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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (135)
  • Physics  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (190)
  • 1984  (190)
  • 11
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    Severe storm electricity (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Severe storms and lightning were measured with a NASA U2 and ground based facilities, both fixed base and mobile. Aspects of this program are reported. The following results are presented: (1) ground truth measurements of lightning for comparison with those obtained by the U2. These measurements include flash type identification, electric field changes, optical waveforms, and ground strike location; (2) simultaneous extremely low frequency (ELF) waveforms for cloud to ground (CG) flashes; (3) the CG strike location system (LLP) using a combination of mobile laboratory and television video data are assessed; (4) continued development of analog-to-digital conversion techniques for processing lightning data from the U2, mobile laboratory, and NSSL sensors; (5) completion of an all azimuth TV system for CG ground truth; (6) a preliminary analysis of both IC and CG lightning in a mesocyclone; and (7) the finding of a bimodal peak in altitude lightning activity in some storms in the Great Plains and on the east coast. In the forms on the Great Plains, there was a distinct class of flash what forms the upper mode of the distribution. These flashes are smaller horizontal extent, but occur more frequently than flashes in the lower mode of the distribution.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 105-107
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Monthly distributions of precipitable water from the Nimbus 7 SMMR data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The first year of data from the Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), covering the period December 1978 through November 1979, was used to study the monthly mean distributions of precipitable water over the global oceans. The water vapor algorithm is based on a multiple regression technique, utilizing three of the higher frequency channels on SMMR. The results obtained are in good agreement with other independent studies. They reveal features associated with other independent studies. They reveal features associated with the general circulation of the atmosphere and the ocean currents. Samples of monthly and annual distributions of precipitable water over oceans are presented, and their characteristics are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5328-533
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Cloud scale influences on mesoscale precipitation patterns (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A two dimensional time dependent finite difference grid cloud model is discussed. The model simulates atmospheric motions, potential temperature, water vapor, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain and small hail. Lateral boundary conditions are open allowing flow in and out of the model domain. Various amounts of convergence were simulated to test the effects on cloud initiation and development. Soundings were run and results discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 183-184
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Regional scale simulation of atmospheric structure using VAS data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Investigations with both Subsynoptic Scale Model (SSM) and Limited Area Mesoscale Prediction System (LAMPS) are directed at model static initializations using Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) derived temperatures and moistures and also satellite derived winds. The general approach for each day's case study is similar. A 12-hour control forecast (no satellite data) is made 12Z-OZ, using a radiosonde analysis at 12Z as the initial field. For the satellite data experiments, reanalyses are performed at intermediate times, using VAS soundings or VAS soundings in combination with satellite winds. Forecasts are subsequently made from the reanalysis time(s) to the same validation hour (OZ) as the control forecasts. Comparisons are then made between the control forecast and satellite experiments.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 151-152
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  • 15
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    Rapid weather information dissemination in Florida (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The development of the Florida Agricultural Services and Technology (FAST) plan to provide ports for users to call for weather information is described. FAST is based on the Satellite Frost Forecast System, which makes a broad base of weather data available to its users. The methods used for acquisition and dissemination of data from various networks under the FAST plan are examined. The system provides color coded IR or thermal maps, precipitation maps, and textural forecast information. A diagram of the system is provided.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
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    Generation of Available Potential Energy and Other Diagnostic Studies During FGGE (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: The energy cycle of the atmosphere was examined by utilizing gridded analyses of the state of the atmosphere produced by a special objective analysis system and the GLAS fourth order general circulation model. The analyses of a month period during the first special observing period of FGGE are produced at GLAS. The various diabatic heating fields necessary for direct computation of the generation of available potential energy (P) are recorded.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Res. Program Review; p 116-121
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
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    Climatology of ozone at altitudes from 19,000 at 59,000 feet based on combined GASP and ozonesonde data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A climatology of ozone for altitudes from FL190 to FL590 (19,000 to 59,000 ft) is presented. Climatological tables are given in two appendixes: one with d deg latitude resolution on a monthly basis, and one with 10 deg latitude resolution on a seasonal basis. Data were taken from 11,472 balloon-borne ozonesondes launched at 60 stations from 1963 to 1980 and from over 160,000 observations made by the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program on 4417 commercial airliner flights from 1975 to 1979. Case study and statistical comparisons of results from these two data sets showed that they are compatible and can be combined. Several examples of analyses that can be made by using the tabulated data are given and discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TP-2303 , E-1626 , NAS 1.60:2303
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
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    Lightning and related phenomena in thunderstorms and squall lines (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the past few years, cooperative research on storm electricity has yielded the following results of both basic and applied interest: (1) the intracloud to cloud-to-ground flashing ratio can be as great as 40:1; (2) as storm cells in a squall line dissipate, longer flashes become predominant; (3) there are two centers of lightning activity maxima that are vertically separated, the lower maximum at about 5 km and the upper at about 12 km. In addition, (4) storms produce lightning in their upper regions at a high rate; (5) lightning appears to be related in time to convective motions; (6) positive cloud-to-ground flashes occur in the severe stage of storms and in the later, well-developed stage of squall line storms; (7) mesoscale convective complexes have been observed to have cloud-to-ground flashing rates of more than 48/min; and (8) the electric field in anvils well away from the main storm core (more than 60 km) can be very high, more than 94 kV/m.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0467
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
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    Effects of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic circulation of an upper tropospheric jet streak (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Higher temporal resolution data from NASA's fourth Atmospheric Variability Experiment (April 24-25, 1975) are used to study the role of diabatic heating within the convective region in altering the ageostrophic mass circulation in the entrance region of the jet streak. The modifying effect this diabatic heating in the mesoscale storm exerts on the synoptic-scale environmental flow through dynamical mechanisms which link the mass circulation of these two scales is examined. The effect of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic motion within the thermally direct circulation of the jet streak and the mesoscale convective complexes is investigated. Diabatic modes of ageostrophic motion that intensify the upper tropospheric jet streak downstream are identified.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 112; 1709-172
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
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    GASP cloud- and particle-encounter statistics and their application to LPC aircraft studies. Volume 1: Analysis and conclusions (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Summary studies are presented for the entire cloud observation archieve from the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP). Studies are also presented for GASP particle concentration data gathered concurrently with the cloud observations. Cloud encounters are shown on about 15 percent of the data samples overall, but the probability of cloud encounter is shown to vary significantly with altitude, latitude, and distance from the tropopause. Several meteorological circulation features are apparent in the latitudinal distribution of cloud cover, and the cloud encounter statistics are shown to be consistent with the classical mid-latitude cyclone model. Observations of clouds spaced more closely than 90 minutes are shown to be statistically dependent. The statistics for cloud and particle encounter are utilized to estimate the frequency of cloud encounter on long range airline routes, and to assess the probability and extent of laminar flow loss due to cloud or particle encounter by aircraft utilizing laminar flow control (LFC). It is shown that the probability of extended cloud encounter is too low, of itself, to make LFC impractical.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-85835-VOL-1 , L-15789-VOL-1 , NAS 1.15:85835-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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