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On the potentially dramatic history of the super-Earth {rho} 55 Cancri e (2015)

Hansen, B. M. S., Zink, J.

Oxford University Press

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-24

Beschreibung: We demonstrate that tidal evolution of the inner planet (‘e’) of the system orbiting the star 55 Cancri could have led to passage through two secular resonances with other planets in the system. The consequence of this evolution is excitation of both the planetary eccentricity and inclination relative to the original orbital plane. The large mass ratio between the innermost planet and the others means that these excitations can be of substantial amplitude and can have dramatic consequences for the system organization. Such evolution can potentially explain the large observed mutual inclination between the innermost and outermost planets in the system, and implies that tidal heating could have substantially modified the structure of planet e, and possibly reduced its mass by Roche lobe overflow. Similar inner secular resonances may be found in many multiple planet systems and suggest that many of the innermost planets in these systems could have suffered similar evolutions.

Print ISSN: 0035-8711

Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966

Thema: Physik

Publiziert von Oxford University Press

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Insertion of an SVA-E retrotransposon into the CASP8 gene is associated with protection against prostate cancer (2016)

Stacey, S. N., Kehr, B., Gudmundsson, J., Zink, F., Jonasdottir, A., Gudjonsson, S. A., Sigurdsson, A., Halldorsson, B. V., Agnarsson, B. A., Benediktsdottir, K. R., Aben, K. K. H., Vermeulen, S. H., Cremers, R. G., Panadero, A., Helfand, B. T., Cooper, P. R., Donovan, J. L., Hamdy, F. C., Jinga, V., Okamoto, I., Jonasson, J. G., Tryggvadottir, L., Johannsdottir, H., Kristinsdottir, A. M., Masson, G., Magnusson, O. T., Iordache, P. D., Helgason, A., Helgason, H., Sulem, P., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Kong, A., Jonsson, E., Barkardottir, R. B., Einarsson, G. V., Rafnar, T., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Mates, I. N., Neal, D. E., Catalona, W. J., Mayordomo, J. I., Kiemeney, L. A., Thorleifsson, G., Stefansson, K.

Oxford University Press

In: Human Molecular Genetics

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-16

Beschreibung: Transcriptional and splicing anomalies have been observed in intron 8 of the CASP8 gene (encoding procaspase-8) in association with cutaneous basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and linked to a germline SNP rs700635. Here, we show that the rs700635[C] allele, which is associated with increased risk of BCC and breast cancer, is protective against prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, P = 1.0 x 10 –6 ]. rs700635[C] is also associated with failures to correctly splice out CASP8 intron 8 in breast and prostate tumours and in corresponding normal tissues. Investigation of rs700635[C] carriers revealed that they have a human-specific short interspersed element-variable number of tandem repeat- Alu (SINE-VNTR- Alu ), subfamily-E retrotransposon (SVA-E) inserted into CASP8 intron 8. The SVA-E shows evidence of prior activity, because it has transduced some CASP8 sequences during subsequent retrotransposition events. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) data were used to tag the SVA-E with a surrogate SNP rs1035142[T] ( r 2 = 0.999), which showed associations with both the splicing anomalies ( P = 6.5 x 10 –32 ) and with protection against prostate cancer (OR = 0.91, P = 3.8 x 10 –7 ).

Print ISSN: 0964-6906

Digitale ISSN: 1460-2083

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Publiziert von Oxford University Press

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The runaway instability in general relativistic accretion discs (2013)

Korobkin, O., Abdikamalov, E., Stergioulas, N., Schnetter, E., Zink, B., Rosswog, S., Ott, C. D.

Oxford University Press

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2013-04-03

Beschreibung: When an accretion disc falls prey to the runaway instability, a large portion of its mass is devoured by the black hole within a few dynamical times. Despite decades of effort, it is still unclear under what conditions such an instability can occur. The technically most advanced relativistic simulations to date were unable to find a clear sign for the onset of the instability. In this work, we present three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics simulations of accretion discs around black holes in dynamical space–time. We focus on the configurations that are expected to be particularly prone to the development of this instability. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the fully self-consistent general relativistic evolution does indeed produce a runaway instability.

Print ISSN: 0035-8711

Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966

Thema: Physik

Publiziert von Oxford University Press

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IJGI, Vol. 7, Pages 397: CO-RIP: A Riparian Vegetation and Corridor Extent Dataset for Colorado River Basin Streams and Rivers (2018)

Brian D. Woodward, Paul H. Evangelista, Nicholas E. Young, Anthony G. Vorster, Amanda M. West, Sarah L. Carroll, Rebecca K. Girma, Emma Zink Hatcher, Ryan Anderson, Megan L. Vahsen, Amandeep Vashisht, Timothy Mayer, Daniel Carver, Catherine Jarnevich

MDPI

In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

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Publikationsdatum: 2018

Beschreibung: Here we present “CO-RIP”, a novel spatial dataset delineating riparian corridors and riparian vegetation along large streams and rivers in the United States (US) portion of the Colorado River Basin. The consistent delineation of riparian areas across large areas using remote sensing has been a historically complicated process partially due to differing definitions in the scientific and management communities regarding what a “riparian corridor” or “riparian vegetation” represents. We use valley-bottoms to define the riparian corridor and establish a riparian vegetation definition interpretable from aerial imagery for efficient, consistent, and broad-scale mapping. Riparian vegetation presence and absence data were collected using a systematic, flexible image interpretation process applicable wherever high resolution imagery is available. We implemented a two-step approach using existing valley bottom delineation methods and random forests classification models that integrate Landsat spectral information to delineate riparian corridors and vegetation across the 12 ecoregions of the Colorado River Basin. Riparian vegetation model accuracy was generally strong (median kappa of 0.80), however it varied across ecoregions (kappa range of 0.42–0.90). We offer suggestions for improvement in our current image interpretation and modelling frameworks, particularly encouraging additional research in mapping riparian vegetation in moist coniferous forest and deep canyon environments. The CO-RIP dataset created through this research is publicly available and can be utilized in a wide range of ecological applications.

Digitale ISSN: 2220-9964

Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie

Publiziert von MDPI im Namen von International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS).

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Sustainability, Vol. 11, Pages 2301: Electric Charging Demand Location Model—A User- and Destination-Based Locating Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (2019)

Raphaela Pagany, Anna Marquardt, Roland Zink

MDPI

In: Sustainability

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Publikationsdatum: 2019

Beschreibung: In recent years, with the increased focus on climate protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a relevant alternative to conventional motorized vehicles. Even though the market share of EVs is still comparatively low, there are ongoing considerations for integrating EVs in transportation systems. Along with pushing EV sales numbers, the installation of charging infrastructure is necessary. This paper presents a user- and destination-based approach for locating charging stations (CSs) for EVs—the electric charging demand location (ECDL) model. With regard to the daily activities of potential EV users, potential positions for CSs are derived on a micro-location level in public and semipublic spaces using geographic information systems (GIS). Depending on the vehicle users’ dwell times and visiting frequencies at potential points of interest (POIs), the charging demand at such locations is calculated. The model is mainly based on a survey analyzing the average time spent per daily activity, regional data about driver and vehicle ownership numbers, and the georeferenced localization of regularly visited POIs. Optimal sites for parking and charging EVs within the POIs neighborhood are selected based on walking distance calculations, including spatial neighborhood effects, such as the density of POIs. In a case study in southeastern Germany, the model identifies concrete places with the highest overall demand for CSs, resulting in an extensive coverage of the electric energy demand while considering as many destinations within the acceptable walking distance threshold as possible.

Digitale ISSN: 2071-1050

Thema: Energietechnik

Publiziert von MDPI

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