the wintering season 133 km to the south of the capture site. We expected that the behaviour of adults would not vary according to date, whereas that of juveniles would. In all four experiments the majority of birds left the release site. Juveniles displaced early in the season (5 Nov.) remained at the release site in higher numbers (34% vs 0–14%) and homed to a lesser extent (20% vs 57–62%) than juveniles displaced late in the season (13 Dec.) and both adult groups. The final return rates of adults displaced early and late in the season (8 and 24 Nov.) were similar. Most birds that left the release site departed within 20 days of displacement, whereas observations of colour-marked Dunlins at the capture site indicated a more gradual pattern of return. The first homed birds were observed three days after release, but new birds continued arriving back at the release site for at least 40 days longer. Most juvenile Dunlins seem to become attached to a wintering site during November. Recovery rates of displaced and non-displaced birds retrapped in following winters suggested that year-to-year site fidelity is developed after a longer period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A non-linear three-compartment model is proposed to describe a new strategy for the administration of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd) in the treatment of HIV infections. The drug is injected after having been encapsulated in a non-diffusible form (ddCMP) into erythrocytes. Nummerical solutions show that by this treatment the highest ddCyd blood concentration is strongly reduced and in turn its toxicity, while long-lasting therapeutic effect is assured. The model is compared with experimental data in vitro.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 15 (1996), S. 53-65 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Schlagwort(e): Simulation ; DAE systems ; friction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The paper deals with simulation of mechanical systems affected by discontinuous phenomena. These phenomena involve impulsive events and/or models whose structure changes depending on the values of some system variables. The models of three kinds of these discontinuities (joint with static friction, collisions with rigid environment, bifurcation behavior near kinematic singularities) are given, and a simulation environment, based on the DAE solver DASSL is presented, that also allows efficient simulation of sample-data systems. Some simulation results achieved with the proposed environment are finally presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1995), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the present paper we investigated the polyamine content and protein expression pattern in laboratory-reared Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve under temperature stress conditions. Putrescine, spermidine and to a lesser extent spermine were present in this alga. Free putrescine and spermidine increased after heat shock while a concomitant decrease in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble bound putrescine and spermidine occurred. After 40 min of 30 °C stress both were no longer detectable, whereas TCA-soluble bound spermine was present. The appearance of 83, 42, 40.7 and 35 kDa polypeptides was observed when S. costatum cells were subjected to heat treatment. Western blotting experiments revealed the presence in this diatom of ubiquitin and ubiquitin conjugates. Heat stress strongly increased the number of ubiquitin conjugate polypeptides of high molecular weight. No variation in the carbohydrate content was observed in response to stress. A possible role for these different metabolic events in the adaptive response of S. costatum to rapid temperature shifts has been hypothesized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 62 (1982), S. 181-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The Sau3A family is a human, clustered, highly repetitive, GC-rich DNA family. In situ hybridization studies with a plasmid carrying a Sau3A monomer as a probe have shown that Sau3A sequences are preferentially concentrated in the heterochromatic regions of human acrocentric chromosomes (D and G groups, both in pericentromeric regions and in cytological satellites) and in pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 1. The same chromosomal locations were observed by using as probes two recombinant phages which carry Sau3A-positive genomic sectors. The two sectors differfor the relative proportions of monomer and multiples of Sau3A repeats, which show different extents of homology to the cloned monomer, and for the presence, in one of the two, of a samll amount of an unrelated repeat (alphoid DNA). The similarity of the results obtained with the three probes suggests that heterogeneous Sau3A repeats share the same chromosomal localizations and that the two analyzed genomic sectors may not contain significant amounts of repetitive DNAs other than the Sau3A family. A comparison between the chromosomal locations of Sau3A and EcoRI families of repeats has confirmed that each family is characterized by specific chromosomal locations and that single heterochromatic regions may contain both.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the Ferrara district, an area south of the Po delta, four different variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD;E.C.1.1.49) have been described as a result of biochemical characterization of the enzyme protein: one was G6PD Mediterranean (G6PD Med) and three were local variants named Ferrara I, II, and III. The Ferrara I variant was recently analysed at the DNA level and shown to correspond to G6PD A376G/202A, while the mutations causing the variants II and III, still remain unknown. We analysed the G6PD coding region of 18 apparently unrelated G6PD deficient subjects, whose families have lived in the Ferrara district for at least three generations: 12 subjects had G6PD Med563T/1311T, 3, G6PD Santamaria376G/542T and 2, G6PD A-376G/202A. In one subject we found a new mutation, a G→A transition at nucleotide 242 causing an Arg→His amino acid replacement at position 81. We named this new variant G6PD Lagosanto242 A. Phenotypically the enzyme has nearly normal kinetic properties and appears different from the variants Ferrara II and III.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The quantitative expression of GALT and galactose utilization have been investigated in two patients with 9p deletion. Case 1 had a distal deletion of the band 9p22→pter, while case 2 had an interstitial deletion of the region 9p133→p23. In the former patient GALT activity and galactose utilization were found to be normal: in the latter decreased GALT activity and a significant decrease of galactose utilization were present. The above findings suggest that the GALT locus is in the 9p21 band.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene a few small deletions and only a large, complex, 50-kb deletion have been described so far. We report a second large deletion, which had been hypothesized in a patient affected by cystic fibrosis on the basis of an abnormal pattern of inheritance of the intragenic microsatellites IVS17b/TA and IVS17b/CA. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of an anomalous band in the patient and her father, in the region encompassing exons 13 – 19, approximately 0.6 kb shorten than the one present in normal controls, in addition to the band of the correct size. Cloning and sequencing the DNA fragments spanning the region of interest demonstrated the presence of a 703-bp deletion causing complete removal of exon 17b in the paternal cystic fibrosis chromosome. This analysis revealed the presence of two short direct repeats flanking the breakpoints. The 3′ repeat partially overlapped the IVS17b/CA microsatellite and the number of CA repeated units present in the paternal cystic fibrosis allele was the shortest ever found among chromosomes so far analyzed. These data may suggest that the mechanism for the generation of the deletion may have involved a slipped mispairing during DNA replication, which has not previously been described in the CFTR gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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