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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,257)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (300)
  • 1980-1984  (1,458)
  • 1950-1954  (88)
  • 1930-1934  (11)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyamides. II. Thermal degradation of some aromatic polyamides and their model diamides (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2817-2834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal degradation behavior of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) and poly(chloro-2,4-phenylene isophthalamide) was investigated with the aid of some appropriate model compounds. The pyrolysis products of these materials were identified by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The residual chars were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the effect of end-group concentration on the degradation characteristics of the two polyamides. Kinetic parameters that describe the thermal degradation of the polyamides were also evaluated by TGA. The results of this investigation suggest that the thermal decomposition of these aromatic polyamides involves homolytic as well as hydrolytic cleavages of the amide units.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191115
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physicochemical properties of 21S dynein ATPase binding to A and B subfiber microtubules (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020722
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meeting report (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010112
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic transport in keratocytes: Direct visualization of particle translocation along microtubules (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoplasmic transport ; Saltation ; microtubules ; keratocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report the first direct demonstration that the cytoplasmic transport of organelles and vesicles (collectively called particles) takes place along microtubules. Living keratocytes from the corneal stroma of the frog, Rana pipiens, were observed with Allen video-enhanced constrast, differential interference constrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy [Allen et al, 1981]. In sufficiently thin regions of these cells a network of linear elements was visible. When particles were observed in motion, they always moved along these linear elements. The linear elements remained intact and in focus on the microscope when lysed in a cell lysis solution that stabilized microtubules. Preparations were then fixed in formaldehyde, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated with rabbit antitubulin, washed with PBS, stained with rhodamine-conjugated goat antirabbit, and washed with PBS. The extracted cells continued to remain in place and in focus on the microscope throughout these procedures. The same cells were then observed using epifluorescence optics and a silicon-intensified target (SIT) video camera. A network of fluorescent linear elements was seen to correspond in number, form, and position to the linear elements seen in the live AVEC-DIC image. Taken together, the AVEC-DIC and fluorescence microscopy observations prove that the linear elements along which particles move are microtubules (MTLEs). The observed particle speeds, pause times, and distances moved varied widely, even for the same particle on the same microtubule. Particles were also observed to switch from one microtubule to another as they were transported. The polarity of the microtubules did not seem to affect the particle direction, since particles were observed to move in both directions on the same MTLE. When not in motion these particles behaved as if anchored to the microtubules since they showed negligible Brownian motion. Finally, it was observed that an elongate particle could move onto two intersecting linear elements such that it was deformed into an inverted “Y” shape. This indicates that there may be more than a single site of attachment between the force generator and the particle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970030102
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and pulse NMR analysis of water in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3719-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic three-dimensional methacrylate polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The nature and states of water in these hydrogels were studied by differential thermal analysis and pulse NMR relaxation spectroscopy. The thermal studies showed no endotherm peak for ice melting in the lower water content (bound water region); there are two endotherms peaks for higher water content hydrogels near 0°C. The amounts of bound water, intermediate water, and bulklike (free) water in the hydrogels were determined from a quantitative analysis of the endotherms of the water melting transitions. The water structure ordering in the hydrogels were discussed in terms of the fusion entropy and enthalpy obtained from the endotherm. Nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy was also used to understand the mobilities of the water protons in the hydrogels and the interaction of water molecules with the gel networks. The measured spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) values for water protons in the hydrogels are greatly reduced compared to that of liquid water. The measured values of spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water protons in the hydrogels are approximately 10 times less than that of T1 and are almost constant in the region of bound water content. Beyond the bound water content region in the hydrogels, the T2 values rapidly increase as the water content increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261118
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the adhesive bond properties of allyl 2-cyanoacrylate (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1941-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adhesive bond of allyl 2-cyanoacrylate between steel substrates has been analyzed and compared to that of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Mechanical strength as well as thermomechanical, calorimetric, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical response was observed. It was demonstrated that the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate bonds exhibit improved temperature resistance owing to the formation of heat-induced crosslinks in the adhesive layer, resulting in much improved lap-shear strengths. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces showed that plastic deformation occurred in the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive after thermal aging, while interfacial and brittle failure dominated all other cases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260618
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of cure of tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1011-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The curing reaction of tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and ESR spin trapping techniques. A mechanism has been proposed, and the cure kinetics has been obtained at 177°C. The major conclusion is that cure proceeds mainly through chain extension, while crosslinking occurs through the reaction of hydroxyl groups with epoxides, resulting in formation of ether linkages.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280309
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface oxidation of cis-trans polybutadiene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1269-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Uncrosslinked cis-trans polybutadiene films were prepared on ultraclean glass microscope slides by uniform dipping. The samples were stored in different environments prior to evaluation of surface oxidation by dynamic contact angle using the Wilhelmy plate method and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Storage conditions evaluated were: (1) laboratory air at 20°C and 30% relative humidity; (2) vacuum at 0.1 torr; (3) distilled water equilibrated with air; and (4) degassed distilled water. XPS and contact angle analysis indicate that samples exposed to air undergo significant surface oxidation within 8 h. Exposure of polybutadiene to air-equilibrated water results in slower oxidation. Samples stored in degassed water demonstrated less surface oxidation. Vacuum-stored samples demonstrated the least surface oxidation. Dynamic contact angle measurements demonstrated that receding contact angles are more sensitive to changes in surface oxidation than are advancing contact angles, as expected. Changes in surface wetting characteristics are readily observed after only 1 h in laboratory air, although XPS analysis does not show evidence of oxidation within 4 h of air storage.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270416
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers: Characterization of involatile residuesIssued as NRCC 20850. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 715-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric was degraded under rapid heating conditions and the solid residue characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Fabric samples with and without flame retardant were pyrolyzed in air or nitrogen and spectra-recorded after various percentage weight changes. Dominant species included carboxylic acid end groups and linear anhydrides, based on infrared absorbances before and after chemical treatments of the residues. Vinyl benzoate end groups were clearly precluded, as were cyclic anhydrides. Diffuse reflectance spectra were also compared with spectra obtained by transmission infrared on conventional KBr discs prepared from the same residue. The former technique was shown to be superior to the pressed disc method for the tough residues obtained by thermolysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280226
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