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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Despite considerable advances in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, it remains the leading cause of death in developed countries. Assessment of classic cardiovascular risk factors--including high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking--has a central role in disease prevention. However, many individuals with coronary heart disease (a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the heart) have only one, or none, of the classic risk factors. Thus, new biomarkers are needed to augment the information obtained from traditional indicators and to illuminate disease mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerszten, Robert E -- Wang, Thomas J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):949-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. rgerszten@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/*analysis ; Cardiovascular System/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Proteomics ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Massive stars end their short lives in spectacular explosions--supernovae--that synthesize new elements and drive galaxy evolution. Historically, supernovae were discovered mainly through their 'delayed' optical light (some days after the burst of neutrinos that marks the actual event), preventing observations in the first moments following the explosion. As a result, the progenitors of some supernovae and the events leading up to their violent demise remain intensely debated. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova at the time of the explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst. We attribute the outburst to the 'break-out' of the supernova shock wave from the progenitor star, and show that the inferred rate of such events agrees with that of all core-collapse supernovae. We predict that future wide-field X-ray surveys will catch each year hundreds of supernovae in the act of exploding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soderberg, A M -- Berger, E -- Page, K L -- Schady, P -- Parrent, J -- Pooley, D -- Wang, X-Y -- Ofek, E O -- Cucchiara, A -- Rau, A -- Waxman, E -- Simon, J D -- Bock, D C-J -- Milne, P A -- Page, M J -- Barentine, J C -- Barthelmy, S D -- Beardmore, A P -- Bietenholz, M F -- Brown, P -- Burrows, A -- Burrows, D N -- Bryngelson, G -- Cenko, S B -- Chandra, P -- Cummings, J R -- Fox, D B -- Gal-Yam, A -- Gehrels, N -- Immler, S -- Kasliwal, M -- Kong, A K H -- Krimm, H A -- Kulkarni, S R -- Maccarone, T J -- Meszaros, P -- Nakar, E -- O'Brien, P T -- Overzier, R A -- de Pasquale, M -- Racusin, J -- Rea, N -- York, D G -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):469-74. doi: 10.1038/nature06997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Ivy Lane, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. alicia@astro.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2008-11-14
    Description: Climate in the early Pleistocene varied with a period of 41 kyr and was related to variations in Earth's obliquity. About 900 kyr ago, variability increased and oscillated primarily at a period of approximately 100 kyr, suggesting that the link was then with the eccentricity of Earth's orbit. This transition has often been attributed to a nonlinear response to small changes in external boundary conditions. Here we propose that increasing variablility within the past million years may indicate that the climate system was approaching a second climate bifurcation point, after which it would transition again to a new stable state characterized by permanent mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere glaciation. From this perspective the past million years can be viewed as a transient interval in the evolution of Earth's climate. We support our hypothesis using a coupled energy-balance/ice-sheet model, which furthermore predicts that the future transition would involve a large expansion of the Eurasian ice sheet. The process responsible for the abrupt change seems to be the albedo discontinuity at the snow-ice edge. The best-fit model run, which explains almost 60% of the variance in global ice volume during the past 400 kyr, predicts a rapid transition in the geologically near future to the proposed glacial state. Should it be attained, this state would be more 'symmetric' than the present climate, with comparable areas of ice/sea-ice cover in each hemisphere, and would represent the culmination of 50 million years of evolution from bipolar nonglacial climates to bipolar glacial climates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowley, Thomas J -- Hyde, William T -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):226-30. doi: 10.1038/nature07365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. thomas.crowley@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2008-01-04
    Description: Typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have an important role in regulating hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell signalling. In this process, Prxs can become inactivated through the hyperoxidation of an active site Cys residue to Cys sulphinic acid. The unique repair of this moiety by sulphiredoxin (Srx) restores peroxidase activity and terminates the signal. The hyperoxidized form of Prx exists as a stable decameric structure with each active site buried. Therefore, it is unclear how Srx can access the sulphinic acid moiety. Here we present the 2.6 A crystal structure of the human Srx-PrxI complex. This complex reveals the complete unfolding of the carboxy terminus of Prx, and its unexpected packing onto the backside of Srx away from the Srx active site. Binding studies and activity analyses of site-directed mutants at this interface show that the interaction is required for repair to occur. Moreover, rearrangements in the Prx active site lead to a juxtaposition of the Prx Gly-Gly-Leu-Gly and Srx ATP-binding motifs, providing a structural basis for the first step of the catalytic mechanism. The results also suggest that the observed interactions may represent a common mode for other proteins to bind to Prxs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646140/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646140/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonsson, Thomas J -- Johnson, Lynnette C -- Lowther, W Todd -- R01 GM072866/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072866-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):98-101. doi: 10.1038/nature06415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Structural Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites/genetics ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors ; Peroxiredoxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kippenberg, Tobias J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):458. doi: 10.1038/456458a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2008-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bralower, Timothy J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):285-7. doi: 10.1038/454285a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Caribbean Region ; Extinction, Biological ; Greenhouse Effect ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; *Volcanic Eruptions
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Thomas J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):778-9. doi: 10.1038/451778a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Water/*chemistry
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: Animals from flies to humans are able to distinguish subtle gradations in temperature and show strong temperature preferences. Animals move to environments of optimal temperature and some manipulate the temperature of their surroundings, as humans do using clothing and shelter. Despite the ubiquitous influence of environmental temperature on animal behaviour, the neural circuits and strategies through which animals select a preferred temperature remain largely unknown. Here we identify a small set of warmth-activated anterior cell (AC) neurons located in the Drosophila brain, the function of which is critical for preferred temperature selection. AC neuron activation occurs just above the fly's preferred temperature and depends on dTrpA1, an ion channel that functions as a molecular sensor of warmth. Flies that selectively express dTrpA1 in the AC neurons select normal temperatures, whereas flies in which dTrpA1 function is reduced or eliminated choose warmer temperatures. This internal warmth-sensing pathway promotes avoidance of slightly elevated temperatures and acts together with a distinct pathway for cold avoidance to set the fly's preferred temperature. Thus, flies select a preferred temperature by using a thermal sensing pathway tuned to trigger avoidance of temperatures that deviate even slightly from the preferred temperature. This provides a potentially general strategy for robustly selecting a narrow temperature range optimal for survival.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730888/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730888/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamada, Fumika N -- Rosenzweig, Mark -- Kang, Kyeongjin -- Pulver, Stefan R -- Ghezzi, Alfredo -- Jegla, Timothy J -- Garrity, Paul A -- P01 NS044232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS044232-060002/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS044232-070002/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045713-069006/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045713S10/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013874-06/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY13874/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067284/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067284-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR16780/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):217-20. doi: 10.1038/nature07001. Epub 2008 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Biology Department, Brandeis University MS-008, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Body Temperature ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Larva ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; TRPC Cation Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; *Temperature ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2008-09-05
    Description: Water-in-oil-in-water emulsions are examples of double emulsions, in which dispersions of small water droplets within larger oil droplets are themselves dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. Emulsions occur in many forms of processing and are used extensively by the foods, cosmetics and coatings industries. Because of their compartmentalized internal structure, double emulsions can provide advantages over simple oil-in-water emulsions for encapsulation, such as the ability to carry both polar and non-polar cargos, and improved control over release of therapeutic molecules. The preparation of double emulsions typically requires mixtures of surfactants for stability; the formation of double nanoemulsions, where both inner and outer droplets are under 100 nm, has not yet been achieved. Here we show that water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions can be prepared in a simple process and stabilized over many months using single-component, synthetic amphiphilic diblock copolypeptide surfactants. These surfactants even stabilize droplets subjected to extreme flow, leading to direct, mass production of robust double nanoemulsions that are amenable to nanostructured encapsulation applications in foods, cosmetics and drug delivery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanson, Jarrod A -- Chang, Connie B -- Graves, Sara M -- Li, Zhibo -- Mason, Thomas G -- Deming, Timothy J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 4;455(7209):85-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emulsions/chemistry ; Microfluidics ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nanostructures/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Nanotechnology ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Pyrenes/chemistry ; Scattering, Radiation ; Solubility ; Surface-Active Agents/chemistry
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2008-07-03
    Description: The E2F family is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals, with some family members having transcription activation functions and others having repressor functions. Whereas C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have a single E2F activator protein and repressor protein, mammals have at least three activator and five repressor proteins. Why such genetic complexity evolved in mammals is not known. To begin to evaluate this genetic complexity, we targeted the inactivation of the entire subset of activators, E2f1, E2f2, E2f3a and E2f3b, singly or in combination in mice. We demonstrate that E2f3a is sufficient to support mouse embryonic and postnatal development. Remarkably, expression of E2f3b or E2f1 from the E2f3a locus (E2f3a(3bki) or E2f3a(1ki), respectively) suppressed all the postnatal phenotypes associated with the inactivation of E2f3a. We conclude that there is significant functional redundancy among activators and that the specific requirement for E2f3a during postnatal development is dictated by regulatory sequences governing its selective spatiotemporal expression and not by its intrinsic protein functions. These findings provide a molecular basis for the observed specificity among E2F activators during development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288824/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288824/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, Shih-Yin -- Opavsky, Rene -- Sharma, Nidhi -- Wu, Lizhao -- Naidu, Shan -- Nolan, Eric -- Feria-Arias, Enrique -- Timmers, Cynthia -- Opavska, Jana -- de Bruin, Alain -- Chong, Jean-Leon -- Trikha, Prashant -- Fernandez, Soledad A -- Stromberg, Paul -- Rosol, Thomas J -- Leone, Gustavo -- K01CA102328/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA097189/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121275-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA121275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA85619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HD042619/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD047470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32CA106196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1137-41. doi: 10.1038/nature07066. Epub 2008 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18594513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; E2F Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; E2F1 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; E2F2 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; E2F3 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology/metabolism ; *Embryonic Development/genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Genotype ; *Growth/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Phenotype
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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