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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal distribution in the earthworm,Pheretima hilgendorfi, and their variations with growth (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 13 (1984), S. 427-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations and distribution of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, As, Hg, and Cd) in an earthworm,Pheretima hilgendorfi, and their variations with growth were investigated. Higher concentrations of the metals were found in the pre-clitellar regions of the earthworm compared with the post-clitellar ones; Cd, Cu, and Hg were relatively high in the gut wall. The body concentration of Pb and Hg decreased with increased body length (age) and weight, while the opposite was found for Cd and As. The accumulation of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co in the earthworm depends primarily on the metabolic turnover, whereas the accumulation of Pb, Hg, Cd and As, is dependent upon the age or exposure time. Small earthworms showed faster uptake and excretion rates of Pb and Hg than the large ones, and the biological half-lives of Pb and Hg were relatively short compared with those of Cd and As. The large earthworms exhibited a decrease of Hg in the bodies, probably due to excretion of Hgvia spawning. Based upon these results, the sizes and parts of the earthworm suitable for purposes of research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056258
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of velocity distribution of metallic atoms in plasma devices with a rapid-frequency-scan dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55m ; 52.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A rapid-frequency-scan dye laser was developed for the measurement of the velocity-distribution functions of impurity atoms sputtered due to the high-temperature plasma-surface interaction. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this rapid-scan technique, measurements of the Doppler profiles of Fe atoms sputtered by Ar ion-beam bombardment with energy 3 keV were performed. A scanning range of more than 40 pm at λ ≈300 nm was obtained with a spectral bandwidth of 1.5 ∼2 pm and good linearity. Doppler profiles were determined in various scattering conditions, and excellent performance of this technique was demonstrated. The distortion error caused by line saturation was analytically discussed, and it is shown that the effect of this error is not so serious (less than 10%) even for highly saturated excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688525
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nankai Trough: A hot trench? (1984)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 6 (1984), S. 187-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heat flow estimated from the gas hydrate layers on the landward slope of the Nankai Trough reveals that heat flow increases downslope toward the trench floor. This data plus six new heat flow values obtained by a conventional probe and two values available from DSDP drill holes give a fairly detailed heat flow distribution in the Nankai Trough area, when combined with the already existing data set. There appears to be a zonal pattern parallel to the trough axis, with a high heat flow zone on the floor of the trough that is quite anomalous for a subduction zone. It might be explained as a result of subduction of the hot portion of the Philippine Sea plate, i.e. the Shikoku Basin, and/or of more local effects such as heating due to intrusion of hot water from subducted sediments to shallow depth beneath the trough floor. Surface heat flow patterns landward of the trough were calculated for a simple thermal model of subduction. Perfect reproduction of the observed zonal pattern is difficult to achieve by the simple model, suggesting the necessity for further heat flow and other observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285959
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of amino acids from reactor-irradiated ammonium acetate (1982)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 12 (1982), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ammonium acetate in various conditions was irradiated in a reactor to examine the contributions of both the reactor radiations and recoiled14C nucleis to form the biologically interesting molecules. Present investigations demonstrated that several amino acids, glycine, alanine, β-alanine and GABA, and may-be aspartic acid, serine and valine by prolonged irradiation, were formed in the aqueous solutions of ammonium acetate.14C-radioactivities were also found distributed in these amino acids. However, no special relationship between14C-radioactivity and these amino acids formed was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927065
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ising model with competing interactions on a Cayley tree (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 33 (1983), S. 419-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Cayley tree ; iteration ; fixed points ; cycles ; attractors ; chaos ; spin glass ; frequency locking ; devil's staircase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An iterative scheme is developed for a renormalized effective nearest-neighbor couplingK r and effective field per siteK r for spins in therth shell of a Cayley tree with nearest neighborJ, and next nearest neighborJ′, interactions between Ising spins on the lattice. In addition to the expected paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic phases, we find an intermediate range ofJ'/J 〈 0 values whereX r, and Kr iterate to a continuous or quasicontinuous attractor in theX-K plane. In this range the local magnetization is mainly chaotic with oscillatory glasslike behavior. Embedded in the chaos, however, are regions of periodic and commensurate phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01009804
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odor of a papilionid butterfly (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male scent ; Atrophaneura alcinous ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; benzaldehyde ; phenylacetaldehyde ; 2-phenylpropenal ; n-heptanal ; 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde (major component), 2-phenylpropenal,n-heptanal, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and linalool were identified as compounds responsible for the male scent ofAtrophaneura alcinous alcinous. These substances were present predominantly in the wings, and the quantity of them was largest at the inner margin of the hind wing. Female wings also contained some of them in much smaller (except a few components) amounts. The relative proportion of each component exhibited manifests sexual differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990470
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval osmeterial secretions of the swallowtails (Papilio) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1089-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Osmeterial secretion ; Papilio larvae ; Lepidoptera ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; aliphatic acid ; ester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The larval osmeterial secretions of sixPapilio species examined displayed a remarkable qualitative change at the fourth larval ecdysis. The secretions of 4th (penultimate) instar larvae ofP. machaon, P. memnon, P. helenus, P. bianor, andP. maackii principally comprised mono- and/or sesquiterpenoids. The compounds identified from these species included α-pinene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, β-selinene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, germacrene-A, germacrene-B, caryophyllene oxide, methyl 3-hydroxy-n-butyrate, and acetic acid. In contrast, the secretion of 4th larval instar ofP. xuthus, although containing similar terpenic compounds, was accompanied by large amounts of aliphatic acids and their esters: isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate and methyl 2-methylbutyrate. On the other hand, the osmeterial secretions of 5th (last) instar larvae varied little in quality among the six species, and the identified compounds consisted of isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isovaleric acid, the last of which was specific toP. bianor andP. maackii. The chemical alteration of osmeterial exudate synchronized at the final larval ecdysis with the larval morphological change (particularly in body coloration) that appears to be of defensive significance against predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987631
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static pressure and heat flux measurements of a thermal argon plasma flow in a water-cooled tube (1984)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 4 (1984), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Static pressure ; heat flux ; thermal plasma ; tube flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The momentum and energy transfer phenomena with large temperature difference were investigated experimentally and theoretically, using an argon atmospheric thermal plasma. The plasma was generated by an arc discharge, 4–6 kW, and flowed into a water-cooled copper tube for static pressure measurements and into a copper block with the same size hole (8 mm i.d.) for measuring heat fluxes using a transient method. The argon flow rate was 2.77–8.31×10−4 kg/s. The static pressure of the plasma flow shows a different variation from that of an ordinary flow and does not decrease monotonically. The axial distributions of the numerical calculations are in fair agreement with those of the experiments, and it is concluded that the contributions of recombination and of physical properties play important roles in the behavior of the confined thermal plasma flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567371
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchical program specification and verification — a many-sorted logical approach (1980)
    Springer
    Acta informatica 14 (1980), S. 135-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summary The notion of abstractions in programming is characterized by the distinction between specification and implementation. As far as the specification structures are concerned, hierarchical program development with abstraction mechanisms is naturally regarded as a process of theory extensions in a many-sorted logic. To support such program development, a language called t is proposed with which one can structuredly build up theories and write their program implementation. There, the implementation is regarded as another level of theory extension, and the relation between the specification and the implementation of an abstraction is characterized in terms of a homomorphism between the two theories. On this formalism, a mechanizable proof method is introduced for validation of implementations of both data and procedural abstraction. Finally, a new data type concept is introduced to generalize the so-called type-parametrization mechanism. A justification of this concept within the first order logic is provided as well as its applications to program structuring and verification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288541
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  • 20
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    Distribution of cadmium and zinc in tissues and organs, and their age-Related changes in striped dolphins,Stenella coeruleoalba (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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