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Note: Contents: I: Introduction ; II: Climate Change Impacts on Major Cotton Production Regions ; III: Climate Change Impacts on Cotton Growth and Production ; IV: Management Approaches to Adapt to Impacts of Climate Change ; V: Role of Research in Modern Cotton Systems Adapting to Climate Change ; VI: Conclusion

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Scope of work Ice discharge from Lake Huron into St. Clair River Water velocity profiles at Port Huron Ice conditions Physical model Basis for selection Description Instrumentation Model ice control structure Open water calibration Open water tests Experimental procedures and techniques Ice cover calibration Ice control structure orientation Analysis of ice discharge due to ship transits Natural ice Synthetic ice Forces on the ice control structure Static measurements Dynamic force measurements Potential additional shear stresses Anticipated ice conditions with ICS Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Application of model results Appendix B. Suggested additional studies Appendix C. Derivation of ice discharge

Note: New perspectives on pterosaur palaeobiology , Pterosaurs in Mesozoic food webs: a review of fossil evidence , Using three-dimensional, digital models of pterosaur skulls for the investigation of their relative bite forces and feeding styles , Pelvic musculature of Vectidraco daisymorrisae and consequences for pterosaur locomotion , Inferring the properties of the pterosaur wing membrane , Waves of bone deposition on the rostrum of the pterosaur Pteranodon , Neonate morphology and development in pterosaurs: evidence from a Ctenochasmatid embryo from the Early Cretaceous of Argentina , Short note on a new anurognathid pterosaur with evidence of perching behaviour from Jianchang of Liaoning Province, China , Pterosaur material from the uppermost Jurassic of the uppermost Morrison Formation, Breakfast Bench Facies, Como Bluff, Wyoming, including a pterosaur with pneumatized femora , The taxonomy and phylogeny of Diopecephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) and ‘Germanodactylus rhamphastinus’ (Wagner, 1851) , A taxonomic revision of Noripterus complicidens and Asian members of the Dsungaripteridae , Topotype specimens probably attributable to the giant azhdarchid pterosaur Arambourgiania philadelphiae (Arambourg 1959) , The pterosaur assemblage of the Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic, Callovian–Oxfordian) from the UK , Systematic reassessment of the first Jurassic pterosaur from Thailand , A large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah , Cervical vertebrae of an enigmatic pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil) , A wing metacarpal from Italy and its implications for latest Cretaceous pterosaur diversity , A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Cretaceous, Valanginian) of southern England and a review of Lonchodectes sagittirostris (Owen 1874) , Online version

Note: Table of Contents List of figures, tables, appendices Introduction Methods Locations of the transects Site factors Soil Chemical properties Soil pH Cations NO3 Total P and SO4 Vegetation sampling Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References Figures Tables Appendices

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Theoretical models Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Experimental program Experimental facility Scaling factors Experimental results Analysis of wind data for lower Lake Huron Summary and conclusions Release of ice through the opening of an ICS Ice forces on the ice control structure Ice forces on ice control structure from a large unconsolidated ice cover Literature cited Appendix A. Equation for the stress resultants and velocities of the ice cover Appendix B. Monthly summary of wind data at Port Huron

Note: Contents Contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments 1. Background and Approach / Michael D. Delong, Martin C. Thoms, Timothy D. Jardine, and Arthur C. Benke INTRODUCTION BASIC APPROACH CHAPTER CONTENTS AND BACKGROUND REFERENCES 2. Atlantic Coast Rivers of the Northeastern United States / John K. Jackson, Sally A. Entrekin, Hamish S. Greig, and Allison H. Roy INTRODUCTION KENNEBEC RIVER MERRIMACK RIVER HOUSATONIC RIVER RARITAN RIVER MULLICA RIVER PATUXENT RIVER POTOMAC RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 3. Atlantic Coast Rivers of the Southeastern United States / Cecil A. Jennings, Elizabeth P. Anderson, Arthur C. Benke, Tom J. Kwak, Mark C. Scott, and Leonard A Smock INTRODUCTION YORK RIVER ROANOKE RIVER GREAT PEE DEE RIVER SANTEE RIVER EDISTO RIVER ALTAMAHA RIVER SATILLA RIVER ST. MARYS RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4. Gulf Coast Rivers of the Southeastern United States / G. Milton Ward, Amelia K. Ward, and Phillip M. Harris INTRODUCTION PASCAGOULA RIVER TOMBIGBEE RIVER BLACK WARRIOR RIVER COOSA-TALLAPOOSA RIVERS CONECUH-ESCAMBIA RIVER CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER FLINT RIVER CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 5. Gulf Coast Rivers of the Southwestern United States / Jude A. Benavides, John Karges, Kevin B. Mayes, Hanadi S. Rifai, and Cyndi V. Castro INTRODUCTION PECOS RIVER DEVILS RIVER NUECES RIVER NUECES-RIO GRANDE BASIN SAN MARCOS RIVER TRINITY RIVER SAN JACINTO RIVER NECHES RIVER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES 6. Rivers of the Lower Mississippi Basin / Clifford A. Ochs, Joseph Baustian, Audrey B. Harrison, Paul Hartfield, Carol Johnston, Catherine A. Justis, Daniel Larsen, Andrew Mickelson, Bryan P. Piazza, and Jonathan J. Spurgeon INTRODUCTION CURRENT RIVER CACHE RIVER HATCHIE RIVER WOLF RIVER OUACHITA RIVER SALINE RIVER BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER ATCHAFALAYA RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 7. Southern Plains Rivers / Caryn C. Vaughn, Keith B. Gido, Kevin R. Bestgen, Joshuah S. Perkin, and Steven P. Platania INTRODUCTION ARKANSAS RIVER HEADWATERS CANADIAN RIVER HEADWATERS CIMARRON RIVER NINNESCAH RIVER NEOSHO RIVER ILLINOIS RIVER WASHITA RIVER KIAMICHI RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 8. Upper Mississippi River Basin / Michael D. Delong, Gregory W. Whitledge, Charles H. Theiling, and James T. Lamer INTRODUCTION CHIPPEWA RIVER ROOT RIVER WAPSIPINICON RIVER DES MOINES-SKUNK RIVERS ROCK RIVER SANGAMON RIVER MERAMEC RIVER KASKASKIA RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 9. Ohio River Basin / David S. White and Susan P. Hendricks INTRODUCTION GREEN RIVER KENTUCKY RIVER GREAT MIAMI RIVER LICKING RIVER SCIOTO RIVER MUSKINGUM RIVER ALLEGHENY RIVER MONONGAHELA RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 10. Missouri River Basin / David L. Galat, Patrick J. Braaten, Christopher Guy, Christopher Hoagstrom, Travis Horton, David Moser, and Craig Paukert INTRODUCTION MADISON RIVER MILK RIVER CHEYENNE RIVER NIOBRARA RIVER BIG SIOUX RIVER KANSAS RIVER GRAND RIVER OSAGE RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 11. Colorado River Basin / Anya N. Metcalfe, Jeffrey D. Muehlbauer, Morgan A. Ford, and Theodore A. Kennedy INTRODUCTION GUNNISON RIVER SAN JUAN RIVER VIRGIN RIVER BILL WILLIAMS RIVER BLACK RIVER VERDE RIVER SALT RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 12. Pacific Coast Rivers of the Coterminous United States / Arthur C. Benke, Vincent H. Resh, Patina K. Mendez, Peter B. Moyle, and Stanley V. Gregory INTRODUCTION SKAGIT RIVER UMPQUA RIVER EEL RIVER RUSSIAN RIVER SANTA ANA RIVER SANTA MARGARITA RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 13. Columbia River Basin / Jack A. Stanford, Audrey Thompson, Eli Asher, Stanley V. Gregory, Gordon Reeves, Don Ratliff, Nick Bouwes, Christopher Frissell, and Richard N. Williams INTRODUCTION METHOW RIVER WENATCHEE RIVER COWLITZ RIVER SPOKANE RIVER DESCHUTES RIVER JOHN DAY RIVER GRANDE RONDE RIVER CLEARWATER RIVER OWYHEE RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 14. Great Basin Rivers / Dennis K. Shiozawa, Andrea L. Kokkonen, Peter C. Searle, and Samantha A. Tilden INTRODUCTION CARSON RIVER MARYS RIVER WEBER RIVER PROVO RIVER SPANISH FORK RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 15. Fraser River Basin / Eduardo G. Martins, Stephen J. Déry, and David A. Patterson INTRODUCTION WEST ROAD (BLACKWATER) RIVER QUESNEL RIVER CHILCOTIN RIVER LILLOOET-HARRISON RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 16. Pacific Coast Rivers of Canada and Alaska / Alexander M. Milner, Kristin Carpenter, Michael D. Delong, Jonathan Moore, Gordon Reeves, and Ciara Sharpe INTRODUCTION CHILKAT RIVER COPPER RIVER NASS RIVER NUSHAGAK RIVER TAKU RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 17. Yukon River Basin / Robert C. Bailey and Christopher R. Burn INTRODUCTION TESLIN RIVER PELLY RIVER WHITE RIVER STEWART RIVER PORCUPINE RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 18. Mackenzie River Basin / Joseph M. Culp, Eric A. Luiker, Robert B. Brua, Jordan L. Musetta-Lambert, Daryl B. Halliwell, and Jennifer Lento INTRODUCTION SMOKY RIVER STEEPBANK RIVER HAY RIVER SOUTH NAHANNI RIVER YELLOWKNIFE RIVER ARCTIC RED RIVER PEEL RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 19. Nelson and Churchill River Basins / lain Phillips, Timothy D. Jardine, Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt, Cherie Westbrook, and John Pomeroy INTRODUCTION SIBBALD CREEK BOW RIVER BEAVER RIVER OTTER TAIL RIVER QU’APPELLE RIVER DAUPHIN RIVER SMITH CREEK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 20. Rivers of Arctic North America / Jennifer Lento, Sarah M. Laske, Eric A. Luiker, Joseph M. Culp, Leslie Jones, Christian E. Zimmerman, and Wendy A. Monk INTRODUCTION KOBUK RIVER COLVILLE RIVER THELON RIVER KAZAN RIVER KOROC RIVER NAKVAK BROOK THOMSEN RIVER RUGGLES RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 21. Atlantic Coast Rivers of Canada / Wendy A. Monk, Michelle A. Gray, James H. McCarthy, Kurt M. Samways, and R. Allen Curry INTRODUCTION CHURCHILL RIVER HUMBER RIVER MARGAREE RIVER BEDEQUE BAY COMPLEX FUNDY COMPLEX CASCAPEDIA RIVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 22. St. Lawrence River—Great Lakes Basin / Gary A. Lamberti, Andrew F. Casper, David M. Costello, and David J. Janetski INTRODUCTION AU SABLE RIVER BLACK RIVER CUYAHOGA RIVER MAUMEE RIVER MUSKEGON RIVER ONTONAGON RIVER RIVIERE RICHELIEU RIVIERE SAINT-MAURICE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 23. Rivers of Mexico / Allison A. Pease, Krista A. Capps, Maria M. Castillo, Dean A. Hendrickson, Manuel Mendoza-Carranza, Rocio Rodiles-Hernandez, Colton Avila, and Topiltzin Contreras-MacBeath INTRODUCTION RIO FUERTE RIO SALADO RIO NAZAS-AGUANAVAL RIO TAMESI RIO BALSAS RIO DE LA SIERRA RIO LACANTUN RIO HONDO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 24. Rivers of North America: Overview and Future Prospects / J. David Allan, Mary L. Khoury, Michael D. Delong, Timothy D. Jardine, and Arthur C. Benke THE VARIETY OF RIVERS RESTORATION AND RECOVERY OF NORTH AMERICA’S RIVERS CONCLUSION REFERENCES Appendix Glossary Index of Rivers