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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (854)
  • 1980-1984  (854)
  • 1940-1944
  • 11
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    Electrostatic waves in the Jovian magnetosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations by the plasma wave receivers on Voyagers 1 and 2 show that a wide variety of electrostatic waves are present within the Jovian magnetosphere and that the Jovian electrostatic waves are for the most part very similar to those observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Bands of emission near the upper hybrid resonance frequency in the dayside outer magnetosphere are detected between higher harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. Inside of about 23 Jupiter radii, electron cyclotron harmonic emissions appear to be durable features of the inner Jovian magnetosphere and are extremely well confined to the Jovian magnetic equator. The cyclotron emissions extend from just above the local electron gyrofrequency to the upper hybrid resonance frequency.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Jan. 198
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  • 12
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    Broadband electrostatic noise and field-aligned currents in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Voyager 1 plasma wave observations have revealed the presence of an impulsive electrostatic emission localized to the Jovian middle magnetosphere that appears on the edges of the plasma sheet. This plasma mode has the same spectral and morphological characteristics of an emission that has been extensively studied in the earth's magnetosphere and has been associated with the presence of field-aligned currents. The results of a detailed study of the properties of this Jovian emission are presented by using comparisons with terrestrial observations as a basis for mode identification. The occurrence regions of the waves are compared with the measured magnetic field configuration to establish a correspondence with the plasma sheet. It is argued that this is a quasi-permanent global system of field-aligned currents linking the ionosphere of Jupiter to the middle magnetosphere, which powers energetic plasma heating processes occurring there. On the basis of knowledge of the consequences of field-aligned currents in the terrestrial magnetosphere, a scenario for acceleration/precipitation of inverted V electrons, concomitant aurorae, and energetic (approximately 10 keV) proton deposition into the middle magnetosphere resulting from field-aligned potential drops associated with this current system is suggested.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
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  • 13
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    Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Hydrogen Lyman-alpha, helium and molecular hydrogen band ultraviolet emissions from Saturn and the Titan atmosphere are considered. The Saturn H2 band excitation mechanism, while qualitatively similar to that of Jupiter, is closely related to the solar flux. The occurrence of auroras at 80 deg latitude suggests an earth-like magnetotail activity. No ion emissions have been detected from the Saturn magnetosphere. Although nitrogen emissions excited by particles have been detected in the Titan dayglow and bright limb scans, no such emission has been detected from its dark atmosphere. Enhancement of the nitrogen emission is observed in the region of interaction between Saturn's corotating plasmasphere and the Titan atmosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
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  • 14
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    Structure and meteorology of the middle atmosphere of Venus Infrared remote sensing from the Pioneer orbiter (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of the Pioneer Venus orbiter radiometric temperature-sounding experiment are presented with examples of each of the primary data products. The measured temperature field is used to model the dynamics of the middle atmosphere from 60 to 140 km, and the thermal and solar fluxes are used to calculate the planetary radiation budget. The data for the diurnal variation of temperature at a given height show fairly small amplitudes up to an altitude of about 95 km, above which the day to night contrast increases rapidly with height. At the equator the dependence of temperature in the stratosphere on solar longitude is dominated by a wave number 2 solar tide with an amplitude of about 10 K. The equator to pole gradients are larger than expected, and the stratosphere is typically 15 to 20 K warmer at the pole than at the equator. The most significant discovery concerning the cloud morphology is a dipole structure consisting of two clearings in the cloud at locations straddling the pole and rotating around it every 2.7 days.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 15
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    Titan (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that Titan, which is the second largest satellite in the solar system, is considerably larger than Mercury. It is made unique by its dense atmosphere, which consists mainly of nitrogen, although a substantial component of methane is present. The basic properties of Titan are summarized in a table. Many of the data were obtained during the close pass of Voyager 1 in November 1980. The atmospheric temperature decreases from its surface value of 94 K at a pressure of 1500 mbar to a minimum of 71 K at a height of 42 km and a pressure of 128 mbar. Details of atmospheric composition and thermal structure are discussed, taking into account chemical identifications and abundances, the vertical temperature structure, the horizontal temperature and opacity structure, and the radiative equilibrium. The upper atmosphere composition and temperature is considered along with the properties of aerosols, and meteorology and atmospheric dynamics. Titan's interior has an average density of 1.88 g per cu cm. Attention is given to Titan's surface and interior, and its formation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 16
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    A survey of electrostatic waves in Saturn's magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager 1 and 2 plasma wave instruments have provided initial observations of electrostatic waves in Saturn's magnetosphere. In general, the emissions at Saturn are similar to those found at earth and Jupiter, although there are significant differences in some of the detailed characteristics. In this paper an overview is presented of the various types of electrostatic waves in the Saturnian magnetosphere, including Langmuir waves and electron cyclotron harmonic emissions. The temporal and spectral character, amplitude, and regions of occurrence for the various classes of emissions are summarized. These characteristics are compared with those of the terrestrial and Jovian counterparts with the goal of understanding how major differences in the magnetospheric configuration might contribute to the observed differences. Finally, the theory of electron cyclotron harmonic emissions is used to gain an insight into the electron distributions and possible wave-particle interactions in Saturn's magnetosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8959-897
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  • 17
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    Nature of the H chondrite parent body regolith - Evidence from the Dimmitt breccia (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Meteorite regolith breccias are clastic rocks which formed by lithification of fragmental regolith material that once resided at the surface of a meteorite parent body. A study is reported of the matrix and 21 clasts of various sizes (0.2-24 mm) in the Dimmitt H chondrite regolith breccia using petrographic and electron microprobe techniques. In addition, oxygen isotope studies of three clasts and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and Ar-39/Ar-40 age dating of one clast are reported. The Dimmitt meteorite was found about 1942 near Dimmitt, Texas. Attention is given to analytical procedures, the clastic matrix, equilibrated clasts, poikilitic melt-rock clast, clasts of different chondrite groups, graphite-magnetite aggregates, the origin of exotic clasts, and the complexity of parent body surfaces processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 15, 1982 - Mar 19, 1982; Houston, TX
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  • 18
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    The detection of X rays from Jupiter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: X rays in the energy band 0.2-3.0 keV have been detected coming from both polar regions of Jupiter. The observations were made in 1979 and 1981 by using the imaging proportional counter and high resolution imaging detectors on the Einstein X-ray astronomy satellite. The measured flux density of approximately 0.0006/sq cm-sec at earth corresponds to an X ray luminosity of approximately 4 x 10 to the 9th W in the 0.2- to 3.0-keV energy band. The energy spectrum of the X rays is extremely soft and can be characterized by a power law with an exponent of approximately 2.3. Detector energy resolution is insufficient to distinguish a soft line spectrum from a continuum. However, the shape of the response and the observed X ray power indicate that the source of this auroral emission is not electron bremsstrahlung as on the earth, but is most probably line emission from O and S ions with energies between 0.03 and 4.0 MeV/nucleon precipitating from the outer boundary of the Io plasma torus at L approximately 8.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 1
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  • 19
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    Curatorial functions and the U.S. Antarctic meteorite program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The discovery of concentrations of meteorites in Antarctica by Japanese field parties in 1969, and subsequently by joint U.S.-Japanese and U.S. field parties since 1976 has provided a significant new resource for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system. The number of meteorites as well as the variety of meteorites has increased dramatically, and substantial amounts of data derived from their study has begun to appear in the scientific literature. The U.S. program of investigation has drawn on curatorial experience derived from the lunar program to: (1) develop specific collection and preliminary examination protocols; (2) provide documented samples for scientific investigations in response to specific requests; and (3) coordinate research by scientific consortia. The productivity of scientific research is significantly enhanced by these management approaches. Some of the results of the curatorial program for Antarctic meteorites carried out over the past three years are described.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: National Institute of Polar Research, Memoirs (ISSN 0386-0744); 20, D
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  • 20
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    Chemical and isotopic measurements of micrometeoroids by secondary ion mass spectrometry (A0187-2) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objective of this experiment is to measure the chemical and isotopic composition of interplanetary dust particles of mass greater than 10 to the minus 10 power G for most of thermator elements expected to be present.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 131-134
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