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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (338)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (338)
  • 1980-1984  (336)
  • 1900-1904  (2)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative humidity affects the intercellular spaces and cell contacts of the kidney epithelium of the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa müller (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 178 (1983), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of relative humidity on hemolymph osmolarity and on kidney ultrastructure are explored in Helix aspersa. The snails are active at 95% relative humidity and less active at 50% relative humidity. The hemolymph osmotic pressure increases with the decrease of relative humidity. Pericardial fluid and hemolymph collected from the heart contain similar amounts of total proteins, and both fluids display hemocyanin molecules in negatively stained preparations. When the snails are kept in an atmosphere of 95% relative humidity, numerous wide intercellular spaces are observed in the single-layered-kidney epithelium. The spaces are almost absent when the snails are kept at 50% relative humidity. It is suggested that prourine is formed through a paracellular junctional pathway across the single-layered kidney epithelium, and that the pericardial cavity is not the site of prourine formation. The septate junctions joining the kidney epithelial cells form a continuous belt of intimate contact in the paracellular pathway of prourine. Long septate junctions with many septa are present in the kidneys of snails from the atmosphere of 50% relative humidity, whereas short septate junctions with fewer septa are found in the kidneys of snails from the atmosphere of 95% relative humidity. It is possible that the longer septate junctions with many septa reduce prourine formation across the kidney sac epithelium.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051780308
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular bridges in ovaries of the newborn gerbil (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative variability of endothelial clones derived from adult bovine aorta: Influence of fibroblast growth factor and smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four endothelial cell clones derived from adult bovine aorta were examined with respect to their proliferative characteristics In vitro. Three of these clones, derived in the absence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), displayed variable basal proliferative rates. One of these non-FGF derived clones grew at a maximal rate which could not be further enhanced with FGF. The other two clones grew at a suboptimal rate which was stimulated by low doses of FGF (10-50 ng/ml) and inhibited by higher doses (100-250 ng/ml). The fourth clone, derived in the presence of FGF, was stimulated by FGF in a dose-dependent manner (10-250 ng/ml) and was not growth inhibited at high FGF concentrations (250-1,000 ng/ml). Growth of all four clones on extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from bovine aortic smooth muscle (BASM) cells was optimal in the absence of FGF. ECM-coated dishes also significantly increased the sensitivity of all clones by at least fivefold to mitogenic stimulation by serum. The proliferative lifespans of the clones ranged between 60 and 120 generations with the most actively proliferating clones attaining the greatest lifespan. Continuous subculture of two of the endothelial clones in the presence of FGF or on ECM-coated dishes did not induce a dependence of the cells on either factor for subsequent growth in its absence. The results indicate that aortic endothelial cells display considerable clonal variability in ther basal proliferative rate and in their response to FGF. This clonal variability is not observed when the cells are maintained on ECM-coated dishes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041140103
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and death of hela cells in the presence of caffeine (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 113 (1982), S. 385-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Proliferation and death were measured in synchronously growing cultures of HeLa S3 cells during treatment with up to 30 mM caffeine. Changes in the number of colony-forming cells were determined by single-cell plating, while changes in the total number of cells were measured both by electronic counting and by monitoring cell division and physiological death cinemicrographically. At concentrations between 2 and 5 mM, cell killing occurs over several days during which the cells traverse the generation cycle once or a few times before losing colony-forming ability, with consequent proliferation of non-colony-forming cells. This indicates that lethal damage is accumulated with time. Death occurs more rapidly at higher concentrations, without proliferation, the kinetics of inactivation being strongly dependent on the phase of the cycle (cell age) at which treatment is initiated. G1 cells are killed more slowly in 10 mM caffeine than are S cells, but G1 cells respond rapidly to 20 mM caffeine, suggesting the inception of an additional mode of killing. The incidence of sister-cell fusion increases with increasing caffeine concentration above 1 mM. On addition of 10 mM caffeine to a culture prepared from collected mitotic cells, the cells undergo a transient rounding and then respread after several hours; with 20 mM, they never respread. The generation cycle is prolonged in a concentration-dependent fashion, as is the duration of G1; the generation time is doubled in 5-6 mM caffeine. G2 and M are also prolonged at concentrations above 3 mM, but S is not prolonged even by 10 mM caffeine.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041130306
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterogenesis and related enzymes in isolated rat hepatocytes during pre- and postnatal life (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 118 (1984), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cholesterogenesis pathway during pre- and postnatal development was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. No modified activity of cytosol acetoacetyl coenzyme A (CoA), thiolase, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMGCoA) synthase was detectable at the different stages examined. Minimal levels of 114C-acetate incorporation into cholesterol and HMGCoA reductase activity were present at 16 days of fetal development in newborn and suckling rats, whereas both parameters increased rapidly before birth. The pattern of NaF nonsuppressible reductase activity showed a different activation state of the enzyme, suggesting the appearance of a modulation state, probably related to the development of some short-term regulatory mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041180112
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of HL-60 myeloid cell differentiation on continuous and split retinoic acid exposures: Precommitment memory associated with altered nuclear structure (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 118 (1984), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cell differentiation of HL-60 human leukemic promyelocytes along the myeloid pathway due to various continuous and distributed exposures to retinoic acid was studied. HL-60 myeloid differentiation was a continuously driven process; significant terminal cell differentiation occurred only after a minimum exposure to inducer of two division cycles. Cells so committed to differentiation retained a heritable, finite memory of differentiation commitment over a further division cycle. Prior to becoming committed, cells acquired precommitment memory of exposure to inducer. Precommitment memory abbreviated the subsequent exposure to inducer needed for commitment to differentiation. Precommitment memory was semistable. It was heritable, but was lost after four division cycles. The acquisition and loss of precommitment memory correlated with alterations in nuclear architecture detected by narrow angle light scatter using flow cytometry. The altered nuclear architecture first occurred before any overt cell differentiation or growth arrest. It was thus an early event in the induced program of terminal cell differentiation. Alterations in relative abundances of cytoplasmic proteins also occurred prior to overt cell differentiation or growth arrest. One of these was a 17 kdalton, anionic, probably Ca2+ binding, protein. Retinoic acid thus induced early cellular changes, including cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations, within one cell cycle when cell differentiation was not yet apparent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041180310
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replication pattern of a large homogenously staining chromosome region in antifolate-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 107 (1981), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the replication pattern of a large, homogenously staining chromosome region (HSR) in two antifolate-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines. This region is believed to be the location of an amplified genetic sequence which includes at least the gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase and which may be present in as many as 200 copies. It is shown that the HSR in both cell lines is among the first chromosome regions to begin DNA synthesis after reversal of an early G1 block. In cells synchronized in the S period with hydroxyurea, it is also clear that the HSR in both cell lines begins replication at many sites within its length in early S. The replicons comprising the HSR therefore may respond to a common initiation signal in early S. In one cell line (A3), replication of the HSR requires, at most, 3 hours of a 7-hour S period; in a second line (MQ19), replication proceeds for approximately 5 hours. In neither line does replication of the HSR occur concomitantly with synthesis of characteristic late replicating regions. These results were confirmed in exponential cultures using a retroactive labeling technique.The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to the possible origin and arrangement of the amplified sequence in these two cell lines.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041070112
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of granulopoiesis and distribution of granulocytes in early phase of bacterial infection (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 109 (1981), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of bacterial infection on CSF production, CFU-C activation, and bacterial clearance by mature granulocytes in mice infected with Escherichia coli. These studies have shown that immediately after bacterial infection (5 minutes), serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) levels and bone marrow colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) levels are elevated. This is followed by oscillator rises in both of these parameters and the appearance of granulocytes in the infected site. With clearance of bacteria, CSF and CFU-C levels return to normal. These studies have indicated further that bacterial infection is a major stimulus for granulocyte production through the CSF-CFU-C system and that clearance of bacteria by mature granulocytes may serve as a negative feedback regulatory arm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041090103
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in water proton relaxation times and in nuclear to cytoplasmic element gradients during meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 116 (1983), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fully grown oocytes 1.2mm in diameter were removed from Xenopus laevis ovaries and were exposed to progesterone (2.5 μg/ml in Ringer's solution) to induce completion of the first maturation division or germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This process required 5.5 ± 0.5 hr. Neither oocyte vo ume nor water content was observed to change throughout muturation. At selected times, the oocytes were quick frozen in liquid propane and cryosectioned. The sections were freeze-dried, and analyzed for K, Na, Cl, P, S, and Mg in millimolar per kilogram dry weight content in the nucleus and the yolk-free cytoplasm using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Unstimulated oocytes showed significant nuclear to yolk-free cytoplasmic content gradients (N/C ratio) for the following elements: K (1.84), P (0.65), and S (1.56), but significant N/C content gradients were not found for Na and Mg. By 10 min after progesterone stimulation, a significant change in the N/C ratio of the following elements had occurred due to a rapid increase in nuclear content: K (2.29), Cl (2011). A significant N/C ratio for Mg (1.35) had developed by 10 min after progesterone stimulation and a significant N/C ratio for Na (2.07) had developed by 45 min. In addition the following elements showed significant content increases in both the nucleus and the yolk-free cytoplasm from the time prior to progesterone stimulation to the time just prior to GVBD at 240 min: K, Na, Cl, P, S, and Mg. Nuclear magnetic reasonance measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of water proton in oocytes showed a sinificant increase in the T1 time after progesterone exposure. The changes in N/C ratios of specific elements and in the physical parameter of water proton relaxation time suggest that progesterone is responsible for inducing changes in the physicochemical interactions between various macromolecules, specific elements, and water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041160113
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic killing of Hela cells by hydroxyurea and caffeine (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 115 (1983), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synchronous populations of HeLa S3 cells suffer synergistic killing during S phase in the presence of 0.5-5 mM hydroxyurea together with 5-10 mM caffeine. Both the rate and the extent of killing are greater than expected for independent action of the two drugs. Only simultaneous treatment is effective. The dependence of the synergistic killing on cell age resembles the age dependence for killing by hydroxyurea alone (〉3 mM), but not that by high concentrations of caffeine. In addition, rapid killing occurs if caffeine is added to cultures that have been incubated in the presence of hydroxyurea from early G1 and are blocked at the beginning of S, although such cells are killed only slowly on continued incubation in ≥ 10 mM hydroxyurea alone. Furthermore, cells that are incubated with the two drugs from early G1 begin to undergo synergistic killing at about 12 h after mitotic collection, but they do not commence DNA replication for another 2-3 h if the drugs are removed. It is concluded that cells that have reached a point in the cycle identical with or close to the end of G1 are sensitive to the combination whether or not they are able to synthesize DNA, and whether or not they are sensitive to hydroxyurea alone. A tentative model is proposed: hydroxyurea is postulated to kill cells by interacting with sites of replication in DNA, and the synergism is attributed to the extra replication points that caffeine is known to induce.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041150311
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