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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (51)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (22)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1221-1234 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic viscoelastic measurements, E′ and E″, were carried out on solution-crystallized and melt-crystallized samples of fractionated isotactic polypropylene over the temperature range of -100°C to 150°C. The molecular weight ranged from 1.26 × 104 to 1.77 × 105. The effects of swelling and annealing on the α and β peaks were more pronounced for the lower molecular weight fraction than for the higher one. It was found that both the untreated solution-crystallized and quenched melt-crystallized samples contain a fair amounts of a constrained amorphous phase in which the molecular motions were so depressed that the corresponding peak could be observed as the low-temperature component of the α peak. These constraints on the molecular motions are considered to originate from the spatial restrictions imposed by the presence of the surrounding crystallities.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 2149-2153 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 2267-2280 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of swelling and annealing treatments on viscoelastic behavior were studied in melt-crystallized and solution-crystallized samples of isotactic polypropylene (iso-PP) over the temperature range -150 to 150°C. The log E″ versus T curves exhibited α, β, and γ peaks in order of decreasing temperature. The β peak of the melt-crystallized sample shifted to higher temperatures after annealing, but was not affected by swelling. The α peak of melt-crystallized polymer was affected by swelling treatments. It increased in height and shifted to lower temperatures almost linearly with the volume fraction of absorbed solvent. The magnitude of the shift was independent of the solvent species - toluene, p-xylene, tetralin, carbon tetrachloride - however, it depended significantly on the temperature at which the sample had been heat treated. For solution-crystallized polymer, no peaks in log E″ were observed in the temperature range of the β peak of melt-crystallized material, but the α peak appeared larger and broader, and at higher temperature than the corresponding peak in the melt-crystallized polymer. After swelling or annealing, the low-temperature component of the α peak of the solution-crystallized sample decreased in height and at the same time a new loss peak appeared at -55 and 0°C, respectively, is swollen and annealed samples. In particular, in the case of annealing treatments, the high-temperature component of the α peak shifted to still higher temperatures. From these results on the solution-crystallized sample it can be deduced that the segmental motions in the amorphous phase are very strongly constrained by surrounding crystalline phases as compared with those in the amorphous phase of the melt-crystallized sample, and the constraints imposed on the segmental motions are released to a great extent by both treatments. Finally, swelling effects on the γ peak were examined. The γ peak of the melt-crystallized sample decreased in height after swelling. On the other hand, the γ peak of the solution-crystallized sample separated into two peaks, which might be attributed to the mechanical relaxations in the crystalline and amorphous phases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 470 (1929), S. 224-254 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 167-172 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity behavior of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-borax-NaCl systems was investigated. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of PVA in borax solution increases with increasing borax concentration. In solutions containing both borax and NaCl, on the other hand, [η] decreases with increasing concentration of NaCl, and at high NaCl concentration phase separation is observed. In the absence of borax, [η] is nearly independent of the NaCl concentration. These results are interpreted in terms of a limited chain expansion due to charges and intrachain crosslinks simultaneously introduced in the PVA chain when the chain is complexed with negatively charged tetrahedral borate ions. The crosslinking density was estimated from the intrinsic viscosity [η]∞ at infinite ionic strength using the Kuhn and Majer equation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1988), S. 351-360 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The intrisic viscosity [η] of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was determined in aqueous solutions with various concentrations cb of borax (Na2B4O7) as functions of molecular weight M and concentration cs of NaCl as an added salt. Polyelectrolyte viscosity behaviour was observed for the systems containing both borax and NaCl, due to the complexation with negatively charged borate ions B(OH)-4 · [η] changes depending on the ionic strength I. It was found that the Stock-mayer-Fixman treatment for the molecular-weight dependence of [η] is valid in the lower molecular-weight range (M 〈 105), even though the present PVA chain contains some intrachain crosslinks. Theta conditions can be attained at an appropriate concentration cs Θ of NaCl. The value of cs Θ is dependent on cb, but the conformational parameter from the Stockmayer-Fixman treatment K0 is almost independent of cb. The effect of intrachain crosslinks becomes evident only as a considerably large negative value for the excluded volume parameter B at infinite ionic strength. In addition, the electrostatic part of the expansion factor α3e was found to be linearly correlated to a reduced parameter (M/I)1/2 for all cb systems, from the slope of which the charge density was estimated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 1629-1640 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The sorption properties of atactic polypropylene (APP) and isotactic polypropylene (IPP) were studied by equilibrium sorption of various organic solvents. The variation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ for the APP-CCl4 system at 25°C was expressed as a function of the volume fraction v2 of polymer by the relation: x = 0.113 exp {1.879 v2}. The average molecular weight Mc of the polymer chains between successive crystallites for IPP subjected to different thermal treatments was calculated to be 250 to 350 by the equation of Flory and Rehner. From the variation of Mc with solvent concentration, we estimated the number fraction of polymer chains actually contributing to elastic deformation. The clustering function for solvent in the polymer calculated by the method of Zimm and Lundberg decreased linearly from a positive value to -1 with increasing solvent concentration. Clustering of solvent molecules was found to occur more easily in APP than in IPP.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 431-435 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of stereoregularity on the low-temperature relaxation processes were studied by dynamic mechanical measurements on isotactic and syndiotactic polyisobutyl methacrylates (iso-PiBMA and syn-PiBMA). The α, β, and γ relaxation processes were observed in both stereoregular forms. Both the α, and β loss peaks were at lower temperatures for iso-PiBMA than for syn-PiBMA. The γ loss peak was observed at about -155°C at 30 Hz for both forms, and the apparent activation energy of this process was same for both samples within experimental error (6.7 ± 0.5 kcal/mole). It was reduced from these results that the α and β processes are both considerably influenced by the isotactic configuration but the γ process is not.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 28 (1990), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Potentiometric titration in various 1-1 salt solutions was carried out to study the dissociation behavior of the poly(allylammonium) cation (PAAH+). The titration curves show that proton release from cationic PAAH+ is markedly suppressed by addition of simple salt and depends on the counterion species. From an analysis of the titration curves it is found that the electrostatic free energy change ΔGel upon the proton release is negative in all systems examined, and its absolute value decreases with increasing ionic strength of the medium. Also, at a constant added salt concentration (0.1 mol L-1) ΔGel depends significantly on the counterion species added and increases in the order $\[ {\rm ClO}_{\rm 4}^ - 〉 {\rm NO}_3^ - 〉 {\rm Cl}^ - 〉 {\rm Br}^ - 〉 {\rm SCN}^ - 〉 {\rm I}^ - . \]$ The value of ΔGel correlates well with the electron donor constant En of the counterions. The dissociation behavior of PAAH+ is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction among the ionized groups on the chain, the charge shielding effect, and the ion-solvent interaction of the added counterions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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