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  • GEOPHYSICS  (859)
  • Chemical Engineering  (340)
  • 1980-1984  (1,199)
  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground based search for the 856.50137/cm R(9.5) and for the 859.76765 R(12.5) transitions of stratospheric (Cl-35)O was made in the solar absorption mode using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected, at about 0.3% absorption levels. The expected lines of ClO in this same region were not detected, even though the optical depth of the ClO lines should be on the order of 0.2% using currently accepted ClO abundances. These infrared measurements suggest that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of 7 less abundant than is indicated by indirect in situ fluorescence measurements, and the upper limit of 2.4x10 to the 13th power molecules/sq cm to the integrated column density of ClO is a factor of over 4 less than is indicted by microwave measurements. Results imply that the release of fluorocarbon precursors of ClO may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone than was previously thought.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83939 , NAS 1.15:83939
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Increased understanding of the chemical phenomena occurring in the troposphere was the research goal. Emphasis was placed on tropospheric impact on environmental quality, including public health, agriculture, climate, and weather.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1062 , L-13855
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The spacecraft remained close to or within a previously unexplored part of the distant (60-220 earth radii) geomagnetic tail nearly continuously from January 1 to March 30, 1983. Analysis of the data reveals that all of the plasma regimes identified previously with near-earth measurements (plasma sheet, low-latitude boundary layer, plasma mantle, lobe, and magnetosheath) remain recognizable in the distant tail. These regimes, however, are found to be intermingled in a more chaotic fashion than near the earth. Within the plasma sheet at approximately 200 earth radii, typical flow velocities are about 500 km/s tailward, considerably higher than in the near-earth plasma sheet. Earthward flow within the plasma sheet is observed occasionally, indicating the temporary presence of a neutral line beyond 220 earth radii. Also found are strong bidirectional electron anisotropies throughout much of the distant plasma sheet, boundary layer, and magnetosheath.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: ISEE 3 data form the basis for a study of the evolution of the electron plasma in the magnetotail lobe and plasma sheet regions as a function of radial distance from the earth. The data were plasma electron and magnetometer measurements taken when the ISEE 3 was tailward of the earth during three different orbits. About 91,000 electron spectra were obtained in terms of the magnetosheath, lobe, plasma sheet and radial downstream distances. The lobe density peaked at 60 earth radii, while the sheet density tapered very slowly downstream. At large downstream distances (about 180 radii), the plasma bulk flow velocity increased significantly, surpassing the solar wind velocity. The bimodal electron flow angle near the earth became a single tailward flow at 180 radii.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11007-11
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Theoretical calculations are presented which estimate the possible magnitude of the O3/H2O derived OH interference signal resulting from the use of the laser-induced fluorescence technique in measuring natural levels of tropospheric OH. Critical to this new assessment has been the measurement of the nascent OH quantum state distribution resulting from the reaction O(1D) + H2O yields 2OH, and an assessment of the subsequent rotational relaxation of the OH species when formed in high k levels.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Jan. 198
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Attention is given to two types of aurorae whose low altitude emissions seem to be due to energy loss from trapped ring current ions or electrons whose energy is of the order of 1 eV. The spectral characteristics which predominate in the first type of aurora indicate direct precipitation of ring current particles as ions, and/or indirect precipitation as energetic neutrals, following charge transfer with exospheric H or O neutrals. The spectral characteristics of the second type indicate excitation by electrons and can yield brighter displays. The time variations of the emissions are found to be closely related to fluctuations of periods shorter than an hour in the magnetograms from nearby observatories.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 572-575
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground-based search for stratospheric 35-ClO was carried out using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer in the solar absorption mode. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected at about 0.2% absorptance levels, but the expected 0.1% lines of ClO in this same region were not seen. We find that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of seven less abundant than is indicated by in situ measurements, and we set an upper limit of 2.3x10 to the 13th molecules/sq cm at the 95% confidence level for the integrated vertical column density of ClO. Our results imply that the release of chlorofluorocarbons may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) than is currently thought.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-85026 , NAS 1.15:85026
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computer automated data acquisition system for atmospheric emittance, and global solar, downwelled diffuse solar, and direct solar irradiances is discussed. Hourly-integrated global solar and atmospheric emitted radiances were measured continuously from February 1981 and hourly-integrated diffuse solar and direct solar irradiances were measured continuously from October 1981. One-minute integrated data are available for each of these components from February 1982. The results of the correlation of global insolation with fractional cloud cover for the first year's data set. A February data set, composed of one-minute integrated global insolation and direct solar irradiance, cloud cover fractions, meteorological data from nearby weather stations, and GOES East satellite radiometric data, was collected to test the theoretical model of satellite radiometric data correlation and develop the cloud dependence for the local measurement site.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-169272 , NAS 1.26:169272
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Contours and gridded values are given for seven years of monthly mean total ozone data derived from observations with the Backscattered Ultraviolet instrument on Nimbus-4 for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The instrument, algorithm, uncertainties in derived ozone and systematic changes in the bias with respect to the international groundbased ozone network of Dobson instruments, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1098 , NAS 1.61:1098 , REPT-82F0128-VOL-1
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Solar radiation measurements are made on a routine basis. Global solar, atmospheric emitted, downwelled diffuse solar, and direct solar radiation measurement systems are fully operational with the first two in continuous operation. Fractional cloud cover measurements are made from GOES imagery or from ground based whole sky photographs. Normalized global solar irradiance values for partly cloudy skies were correlated to fractional cloud cover.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164694
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