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  • 11
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Molekulargewichtsverteilung eines in Gegenwart von Thymochinon durch thermische Polymerisation erhaltenen Polystyrols wird untersucht. Es handelt sich um eine “wahrscheinlichste Verteilung”Schulz-Verteilung mit dem Kopplungsgrad 1). Die Verteilung stimmt mit der schon früher aus kinetischen Messungen postulierten zusätzlichen Übertragungswirkung des Thymochinons überein.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The molecular weight distribution of polystyrenes, prepared especially carefully by means of radical initiators, has been critically studied once more with respect to the participation of a disproportionation reaction in the bimolecular termination between radical chains. For this reason the influence, which chain termination by primary radicals and chain transfer to monomer exert on the molecular weight distribution, has been evaluated quantitatively. The fraction of polymers consisting of one independently grown chain, which has been determined experimentally by column fractionation, is, however, markedly larger than can be explained by transfer to monomer and chain termination by primary radicals. This difference can only be due to a disproportionation reaction taking place simultaneously with the combination of radical chains, with a percentage of roughly 17% with reference to the total bimolecular termination occurring between two radical chains in the temperature range of 20–50°C.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Molekulargewichtsverteilung von Polystyrolen, die mit Radikalstartern unter besonderen Vorsichtsmaßnahmen hergestellt worden waren, wurde nochmals kritisch im Hinblick auf die Beteiligung der Disproportionierung am gesamten bimolekularen Abbruch untersucht. Dabei wurde auch der Einfluß des Primärradikalabbruchs und der Monomerübertragung auf die Molekulargewichtsverteilung quantitativ erfaßt. Der experimentell durch Säulenfraktionierung festgestellte Anteil an Polymerem vom Kopplungsgrad Eins ist jedoch deutlich größer, als durch Monomerübertragung und durch Primärradikalabbruch erklärt werden kann; für den Differenzbetrag kommt nur eine neben der Kombination zweier Radikalketten verlaufende Disproportionierung in Frage, deren Anteil am gesamten bimolekularen Abbruch zwischen zwei Radikalketten im Temperaturbereich von 20–50°C etwa 17% beträgt.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 1214-1220 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Solutions of polystyrene ; demixing ; pressure ; viscometry ; solubility parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem Viskositätszusammenbruch von Polymerlösungen, der mit dem Eintritt ins Zweiphasengebiet einhergeht, wurde die Druckabhängigkeit der Entmischungstemperaturen für Lösungen von Polystyrol (M = 600.000) in Cyclohexan, Cyclopentan, Diethylmalonat und 1-Phenyldekan bis 1000 bar bestimmt. Die Anwendung von Druck erhöht die Löslichkeit von Polystyrol in Cyclopentan und Diethylmalonat, erniedrigt aber die in 1-Phenyldekan; im Falle von Cyclohexan wird bei ca. 120 bar ein Druck optimaler Mischbarkeit beobachtet. Die Diskussion dieser Ergebnisse, zusammen mit Literaturangaben, zeigt, daß die Druckeinflüsse durch die gängigen Theorien nicht einmal qualitativ vorhergesagt werden können. Für eine einfache Abschätzung der Effekte kann jedoch der Abstand der (oberen) kritischen Entmischungstemperatur,T c, vom Schmelzpunkt des Lösungsmittels,T MP, herangezogen werden: Aus dem vorliegenden Material folgt, daßT c mit dem Druck steigt, wenn (T c —T MP)/T MP (K/K) kleiner ist als 0,20 und fällt, wenn ein Wert von 0,25 überschritten wird.
    Notes: Summary From the break-down in the viscosity of a polymer solution, associated with the entrance into the two phase region, the pressure dependence of the demixing temperatures of solutions of polystyrene (M = 600.000) in cyclohexane, cyclopentane, diethylmalonate and 1-phenyldecane was measured up to 1000 bar. The application of pressure increases the solubility of polystyrene in cyclopentane and diethylmalonate, but decreases that in 1-phenyldecane; in the case of cyclohexane, a pressure of optimum miscibility is observed at ca. 120 bar. The discussion of these findings, together with further information from the literature, demonstrates that current theories cannot even predict the pressure influences qualitatively. For an easy forecast of the effects, the distance of the (upper) critical solution temperature,T c from the melting point of the solvent,T MP, can, however, serve as a guideline: From the present material it can be concluded thatT c is increased by pressure if (T —T MP)/T MP (K/K) is less than 0,20 but decreased it if it exceeds 0,25.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 946-954 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 21 (1982), S. 505-507 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Polystyrene solution ; viscosity ; pressure influence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317 (1984), S. 707-708 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions A rapidly decreasing CS synthesis in developing rat liver was shown. Parallel to the declining rate of CS biosynthesis the activity of xylosyltransferase is reduced. These findings point to a regulatory role of this enzyme in proteochondroitin sulphate synthesis in rat liver. Whether changes in CS synthesis have to be due to a changed synthetic capacity of hepatocytes or to the decreased number of hemopoietic cells in developing rat liver is not yet definitely clear and needs further investigation.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 1 (1980), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 3 (1982), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1277-1291 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viscosity measurements were carried out as a function of pressure and temperature with solutions of polystyrene in eight (endothermal) θ-solvents at the respective critical composition by means of a Searle-type apparatus. A rolling-ball viscometer was used for the investigation of the pure solvents. In all cases the viscosity coefficient increases in a more or less exponential manner when the pressure is raised. For θ-conditions, the volumes of activation of the solutions exceed that of the pure solvent by typically 10-15%. The exact amount of this extra efffect stemming from the presence of the polymer and its variation with temperature can be qualitatively correlated with the heats of mixing. The ratio of the viscosity of the solution at 1000 and 1 bar, respectively, can be varied for a given solvent power (θ-temperature) by the choice of the solvent from ca. 2 (cyclopentane) to 4 (trans-decalin). Within a given system, the maximum effects that can be realized by a change of the solvent power via the variation of temperature ranges from ca. 3 to 6 (tert-butylacetate).
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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