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  • 11
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Early experimental indications4"6 of the occurrence of a first-order transition in the vortex state of untwinned YBa2Cu3O7_(5 came from a sharply vanishing in-plane resistivity which showed hysteresis along a phase boundary Hm(T) (with H parallel to the c axis of the crystal). However, the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 934-938 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 7 (1998), S. 3-16 
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Schlagwort(e): Backpropagation ; Data fusion ; Ionogram ; Multi-layer perceptron
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Data fusion (integration) techniques are combined with MultiLayer Feedforward (backpropagation) neural networks in order to improve the inversion —extraction of the key describing parameters — of oblique-incidence ionograms (plots of apparent height of reflection versus transmission frequency). Two separate investigations were undertaken: first, the incorporation of vertical ionogram data to improve inversion; and secondly, the fusion of ionogram data gathered from a 2D array of ionosondes (the ground-based radio frequency transmitters). With the former, the average percentage errors obtained by incorporating data fusion dropped by a factor of five when compared with single ionogram inversion. Moreover, gradients of ionospheric parameters (critical frequency, layer height and thickness) were also obtained. In the case of the latter, the error rate dropped by a similar factor, and by even more when vertical ionograms were incorporated. Better results were forthcoming when a hierarchical network was used to invert the ionograms prior to fusion, compared with directly fusing the ionogram array data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 44 (1995), S. 151-161 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): limestone ; coral ; dolomite ; calcite ; particle size ; efficiency ; soil acidity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The relative performance of 12 commercial liming materials from southern Australia was evaluated in a field trial. The materials included 6 calcitic limestones, 3 coralline limestones, 1 earthy limestone and 2 dolomites. All 12 materials were chemically and physically analysed and assessed for their ability to change soil pH. Chemical efficiency% was taken to be the traditional CaC03 - equivalent mass. The particle size analysis of each material was used to predict its physical efficiency% on the basis of our particle size model for calcitic limestones: △ pH =a -b log (particle diameter) wherea = 2.875 andb = 0.697 for a 5 t ha−1 application rate at this trial site. The relationship is mathematically valid for particle diameters between 1 and 13,000µm. All commercial materials were applied at 5 t ha−1. The particle size model was determined independently but concurrently at the same site. The model for physical efficiency % was expressed relative to a microfine grade of limestone (99% 〈 75µm) which makes it transferable to other sites. The product of relative physical efficiency % and chemical efficiency (CaCO3 equivalent)% was used to predict the total efficiency % of each liming material in increasing soil pH. A comparison of the predicted total efficiency % was made with the actual total efficiency% of the 12 materials as measured in the field. During the first cropping season the model predicted the performance of the 6 calcitic limes: predicted = 0.94 actual + 3.95r = 0.97 The slope was not significantly different to unity nor the intercept to zero. The dolomites performed, on average, 15% poorer than predicted by the calcite-based model while the softer limes (coralline and earthy) performed 20% better than predicted. By 12 to 24 months these differences were attenuated and 10 of the 12 products were well predicted by the model. The performance of liming materials in increasing soil pH is considered to be the result of chemical composition (base content), particle size and the solubility of the dominant mineral. We propose the use of our predictive model to evaluate the relative total efficiency % of liming materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 100 (1997), S. 291-304 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Human centromeres have been extensively studied over the past two decades. Consequently, more is known of centromere structure and organization in humans than in any other higher eukaryote species. Recent advances in the construction of a human (or mammalian) artificial chromosome have fostered increased interest in determining the structure and function of fully functional human centromeres. Here, we present an overview of currently identified human centromeric repetitive DNA families: their discoveries, molecular characterization, and organization with respect to other centromeric repetitive DNA families. A brief examination of some functional based studies is also included.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Schlagwort(e): 74.25.Bt ; 74.25.Ha
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Specific-heat measurements with improved precision on two new samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ with relatively low concentrations of paramagnetic centers are reported. For one sample the measurements were made for different values of δ. The data are analyzed, and the data reported earlier for another sample reanalyzed, with an improved fitting expression. In each case, the data give a well defined H1/2T term in the mixed state. No persuasive evidence for a T2 term in the superconducting state is found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Schlagwort(e): 74.25.Bt ; 74.25.Ha
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Specific heat data on two samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ with relatively low concentrations of paramagnetic centers show the presence of both spin-2 and spin-1/2 moments. Measurements on one sample following incremental increases in δ show that for δ≤0.2 approximately one spin-1/2 moment is produced for each 100 O vacancies, with no substantial increase in the linear term of the specific heat. For several reasons it is concluded that these O-vacancy related moments are different from those that have figured in previously reported correlations with parameters characteristic of the superconductivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé: Il existe des eaux souterraines sous le nord du désert de Chihuahuan (Trans-Pecos, Texas) à la fois dans des aquifères carbonatés et détritiques siliceux, surmontés par une épaisse zone non saturée et dans les alluvions peu profondes du rio Grande. L'évolution hydrochimique des eaux souterraines a étéétudiée à partir d'analyses de sols, de lixiviats de sols, de sédiments de cuvettes endoréïques, d'eaux de la zone non saturée et d'eaux des trois principaux aquifères. Les relations ioniques, les états de saturation des minéraux dissous et une modélisation géochimique montrent que les compositions des eaux souterraines sont contrôlées par les réactions dans la zone non saturée, par la minéralogie des sédiments non saturés et des formations aquifères qui ne sont pas touchés par l'irrigation est à l'origine marquée par Ca et HCO3, du fait de la dissolution des sels carbonatés de surface. L'écoulement continu et les interactions eau-minéraux maintiennent la saturation vis-à-vis de la calcite et de la dolomite, produisent une dissolution du gypse et provoquent des échanges entre Ca et Mg dissous et Na adsorbé pour donner aux eaux un fadiès sulfaté sodique. Le faciès de l'eau souterraine des alluvions du Rio Grande est chloruré sodique, conformément à la composition de l'eau de la rivière et aux effets de l'irrigation, de l'évapotranspiration et de la reconcentration des sels en surface. Ces Résultats donnent des informations sur deux types d'évolution hydrochimique des eaux souterraines en zones arides. Si la recharge est due à des précipitations faiblement minéralisées, des changements significatifs du chimisme de l'eau peuvent se produire en zone non saturée, les échanges d'ions peuvent être aussi importants que les réactions de dissolution – précipitation dans la détermination de la composition chimique des eaux souterraines et les réactions eau – minéraux contrôlent à la fin la composition chimique des eaux souterraines. Si la recharge est assurée par l'eau d'irrigation dont la minéralisation est dès le début notable, les réactions eau – minéraux sont moins importantes que la composition de l'eau d'irrigation dans la détermination du chimisme des eaux souterraines.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen: Las aguas subterráneas bajo la parte norte del Desierto de Chihuahua, Trans-Pecos, Texas, se encuentran en acuíferos tanto cabonatados como silicoclásticos, bajo una zona no saturada de gran espesor y en el aluvial superficial del Río Grande. La evolución hidroquímica de las aguas subterráneas se estudió mediante los análisis de suelos, lixiviados, rellenos, agua de la zona no saturada, y aguas de tres acuíferos principales. Las relaciones iónicas, los estados de saturación del mineral y la modelación geoquímica muestran que la composición del agua subterránea está controlada por las reacciones en la zona no saturada, la mineralogía de sedimentos y acuíferos, la posición en el sistema de flujo subterráneo y el riego extensivo. La recarga a los acuíferos no afectados por riegos es inicialmente del tipo bicarbonatado-cálcica, como resultado de la disolución de sales carbonatadas en superficie. Bajo flujo e interacción agua-mineral continuados, la saturación con calcita y dolomita se mantiene, el yeso se disuelve y el calcio y magneso en disolución se intercambian con el sodio adsorbido, dando lugar a aguas sulfatado-sódicas. Las aguas subterráneas en el aluvial del Río Grande son del tipo clorurado-sódicas, reflejando composición de agua de río y los efectos de riego, evaportanspiración y reciclaje de la sal superficial. Estos resultados representan dos posibles caminos de evolución hidroquímica para las aguas subterráneas en zonas áridas. Si la recarga procede de la precipitación, pueden ocurrir cambios importantes en la química del agua en la zona no saturada, el intercambio íonico puede ser tan importante como las reacciones de disolución-precipitación para determinar la composición del agua y las reacciones agua-mineral son las que finalmente controlan la composición del agua. Si la recarga proviene del riego con un agua que ya contenía una cantidad apreciable de solutos, las reacciones agua-mineral son menos importantes que la composicón del agua de riego para determinar la química del agua.
    Notizen: Abstract: Groundwater beneath the northern Chihuahuan Desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA, occurs in both carbonate and siliciclastic aquifers beneath a thick unsaturated zone in shallow Rio Grande alluvium. Groundwater hydrochemical evolution was investigated by analyzing soils, soils leachates, bolson-fill sediments, water from the unsaturated zone, and groundwater from three major aquifers. Ionic relations, mineral saturation states, and geochemical modeling show that groundwater compositions are controlled by reactions in the unsaturated zone, mineralogy of unsaturated sediments and aquifers, position in the groundwater flow system, and extensive irrigation. Recharge to aquifers unaffected by irrigation is initially a Ca-HCO3 type as a result of dissolving carbonate surficial salts. With continued flow and mineral-water interaction, saturation with calcite and dolomite is maintained, gypsum is dissolved, and aqueous Ca and Mg are exchanged for adsorbed Na to produce a Na-SO4 water. Groundwater in Rio Grande alluvium is a Na-Cl type, reflecting river-water composition and the effects of irrigation, evapotranspiration, and surficial salt recycling. These results document two hydrochemical evolution paths for groundwater in arid lands. If recharge is dilute precipitation, significant changes in water chemistry can occur in unsaturated media, ion exchange can be as important as dissolution-precipitation reactions in determining groundwater composition, and mineral-water reactions ultimately control groundwater composition. If recharge is return flow of irrigation water that already contains appreciable solutes, mineral-water reactions are less important than irrigation-water composition in determining groundwater chemistry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 29-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Schlagwort(e): Solar wind ; UV spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Spartan 201 is a shuttle deployed spacecraft that is scheduled to perform ultraviolet spectroscopy and white light polarimetry of the extended solar corona during two 40 hour missions to occur in September 1994 and August 1995. The spectroscopy is done with an ultraviolet coronal spectrometer which measures the intensity and spectral line profile of HI Lyα up to heliocentric heights of 3.5 solar radii. It also measures the intensities of the OVI doublet at 1032 and 1037 Å and of Fe XII at 1242 Å. The HI Lyα line profile measurements are used to determine the random velocity distribution of coronal protons along the line-of-sight. The absolute HI Lyα intensities can be used together with electron densities from the white light coronagraph to estimate electron temperatures from hydrogen ionization balance calculations, and bulk outflow velocities from models of Doppler dimmed resonant scattering. Intensities of minor ion lines are used to determine coronal abundances and outflow velocities of O5+. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of extended coronal regions from the 11 April 1993 mission of Spartan 201 are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 41 (1998), S. 293-305 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Schlagwort(e): 32P soil injection ; 32P uptake ; root activity ; tree density
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract To acquire information on the nature of belowground interactions in intercropping system involving ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston, their root activity was evaluated based on 32P recovery by each species in mixed and sole crop situations. Treatments included two Ailanthus densities (1,111 and 3,333 tress ha−1) and four lateral distances of 32P application (10 and 20 cm from the treated ginger plant and 20 and 40 cm from the treated Ailanthus trees). Recovery of 32P in ginger foliage increased with time, irrespective of tree population density and lateral distance of isotope application. Lack of significant variations in 32P recovery as a function of tree population density suggests that tree density is probably not a strong determinant of belowground competition in the well-fertilised, manured and mulched system studied (at least till four years after tree planting). Nonetheless, neighbouring Ailanthus trees absorbed a substantial potion of the 32P supplied to ginger. This, in turn, suggests that the effective root zones of ginger and Ailanthus may overlap. Data on 32P uptake of Ailanthus suggest that 41% to 59% of the root activity is concentrated within a zone of about 40-cm distance from the trunk. Neighbouring trees in the high density stands absorbed significantly more 32P than those in low density stands (P 〈 0.01 at 30 and 45 days after 32P application). Our observations also suggest that competition between the tree and the herbaceous crop for nutrients applied to the tree component is unlikely in the Ailanthus-ginger mixed species system studied. Therefore, from a crop management perspective, it is better to fertilise the herbaceous component of the mixed species system adequately, as it will also benefit the tree component. Nutrient use efficiency may be higher under such situations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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