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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,207)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (251)
  • 1980-1984  (1,458)
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the poor solvent acetone/ethanol the viscosity of a 3% solution of 12.6% N pyro nitrocellulose is found to be related to the geometric mean of the number average and weight average molecular weights. The fractional increase in the viscosity of such a solution on the addition of lead ß-resorcylate is a function only of number average molecular weight. Once calibration has been made against osmotic pressure measurements and intrinsic viscosity, both number and weight average may be measured rapidly with an accuracy which is no less than that of the osmotic pressure and intrinsic viscosity measurements themselves.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 155-163 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Triphenylmethanfarben als Korrosionsinhibitoren für Aluminium-Kupfer-Legierungen in SalzsäureDie Inhibierung der Korrosion von Aluminium B 26 S in Salzsäure durch Triphenylmethan-, Anthrachinon- und Acridinfarben wurde unter Berücksichtigung von Säurekonzentration, Inhibitordosierung, Versuchsdauer und Temperatur untersucht. Im allgemeinen nimmt bei konstanter Säurekonzentration der Hemmwert von Malachitgrün, Methylviolett 6 B and „light green“ mit der Inhibitorkonzentration zu, während der von Fuchsinbase und Kristallviolett mit zunchmender lnhibitorkonzcntration geringer wird. Bei konstanter Inhibitorkonzentration nimmt andererseits die Wirksamkeit aller untersuchten Verbindungen (mit Ausnahme von Methylviolett 6 B und Acridinorange) mit steigender Säurekonzentration zu. Der Hemmwert aller untersuchten Verbindungen steigt im Temperaturbereich 20-50°C mit der Temperatur, während kein Einfluß der Versuchsdauer zu erkennen ist. Bei einer lnhibitorkonzentration von 0,1% in 0,5 M Salzsäure nimmt der Hemmwert in der folgenden Reihe zu: Fuchsinsäure (32%) 〈 Acridinorange 〈 Fuchsinbase (39%) 〈 Alizarinrot S (46%) 〈 Methylviolett 6 B (50%) 〈 Malachitgrun (64%) 〈 Kristallviolett (70%) 〈 „light green“ (80%).Die Wirkung der Inhibitoren scheint durch Absorption nach einer Langmuir-Adsorptionsisotherme bedingt zu sein. Das wird durch die Korrosionspotentiale bestätigt; allerdings dürfte bei galvanostatischer Polarisation die Kathode bevorzugt polarisiert werden.
    Notes: The inhibition of the corrosion of B 26 S aluminium in HCl solutions by triphenylmethane, anthraquinoid and acridine dyes has been studied in relation to the concentration of acid and inhibitor, duration of immersion and temperature. In general, at constant acid concentration, the inhibiting efficiency of malachite green, methyl violet 6 B and light green increases, whereas that of fuchsine base and crystal violet decreases as the inhibitor concentration increases. At constant inhibitor concentration the efficiency of all the compounds except methyl violet 6 B and acridine orange increases with increasing acid concentration. The inhibitive efficiency of all the compounds increases with temperature in the range 20-50°C, but no dependence can be recognized on the duration of immersion. At an inhibitor concentration of 0.1% in 0.5 M HCl the efficiency increases in the order: fuchsine acid (32%) 〈 acridine orange ≤ fuchsine base (39%) 〈 alizarin red S (46%) 〈 methyl violet 6 B (50%) 〈 malachite green (64%) 〈 crystal violet (70%) 〈 light green (80%).The inhibitors appear to function through adsorption following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the corrosion potentials the inhibitors appear to function through general adsorption but under galvanostatic polarisation conditions, the cathode appears to be preferentially polarised.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoplasmic transport ; Saltation ; microtubules ; keratocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report the first direct demonstration that the cytoplasmic transport of organelles and vesicles (collectively called particles) takes place along microtubules. Living keratocytes from the corneal stroma of the frog, Rana pipiens, were observed with Allen video-enhanced constrast, differential interference constrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy [Allen et al, 1981]. In sufficiently thin regions of these cells a network of linear elements was visible. When particles were observed in motion, they always moved along these linear elements. The linear elements remained intact and in focus on the microscope when lysed in a cell lysis solution that stabilized microtubules. Preparations were then fixed in formaldehyde, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated with rabbit antitubulin, washed with PBS, stained with rhodamine-conjugated goat antirabbit, and washed with PBS. The extracted cells continued to remain in place and in focus on the microscope throughout these procedures. The same cells were then observed using epifluorescence optics and a silicon-intensified target (SIT) video camera. A network of fluorescent linear elements was seen to correspond in number, form, and position to the linear elements seen in the live AVEC-DIC image. Taken together, the AVEC-DIC and fluorescence microscopy observations prove that the linear elements along which particles move are microtubules (MTLEs). The observed particle speeds, pause times, and distances moved varied widely, even for the same particle on the same microtubule. Particles were also observed to switch from one microtubule to another as they were transported. The polarity of the microtubules did not seem to affect the particle direction, since particles were observed to move in both directions on the same MTLE. When not in motion these particles behaved as if anchored to the microtubules since they showed negligible Brownian motion. Finally, it was observed that an elongate particle could move onto two intersecting linear elements such that it was deformed into an inverted “Y” shape. This indicates that there may be more than a single site of attachment between the force generator and the particle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 105 (1982), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylat wurde mit Ethylacrylat und n-Butylacrylat in Masse bei Temperaturen zwischen 60 und 100°C copolymerisiert unter Verwendung von Benzoylperoxid als Initiator. Die Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren wurde durch Hydroxylgruppenbestimmung analysiert; die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden nach der Kelen-Tüdös-Methode berechnet. Die Arrheniusparameter wurden abgeleitet, und die Grenzviskositäten und das thermische Verhalten der Copolymeren wurden ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate has been copolymerized with ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate in bulk at temperatures between 60 and 100°C using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The compositions of copolymers have been analyzed by hydroxyl determination; the reactivity ratios have been calculated by Kelen-Tüdös method. Arrhenius parameters have been derived. The intrinsic viscosities and the thermal behaviours of the copolymers were also studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 99 (1981), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vier verschiedene, mit 3,3′-Sulfonyl-bis(phenylisocyanat) modifizierte Polyimide wurden synthetisiert und die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Polymer-Filme wurden gemessen.
    Notes: The synthesis of four different polyimides modified by 3,3′-sulfonyl-bis(phenyl isocyanate) was achieved and the electrical properties of polymer films were measured.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 104 (1982), S. 145-161 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The determination of internal double bonds in PVC by oxidative chain scission with ozone in tetrachloroethane (TCE)-solution at -20°C can be quickly and easily performed measuring directly the intrinsic viscosities of samples during the reaction. Using a series of PVC-standards, the evaluation of the Mark-Houwink constants for TCE as solvent resulted in K = 0.027 [cm3/g] and α = 0.75. 1H-NMR-spectroscopic studies of the ozonolysis of model compounds as oleic acid and low molecular PVC fractions provided some information on the mechanism of the ozonolytic scission under the applied reaction conditions.
    Notes: Die Bestimmung der internen Doppelbindungen in PVC ist durch oxidative Spaltung mit Ozon in Tetrachlorethan (TCE)-Lösung bei - 20°C schnell und einfach möglich, indem die Grenzviskositäten der vor und während der Ozonolyse entnommenen Proben direkt im Reaktionsmedium ermittelt werden. Die zur Berechnung der Molekulargewichte benötigten und mit einer Reihe von PVC-Eichsubstanzen für TCE ermittelten Konstanten der Viskositäts-Molekulargewichts-Beziehung sind K = 0,027 [cm3/g] und α = 0,75. Durch 1H-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung von Modellverbindungen wie Ölsäure und niedermolekularen Anteilen aus PVC konnte ein Einblick in den Mechanismus der ozonolytischen Spaltung unter den ausgearbeiteten Reaktionsbedingungen erhalten werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of conditions of synthesis on the chemical structure and properties of polymers from symmetric and asymmetric monomers is discussed for polyesters prepared by non-equilibrium polycondensation. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous polycondensation systems are investigated.
    Notes: An durch Nichtgleichgewichtspolykondensation dargestellten Polyestern wird der Einfluß der Synthesebedingungen auf den Aufbau und die Eigenschaften von Polymeren aus symmetrischen und asymmetrischen Ausgangsmonomeren diskutiert. Es werden homogene und heterogene Polykondensationssysteme untersucht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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