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  • 11
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    Analysis of nitrogen and oxygen far ultraviolet auroral emissions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Far ultraviolet observations of the auroral and airglow provide quantitative diagnostics of atmospheric abundances, energy deposition, and excitation processes because many atmospheric species have resonance transitions in this spectral region. The spectroscopy of an active auroral arc observed above Fort Churchill on March 29, 1978, has been discussed by Feldman and Gentieu (1982). The present investigation attempts to quantify the measurements with the aid of a self-consistent approach used by Meier et al. (1980). It is shown that the primary electron spectrum has a characteristic energy of 1.75-2.5 keV, corresponding to energy deposition rates of 5-8 erg/(sq cm-sec). Atomic nitrogen emissions resulting from molecular dissociative excitation show no evidence of multiple scattering, in contrast to data from other auroras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Apr. 1
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Satellite observations of suprathermal electron bursts (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from the ISIS 2 satellite are used to study the spatial distribution of the suprathermal electron bursts discovered by high-altitude sounding rockets. It is found that the bursts form an integral part of the boundary plasma sheet and are linked with the formation of discrete auroral arcs. The maximum energy of the bursts is always below the peak energy in neighboring discrete forms, and it appears that if the bursts fail to reach the minimum energy found to be necessary to sustain a discrete arc they collapse within a few seconds. It is suggested that in a pass across the auroral oval the overall envelope of the maximum energy in bursts and the peak energy in discrete auroral forms reflect the variation of the available acceleration (perhaps a parallel electric potential) across the auroral oval while the energy structure in individual forms is a function of the nonlinear processes which sustain them. This explanation appears to resolve the apparent discrepancy in scale thickness between rocket and satellite inverted V's.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Apr. 1
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  • 13
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    Chorus-related electrostatic bursts in the earth's outer magnetosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Studies of wideband plasma wave data from the ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 spacecraft are reported which reveal that whistler-mode chorus emissions in the earth's outer magnetosphere are often accompanied by high-frequency bursts of electrostatic noise. The chorus features that correlate to the electrostatic bursts have a hook-like frequency-time variation in the frequency range 200-400 Hz, and the associated electrostatic bursts have a frequency range of about 4-8 kHz. In some cases these electrostatic bursts have a harmonic frequency structure with a frequency spacing corresponding to the chorus frequency. This harmonic structure apparently results from the fact that the burst intensity is modulated at the chorus frequency.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 295; Jan. 7
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  • 14
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    H2O2 levels in rainwater collected in south Florida and the Bahama Islands (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements of H2O2 in rainwater collected in Miami, Florida, and the Bahama Islands area indicate the presence of H2O2 concentration levels ranging from 100,000 to 700,000 M. No systematic trends in H2O2 concentration were observed during an individual storm, in marked contrast to the behavior of other anions for example, NO3(-), SO4(-2), and Cl(-). The data suggest that a substantial fraction of the H2O2 found in precipitation is generated by aqueous-phase reactions within the cloudwater rather than via rainout and washout of gaseous H2O2.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; June 20
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  • 15
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    Thermospheric molecular oxygen (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thermospheric studies to date have relied heavily on model values of O2 concentration, which are in turn indirectly derived. This paper reports the results of a comparison of a large data base of directly measured O2 concentrations with the concentrations obtained from the MSIS model atmosphere. For concentrations of 10 billion/cu cm the direct measurements are larger than the model values by up to 50%. For concentrations of 100 million/cu cm the measured values are in agreement with the model to within 10%. A comparison is made of the computed major thermospheric species by using both the MSIS and the measured O2 concentrations. The impact is largest in the odd nitrogen species NO, N(S-4), and N(+), where the difference in concentration can be as much as 70%, and also on O2(+).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
    Format: text
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  • 16
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    Thermal fluctuations and the diffuse electrostatic emissions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The suggestion that the weak-banded electrostatic emissions observed in the magnetosphere at frequencies between the electron gyrofrequency and upper hybrid frequency are thermal fluctuations is quantitatively explored, by means of a hot-cold model for dayside electron distributions with density and temperature ratios much greater than unity. It is determined that, for typical dayside conditions, the observed waves are weakly damper Bernstein-Harris modes whose spectral density and polarization, perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, can be accounted for by the theory. It is suggested that the formalism developed may be applicable to weak electron cyclotron emissions at Jupiter and Saturn, and can be extended to lower-frequency ion cyclotron fluctuations by modifying the theory to include ion contributions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
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  • 17
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    Rate constant for the reaction NH2 + NO from 216 to 480 K (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The absolute rate constant was measured by the technique of flash photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (FP-LIF). NH2 radicals were produced by the flash photolysis of ammonia and the fluorescent NH2 photons were measured by multiscaling techniques. At each temperature, the results were independent of variations in total pressure, and flash intensity. The results are compared with previous determinations using the techniques of mass spectrometry, absorption spectroscopy, laser absorption spectroscopy, and laser induced fluorescence. The implications of the results are discussed with regard to combustion, post combustion, and atmospheric chemistry. The results are also discussed theoretically.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83928 , NAS 1.15:83928
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    Characteristics of middle and upper tropospheric clouds as deduced from rawinsonde data (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The static environment of middle and upper tropospheric clouds is characterized. Computed relative humidity with respect to ice is used to diagnose the presence of cloud layer. The deduced seasonal mean cloud cover estimates based on this technique are shown to be reasonable. The cases are stratified by season and pressure thickness, and the dry static stability, vertical wind speed shear, and Richardson number are computed for three layers for each case. Mean values for each parameter are presented for each stratification and layer. The relative frequency of occurrence of various structures is presented for each stratification. The observed values of each parameter and the observed structure of each parameter are quite variable. Structures corresponding to any of a number of different conceptual models may be found. Moist adiabatic conditions are not commonly observed and the stratification based on thickness yields substantially different results for each group.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: CSU-ATS-327 , Initial Studies of Middle and Upper Tropospheric Stratiform Clouds (ISSN 0067-0340); 78 p
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  • 19
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    Airborne aerosol measurements in the quiescent plume of Mount Saint Helens September, 1980 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study of the emissions from the Mt. St. Helens volcano was conducted to obtain data for an assessment of the importance of volcanoes as a global source of volatile trace elements to the atmosphere and to the global biochemical cycles of these elements. Sampling was done on board an Orion P-3 turboprop aircraft modified for tropospheric aerosol and gas sampling. Two filter collection systems were used. Samples were collected on a single flight on September 22, 1980, at which time the volcano was emitting a stable plume to an altitude of between 2 and 3 km. The results regarding the concentrations of aerosols obtained for this mission are presented in a table. Attention is also given to data concerning particulate vs. gas phase sulfur in the Mt. Saint Helens plume, and the estimated volcanic particle flux of selected volatile elements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Sept
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  • 20
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    Polar views of the earth's aurora with Dynamics Explorer (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary examination of the first global auroral images gained with the vacuum-ultraviolet imaging photometer on board DE 1 reveals a remarkable spatial configuration of auroral luminosities. Frequently the northern auroral oval is bifurcated by a sun-aligned arc extending from the midday auroral zone to the nighttime sector of the oval. Simultaneous plasma measurements with the low-altitude DE-2 spacecraft are used to show that the character of plasmas above the polar arc is similar to those found over the poleward zones of the auroral oval. The spatial distribution of auroral luminosities is suggestive of a two-cell structure of current systems and convection electric fields over the earth's polar cap and a similar division of the corresponding lobe in the magnetotail.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A120557 , Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Sept
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