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  • 2020-2023  (68)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-04-21
    Description: To constrain seismic anisotropy under and around the Alps in Europe, we study SKS shear wave splitting from the region densely covered by the AlpArray seismic network. We apply a technique based on measuring the splitting intensity, constraining well both the fast orientation and the splitting delay. Four years of teleseismic earthquake data were processed, from 723 temporary and permanent broad-band stations of the AlpArray deployment including ocean-bottom seismometers, providing a spatial coverage that is unprecedented. The technique is applied automatically (without human intervention), and it thus provides a reproducible image of anisotropic structure in and around the Alpine region. As in earlier studies, we observe a coherent rotation of fast axes in the western part of the Alpine chain, and a region of homogeneous fast orientation in the Central Alps. The spatial variation of splitting delay times is particularly interesting though. On one hand, there is a clear positive correlation with Alpine topography, suggesting that part of the seismic anisotropy (deformation) is caused by the Alpine orogeny. On the other hand, anisotropic strength around the mountain chain shows a distinct contrast between the Western and Eastern Alps. This difference is best explained by the more active mantle flow around the Western Alps. The new observational constraints, especially the splitting delay, provide new information on Alpine geodynamics. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1996–2015
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Colombia goza del estatus de nación pluricultural; este hecho se ve reflejado en las diversas manifestaciones y expresiones de su idiosincrasia que existen a lo largo de su vasto territorio, bañado por ríos en todos sus rincones, que desembocan en dos océanos, de esta forma prevalecen culturas ancestrales que se mantienen en el tiempo y otras por identificar. La Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta alberga poblaciones en un constante contacto con el entorno natural, donde se han construido complejos sistemas urbanos alrededor de los cuerpos de agua. La investigación del ‘Ciclo urbano del agua en el corregimiento de Nueva Venecia en el municipio de Sitionuevo (Magdalena)’, en el asentamiento palafítico en medio de la ciénaga El Pajaral, permitió reconocer aspectos propios de la cultura de sus pobladores y su intrínseca relación con el agua, tanto para su consumo, como parte fundamental de su territorio, destacando su valor histórico, cultural y con potencial patrimonial. Dichas particularidades del área de estudio pueden transformar el concepto de la cultura anfibia que diversos sociólogos han construido y aceptado para poblaciones ubicadas principalmente en los afluentes del río Magdalena o la depresión Momposina. De esta forma se propone el concepto de cultura acuática como una derivación de la cultura anfibia, que cobra un sentido lógico si se analiza desde una mirada urbana en torno a la gestión del agua en Nueva Venecia.
    Description: Colombia enjoys the status of a multicultural nation; This fact is reflected in the various manifestations and expressions of its idiosyncrasy that exist throughout its vast territory, bathed by rivers in all its corners, which flow into two oceans, in this way ancestral cultures prevail that are maintained in the time and others to identify. The Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta houses populations in constant contact with the natural environment and they have built complex urban systems around bodies of water. The investigation of the Urban Water Cycle in the township of Nueva Venecia in the municipality of Sitionuevo-Magdalena, in the palafitic settlement in the middle of the El Pajaral swamp, allowed us to recognize aspects of the culture of its inhabitants and its intrinsic relationship with water, both for its consumption, as a fundamental part of its territory, highlighting its historical, cultural and potential heritage value. Said particularities of the study area can transform the concept of amphibian culture that various sociologists have built and accepted for populations located mainly in the tributaries of the Magdalena River or the Momposina Depression. In this way, the concept of aquatic culture is proposed as a derivation of the amphibian culture and that takes on a logical sense if it is analyzed from an urban perspective around the management of water in Nueva Venecia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Ciclo urbano del agua ; Cultura acústica ; Cultura anfibia ; Vivienda vernácula ; Construcción palafítica ; Gestión del agua ; ASFA_2015::C::Cultures ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydrology ; ASFA_2015::G::Geological history ; ASFA_2015::L::Living resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.37-50
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is considered the most dangerous volcano in Europe and is currently in a new phase of unrest (started in 2000 and still ongoing) that has persisted intermittently for several decades (main crisis occurred from 1950-52, 70-72 and 82-84). Here, by combining the petrological and geochemical data collected in recent decades with numerical simulations, we place new constraints on the source(s) of the current dynamics of the volcano. In particular, we show that the measured (N2-He-CO2) geochemical changes at the fumaroles of Solfatara hydrothermal site are the result of massive (about 3 km3) magma degassing in the deep portion (≥ 200 MPa, 8 km of depth) of the plumbing system. This degassing mechanism would be able to flood the overlying hydrothermal system with hot gas, thus heating and fracturing the upper crust inducing shallow seismicity and deformation. This implies that the deep magma transfer process (≥8 km) has been decoupled from the source of deformation and seismicity, localized in the first kilometers (0-4 km) of caldera-filling rocks. This information on magma transfer depth can have important implications for defining the best monitoring strategies and for forecasting a future eruption. Finally, this study highlights how petrological and geochemical data allow us to explore the dynamics of the deep portion of the plumbing system and thus trace the occurrence of recharge episodes, in a portion of the ductile lower crust where magma transfer occurs in the absence of earthquakes. Plain Language Summary Calderas are volcanic depressions formed as the ground collapses during huge volcanic eruptions. They often exhibit pronounced unrest, with frequent earthquakes, ground uplift, and considerable heat and mass flux that are monitored by volcanologists for eruption forecasting. However, as this activity is due to the complex interactions among magma and hydrothermal system stored beneath the volcano, it is always difficult to predict the evolution of the unrest towards critical conditions until to eruption. The Campi Flegrei caldera is among the most dangerous volcanos in Europe and is currently in a new phase of unrest that has lasted for several decades, whose nature (magmatic or not magmatic) has remained unclear. Here, we combine petrological and geochemical observations collected in recent decades with numerical simulations to place new constraints on the source of the recent dynamics of the volcano. In particular, we show that new deep magma has recharged the shallow reservoir beneath the volcano and flooded the overlying hydrothermal system with hot gas; thereby weakening the upper rocks allowing deformation (ground uplift) and fracturing (seismicity). This information is particularly important in the case of high-risk Campi Flegrei caldera, because it can help to improve defense strategies in case of future eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023773
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: In this paper, we present two novel experimental setups specifically designed to perform in situ long-term monitoring of the aging behaviour of commercial plastic granules (HDPE, PP, PLA and PBAT). The results of the first six months of a three year monitoring campaign are presented. The two experimental setups consist of: (i) special cages positioned close to the sea floor at a depth of about 10 m, and (ii) a box containing sand exposed to atmospheric agents to simulate the surface of a beach. Starting from March 2020, plastic granules were put into the cages and plunged in sea water in two different locations in the sand boxes. Chemical spectroscopic and thermal analyses (GPC, SEM, FTIR-ATR, DSC, TGA) were performed on the granules before and after exposure to natural elements for six months, in order to identify the physical-chemical modifications occurring in marine environmental conditions (both in seawater and in sandy coastal conditions). Changes in colour, surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal properties and molecular weight, and the polydispersity of the materials, showed the different influences of the environmental conditions. Photooxidative reaction pathways were prevalent in the sandbox. Abrasive phenomena acted specially in the sea environment. PLA and PBAT did not show significant degradation after six months, making the possible reduction of marine pollution due to this process negligible
    Description: Published
    Description: 1111
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: multi-parametric platform ; bioplastics ; polymer degradation ; marine environment ; microplastics ; spectroscopy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-03-17
    Description: L’innalzamento del livello del mare: facciamo il punto! Il livello del mare sta cambiando in tutto il globo terrestre, in particolare si sta innalzando. Non è una novità, è già successo tante volte nel passato geologico.
    Description: European Commission DG Echo GA 874398
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Palazzo Franchetti Cavalli, Venezia
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Keywords: sea level rise ; Sea level rise
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: The behaviour of dry and wet volcanic granular flows is one of the main research topics in present day geophysics and volcanology. It involves various disciplines (e.g. sedimentology, geophysics, fluid dynamics) and investigation techniques (e.g. field studies, laboratory experiments, computational fluid dynamics). The vast interest is justified by the complex nature of these flows and their very dangerous nature that threaten millions of people around the world. In the last decade, computational fluid dynamics has become one of the main instruments used to reproduce past events of volcanic granular flows or to predict their behaviour and potential hazard. In this study, we tested two of the most used codes for simulating volcanic granular flows, TITAN2D and FLO2D, against well studied natural cases (the 1998 wet granular flows in the Sarno area and the 2005 block and ash flows at Colima volcano) and large-scale experiments on granular flows. Comparison between simulated parameters and real ones were carried out in order to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the two numerical codes. TITAN2D results showed how the basal friction angle is fundamental to control numerical simulations and its dependence on the topographic complexities, DEM resolution and slope-angle ratio. Simulation of large scale experiments offered a good relationship between slope angle ratio at break in slope and basal friction angle, which is useful for application to small drainage basins with not complex channel morphology. FLO2D suffers the lack of rheometric parameters for volcaniclastic material, but is less sensitive of DEM resolution with respect to TITAN2D.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107146
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: We report on a passive seismic experiment on a historical tower in northern Italy. Assessment of dynamical properties of such structures is known to be very important to anticipate their response to possible earthquake excitation. We show how classical seismological analyses can image, in high definition and detail, many modes of vibration, continuously excited by background tremor due to vehicle traffic. Similarly to what Earth’s normal modes reveal, such information pose constraints on the elastic (and anelastic) structure of a building that, in the case of a historical edifice, are not generally known, because appropriate information on its fabrication and constitution is not available. Our case refers to the twelfth century, 97 m tall, Asinelli tower in Bologna (northern Italy)—the tallest slender masonry building in Europe. We detect and analyze several modes of free flexural vibration, besides compressional and torsional modes. Free vibrations occur with slightly different natural frequencies along two orthogonal directions, as a consequence of a discrepancy between centers of mass and stiffness. This is apparent by the splitting of frequencies of modes of vibration. For each mode, the polarization of particle motion shows that energy cyclically transfers between the two different degrees of freedom of the system. The spectral signature of the nearby Garisenda tower can also be recognized on the spectrum of Asinelli, and vice versa, but the frequencies differ, so there is no cross influence between the two. These data can be used to calibrate the parameters used for dynamic modeling, to investigate variations in time of the dynamic response, and to characterize the anthropogenic sources of ground motion to possibly mitigate their effects. Although the engineering community has extensively addressed the field of structural health monitoring with specific tools, we show that methods part of any seismologist toolbox can also provide detailed information about buildings that can be used for their numerical modeling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 315–327
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    In:  - Piangiamore, G.L., G. Musacchio, E. Eva and KnowRISK-Task E working group (2017). Know your school: be safe! - where students become active part of the KnowRISK project, in 2nd General Meeting KnowRISK Knowyour city, Reduce seISmic risKthrough non-structural elements, Catania 15-17 December 2016, Falsaperla, S., H. Langer, S. Mangiagli, L. Scarfì AA. VV. Editors, flipbook Miscellanea INGV: http://istituto.ingv.it/l-ingv/produzione-scientifica/miscellanea-ingv/.
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Risk communication has been playing an increasing role in modern society and in our lives. Normally framed to prompt reduction of vulnerability to hazards, it tackles issues ranging from prevention to preparedness and addresses a variety of stakeholders, each with a specific role within a community. However, the way to have the most effective risk communication in the long run is to engage young people: they seed the roots that shape future, increase the potential impact of risk mitigation and help build community resilience. This is the vision that drives the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) intervention in the field of seismic risk education. The “Are you taking too many risks?” was a school contest that INGV carried out for the schools involved in the risk communication campaign “Know your school: be safe!” of the project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) funded by the European Commission DG-ECHO. Students, within a framework of cooperative learning, were asked to develop risk communication tools, being their peers the target public. It was an experiment of public engagement in risk communication that allowed young people to express their point of view and the way they would discuss and approach risks. Cartoons, animated drawings, interviews, and videos showed the way students see risk mitigation, in the age of parkour. The details of each students’ product are a lesson learned to shape risk communication campaigns in the future.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE326
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: educational competition, seismic risk, active learning, transformational learning, prevention, best practice dissemination ; Seismic Risk communication strategy to reduce natural risk ; Scientific dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: La revisione da parte degli analisti del BSI della sismicità registrata in Italia dal 1 maggio al 31 agosto 2020 ha riguardato tutti i terremoti di magnitudo M≥1.5, mentre i parametri dei terremoti di magnitudo inferiore a tale valore sono quelli calcolati in tempo reale, nella sala di sorveglianza sismica di Roma. I terremoti più forti (M≥3.5), e pochi altri di particolare interesse [vedi Marchetti et al., 2016, DOI: 10.4401/ag-6116], sono stati revisionati dagli analisti del BSI, mediamente nelle 24 ore successive al loro accadimento.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Dipartimento di Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Bollettino Sismico Italiano ; maggio - agosto 2020 ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-11-12
    Description: In this paper we describe the results of an experimental implementation of the recent guidelines issued by the Italian regulatory body for monitoring hydrocarbon production activities. In particular, we report about the pilot study on seismic, deformation, and pore pressure monitoring of the Mirandola hydrocarbon cultivation facility in Northern Italy. This site hosts the Cavone oil field that was speculated of possibly influencing the 2012 ML 5.8 Mirandola earthquake source. According to the guidelines, the monitoring center should analyse geophysical measurements related to seismicity, crustal deformation and pore pressure in quasi real-time (within 24–48 h). A traffic light system would then be used to regulate underground operations in case of detecting significant earthquakes (i.e., events with size and location included in critical ranges). For these 2-year period of guidelines experimentation, we analysed all different kinds of available data, and we tested the existence of possible relationship between their temporal trends. Despite the short time window and the scarce quantity of data collected, we performed the required analysis and extracted as much meaningful and statistically reliable information from the data. We discuss here the most important observations drawn from the monitoring results, and highlight the lessons learned by describing practical issues and limitations that we have encountered in carrying out the tasks as defined in the guidelines. Our main goal is to contribute to the discussion about how to better monitor the geophysical impact of this kind of anthropogenic activity. We point out the importance of a wider seismic network but, mostly, of borehole sensors to improve microseismic detection capabilities. Moreover, the lack of an assessment of background seismicity in an unperturbed situation -due to long life extraction activities- makes it difficult to get a proper picture of natural background seismic activity, which would be instead an essential reference information for a tectonically-active regions, such as Northern Italy.
    Description: “Convenzione tra il comune di San Possidonio e l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia -I.N.G.V.- per l’attuazione del monitoraggio nella concessione di coltivazione idrocarburi “Mirandola” finalizzata alla messa in opera di attività di monitoraggio di sperimentazione degli indirizzi e linee guida per i monitoraggi ILG ed assunzione funzioni di Struttura Preposta al Monitoraggio di cui all’art. 6 del Protocollo Operativo”
    Description: Published
    Description: 685300
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Italian guidelines for monitoring industrial activities ; induced seismicity ; pore pressure monitoring ; deformation monitoring ; seismic monitoring ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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