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  • 2000-2004  (381)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation and velocity effects in the global positioning system (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6513-6525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a simple model of the signals transmitted by global positioning system (GPS) satellites and of the reception of these signals by a GPS receiver, neglecting atmospheric effects. The model idealizes the receiver and transmitter as electric dipole antennas. We derive the open-circuit voltage induced in the antenna of the receiver as a function of time, position, velocity, and orientation of the respective antenna. As an application of this model, we show that by using a single dipole antenna, a user of the GPS can compute his position, time, and two angles of attitude, by tracking the phases of the open-circuit antenna voltages for six GPS satellites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1417993
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HUMAN NONSYNDROMIC SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 4 (2003), S. 341-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1527-8204
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Given the unique biological requirements of sound transduction and the selective advantage conferred upon a species capable of sensitive sound detection, it is not surprising that up to 1% of the approximately 30,000 or more human genes are necessary for hearing. There are hundreds of monogenic disorders for which hearing loss is one manifestation of a syndrome or the only disorder and therefore is nonsyndromic. Herein we review the supporting evidence for identifying over 30 genes for dominantly and recessively inherited, nonsyndromic, sensorineural deafness. The state of knowledge concerning their biological roles is discussed in the context of the controversies within an evolving understanding of the intricate molecular machinery of the inner ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110347
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ageing The old worm turns more slowly (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 794-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first considered as a model for the study of ageing some 20 years ago, few foresaw how valuable it would prove to be. The past decade, in particular, has seen an explosion of work on the genetics of lifespan in this species. Building on pioneering ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419794a
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why do we age? (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The evolutionary theory of ageing explains why ageing occurs, giving valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the complex cellular and molecular changes that contribute to senescence. Such understanding also helps to clarify how the genome shapes the ageing process, thereby aiding the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35041682
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural basis for antagonist-mediated recruitment of nuclear co-repressors by PPAR α (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 813-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Repression of gene transcription by nuclear receptors is mediated by interactions with co-repressor proteins such as SMRT and N-CoR, which in turn recruit histone deacetylases to the chromatin. Aberrant interactions between nuclear receptors and co-repressors contribute towards acute ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415813a
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 552-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Islands are considered to be natural laboratories in which to examine evolution because of the implicit assumption that limited gene flow allows tests of evolutionary processes in isolated replicates. Here we show that this well-accepted idea requires re-examination. Island inundation during ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02143
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 513-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the oceans, heat, salt and nutrients are redistributed much more easily within water masses of uniform density than across surfaces separating waters of different densities. But the magnitude and distribution of mixing across density surfaces are also important for the Earth's climate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01507
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Risk Assessment for Occupational Acrylonitrile Exposure Using Epidemiology Data (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The extensive data from the Blair et al.(1) epidemiology study of occupational acrylonitrile exposure among 25,460 workers in eight plants in the United States provide an excellent opportunity to update quantitative risk assessments for this widely used commodity chemical. We employ the semiparametric Cox relative risk (RR) regression model with a cumulative exposure metric to model cause-specific mortality from lung cancer and all other causes. The separately estimated cause-specific cumulative hazards are then combined to provide an overall estimate of age-specific mortality risk. Age-specific estimates of the additional risk of lung cancer mortality associated with several plausible occupational exposure scenarios are obtained. For age 70, these estimates are all markedly lower than those generated with the cancer potency estimate provided in the USEPA acrylonitrile risk assessment.(2) This result is consistent with the failure of recent occupational studies to confirm elevated lung cancer mortality among acrylonitrile-exposed workers as was originally reported by O'Berg,(3) and it calls attention to the importance of using high-quality epidemiology data in the risk assessment process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00461.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impedance match equation of state experiments using indirectly laser-driven multimegabar shocks (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1721-1733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of equation of state (EOS) points on the principal Hugoniots of Cu, Au, Pb and the plastics Parylene-C and brominated CH at multimegabar pressures have been made using the 1 TW HELEN laser at AWE. The aim was 1% accuracy in shock velocity measurement (3%–4% in pressure) in order to compare with data from gas-gun and nuclear underground test experiments and the theoretical EOS's based on, or supported by, these data. Experiments comprised a hohlraum heated by two 500 J, 0.53 μm wavelength, 1 ns Gaussian laser pulses generating an x-ray flux which drove a shock into a target consisting of a base, with steps of a known EOS material and of the material of unknown EOS. Shock breakout from base and steps was detected by monitoring light emission from the target with optical streak cameras and shock velocities were derived from the transit times across the known-height steps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465419
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attitude determination from single-antenna carrier-phase measurements (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4677-4684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model of carrier phase measurement (as carried out by a satellite navigation receiver) is formulated based on electromagnetic theory. The model shows that the phase of the open-circuit voltage induced in the receiver antenna with respect to a local oscillator (in the receiver) depends on the relative orientation of the receiving and transmitting antennas. The model shows that using a single receiving antenna, and making carrier phase measurements to seven satellites, the three-axis attitude of a user platform (in addition to its position and time) can be computed relative to an initial point. This measurement model can also be used to create high-fidelity satellite signal simulators that take into account the effect of platform rotation as well as translation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448871
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