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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Cell-cell contacts are fundamental to multicellular organisms and are subject to exquisite levels of control. Human RPTPmu is a type IIB receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that both forms an adhesive contact itself and is involved in regulating adhesion by dephosphorylating components of cadherin-catenin complexes. Here we describe a 3.1 angstrom crystal structure of the RPTPmu ectodomain that forms a homophilic trans (antiparallel) dimer with an extended and rigid architecture, matching the dimensions of adherens junctions. Cell surface expression of deletion constructs induces intercellular spacings that correlate with the ectodomain length. These data suggest that the RPTPmu ectodomain acts as a distance gauge and plays a key regulatory function, locking the phosphatase to its appropriate functional location.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aricescu, A Radu -- Siebold, Christian -- Choudhuri, Kaushik -- Chang, Veronica T -- Lu, Weixian -- Davis, Simon J -- van der Merwe, P Anton -- Jones, E Yvonne -- 081894/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G9722488/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900061/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1217-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Receptor Structure Research Group, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, Division of Structural Biology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/enzymology ; Conserved Sequence ; Dimerization ; Fibronectins/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the least curable (ABC) subtype of DLBCL, survival of the malignant cells is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. In normal B cells, antigen receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation requires CARD11, a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein. To determine whether CARD11 contributes to tumorigenesis, we sequenced the CARD11 gene in human DLBCL tumors. We detected missense mutations in 7 of 73 ABC DLBCL biopsies (9.6%), all within exons encoding the coiled-coil domain. Experimental introduction of CARD11 coiled-coil domain mutants into lymphoma cell lines resulted in constitutive NF-kappaB activation and enhanced NF-kappaB activity upon antigen receptor stimulation. These results demonstrate that CARD11 is a bona fide oncogenein DLBCL, providing a genetic rationale for the development of pharmacological inhibitors of the CARD11 pathway for DLBCL therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lenz, Georg -- Davis, R Eric -- Ngo, Vu N -- Lam, Lloyd -- George, Thaddeus C -- Wright, George W -- Dave, Sandeep S -- Zhao, Hong -- Xu, Weihong -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Ott, German -- Muller-Hermelink, Hans Konrad -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Connors, Joseph M -- Rimsza, Lisa M -- Campo, Elias -- Jaffe, Elaine S -- Delabie, Jan -- Smeland, Erlend B -- Fisher, Richard I -- Chan, Wing C -- Staudt, Louis M -- UO1-CA84967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1676-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153629. Epub 2008 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Guanylate Cyclase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; NF-kappa B ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: The CD4 antigen is a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. the extracellular portion of CD4 is predicted to fold into four immunoglobulin-like domains. The crystal structure of the third and fourth domains of rat CD4 was solved at 2.8 angstrom resolution and shows that both domains have immunoglobulin folds. Domain 3, however, lacks the disulfide between the beta sheets; this results in an expansion of the domain. There is a difference of 30 degrees in the orientation between domains 3 and 4 when compared with domains 1 and 2. The two CD4 fragment structures provide a basis from which models of the overall receptor can be proposed. These models suggest an extended structure comprising two rigid portions joined by a short and possibly flexible linker region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, R L -- Dodson, E J -- Dodson, G G -- Lange, G -- Davis, S J -- Williams, A F -- Barclay, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):979-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of York, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Sequence Alignment ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 1994-05-06
    Description: Microtubule dynamic instability underlies many cellular functions, including spindle morphogenesis and chromosome movement. The role of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis in dynamic instability was investigated by introduction of four mutations into yeast beta-tubulin at amino acids 103 to 109, a site thought to participate in GTP hydrolysis. Three of the mutations increased both the assembly-dependent rate of GTP hydrolysis and the average length of steady-state microtubules over time, a measure of dynamic instability. The fourth mutation did not substantially affect the rate of GTP hydrolysis or the steady-state microtubule lengths. These results demonstrate that the rate of GTP hydrolysis can modulate microtubule length and hence dynamic instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, A -- Sage, C R -- Dougherty, C A -- Farrell, K W -- GM 41751/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 6;264(5160):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Microtubules/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry ; Tubulin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 1994-11-04
    Description: The EPH-related transmembrane tyrosine kinases constitute the largest known family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases, with many members displaying specific patterns of expression in the developing and adult nervous system. A family of cell surface-bound ligands exhibiting distinct, but overlapping, specificities for these EPH-related kinases was identified. These ligands were unable to act as conventional soluble factors. However, they did function when presented in membrane-bound form, suggesting that they require direct cell-to-cell contact to activate their receptors. Membrane attachment may serve to facilitate ligand dimerization or aggregation, because antibody-mediated clustering activated previously inactive soluble forms of these ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S -- Gale, N W -- Aldrich, T H -- Maisonpierre, P C -- Lhotak, V -- Pawson, T -- Goldfarb, M -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Ephrin-A1 ; Ephrin-B1 ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Receptor, EphA5 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*metabolism ; Solubility ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994-08-05
    Description: The osmotic balance between the cytoplasmic and extracellular compartments of cells is critical for the control of cell volume. A mammalian protein kinase, Jnk, which is a distant relative of the mitogen-activated protein kinase group, was activated by phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine in osmotically shocked cells. The activation of Jnk may be relevant to the biological response to osmotic shock because the expression of human Jnk in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rescued a defect in growth on hyper-osmolar media. These data indicate that related protein kinases may mediate osmosensing signal transduction in yeast and mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galcheva-Gargova, Z -- Derijard, B -- Wu, I H -- Davis, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):806-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Activation ; Genetic Complementation Test ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmotic Pressure ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1993-03-19
    Description: Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins is required for signal transduction in cells and for growth regulation. A mitogen-induced gene (PAC-1) has been cloned from human T cells and encodes a 32-kilodalton protein that contains a sequence that defines the enzymatic site of known protein phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Other than this sequence, PAC-1 is different from several other known related PTPases exemplified by PTP-1b. PAC-1 is similar to a phosphatase induced by mitogens or heat shock in fibroblasts, a yeast gene, and a vaccinia virus-encoded serine-tyrosine phosphatase (VH1). PAC-1 was predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues and localized to the nucleus in transfected COS-7 cells and in mitogen-stimulated T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohan, P J -- Davis, P -- Moskaluk, C A -- Kearns, M -- Krutzsch, H -- Siebenlist, U -- Kelly, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7681221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Conserved Sequence ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Mice ; Mitogens/*pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA/analysis ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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