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  • 11
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    An intercomparison of results from ferrous sulphate and photolytic converter techniques for measurements of NO(x) made during the NASA GTE/CITE 1 aircraft program (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Two techniques designed for measurements of NO(x (NO + NO2) were intercompared during aircraft flights made in the spring of 1984 in the middle free troposphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern U.S. One NO chemiluminescence instrument was equipped with a ferrous sulphate converter, another with a photolytic converter. The ferrous sulphate-equipped instrument was apparently much less specific for NO2. It registered levels about three times larger than the photolytic converter and gave NO2/NO ratios that were much larger than photochemical calculations would indicate as reasonable. Additionally, the results imply that active NO(x) was only 10-20 percent of the total odd nitrogen in the middle free troposphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 15803-15
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Measurements of stratospheric SO2 after the EL Chichon eruptions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Samples of stratospheric trace gases were obtained on eight flights of NASA high-altitude aircraft from April 16 through December 13, 1982. The sampling occurred at altitudes from 15 to 22 km, latitudes from 23 to 52 deg N, and longitudes from 108 to 130 deg W. The cryogenically concentrated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography for SO2, a primary precursor of the gas-to-particle conversion process. The measured mixing ratio of SO2 varied between 8 and 132 pptv. Evidence from aerosol measurements indicates that a few of our early samples may have been collected in the fringes of the volcanic cloud from El Chichon. Samples obtained on some later flights may have been from the eruption cloud but were taken at times when most of the volcanically injected SO2 should have been converted to H2SO4.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1045-104
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    An intercomparison of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl measurement techniques - Overview of results (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results from an intercomparison of methods to measure carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are discussed. The intercomparison was conducted at Wallops Island, Virginia, in July 1983 and included a laser differential absorption and three grab sample/gas chromatograph methods for CO, a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two chemiluminescence methods for NO, and two LIF methods and a radiocarbon tracer method for OH. The intercomparison was conducted as a field measurement program involving ambient measurements of CO (150-300 ppbv) and NO (10-180 pptv) from a common manifold with controlled injection of CO in incremental steps from 20 to 500 ppbv and NO in steps from 10 to 220 pptv. Only ambient measurements of OH were made. The agreement between the techniques was on the order of 14 percent for CO and 17 percent for NO. Hardware difficulties during the OH tests resulted in a data base with insufficient data and uncertanties too large to permit a meaningful intercomposition.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11819-11
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Gaseous constituents in the plume from eruptions of Mount St. Helens (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Measurements in the stratosphere of gaseous constituents in the plume of Mount St. Helens were obtained during five flights of the NASA U-2 aircraft between 19 May and 17 June 1980. Mixing ratios from gas chromatographic measurements on samples acquired about 24 hours after the initial eruption show considerable enhancement over nonvolcanic concentrations for sulfur dioxide (more than 1000 times), methyl chloride (about 10 times), and carbon disulfide (more than 3 times). The mixing ratio of carbonyl sulfide was comparable to nonvolcanic mixing ratios although 3 days later it was enhanced two to three times. Ion chromatography measurements on water-soluble constituents are also reported. Very large concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were measured, implying large mixing ratios for the water-soluble gaseous constituents from which the anions are derived. Measurements of radon-222 present in the plume are also reported.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Science; 211; Feb. 20
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
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    An intercomparison of carbon monoxide measurement techniques (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results from an intercomparison of techniques to measure tropospheric levels of carbon monoxide (CO) are discussed. The intercomparison was conducted as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) and was held at Wallops Island, VA, in July 1983. Instruments intercompared included a laser differential absorption method and three grab sample/gas chromatograph methods. The intercomparison consisted of simultaneous measurements of ambient levels of CO and controlled injections of CO from a common manifold. Results from the techniques exhibited a high degree of correlation among themselves and with changes in the CO mixing ratio. The results suggested a level of agreement among the techniques of about 15 percent. However, a day-to-day bias between the techniques was observed, which resulted in differences between techniques as large as 38 percent.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
    Format: text
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  • 16
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    Measurements of NO(x) over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern United States during the spring 1984 NASA GTE aircraft program (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements of NO, NO(x) (NO + NO2), O3, and CO are presented from seven aircraft flights made over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the southwestern United States in spring of 1984. The sampling region was characterized by large- and small-scale variability for all of the measurements, likely as a result of vigorous synoptic scale meteorology and the influence of tropopause folds. Median values for NO, NO(x), O3, and CO from the flights made over the ocean in the region of 5.8-7.6 km were 10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), 32 pptv, 46 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), and 120 ppbv, respectively. Corresponding values from two flights made over the continent at similar altitudes were 16 pptv, 38 pptv, 42 ppbv, and 111 ppbv. There was a strong tendency for NO or NO(x) to be correlated positively with O3 and to be anticorrelated with dew-point/frost-point measurements. No significant overall correlation occurred between NO(x) and CO for the ocean data. The variability of NO(x) was such that regions of net destruction and regions of net production of O(3) were sampled both over the ocean and over the continent. However, in the middle free troposphere over the ocean, net O(3) destruction was predominant.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 5043-506
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
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    Vertical profiles of CO and CH4 in the lower and middle troposphere over the Eastern United States January 1978 (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: Samples of tropospheric air were obtained over the Eastern United States during January of 1978. These samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection to produce vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and methane from the surface to 8 km. The carbon monoxide mixing ratios at 35 deg N and 45 deg N agree with previously published values; however, the mixing ratio at 25 deg N was significantly lower than most published values. The methane mixing ratio was weakly dependent on latitude and has an average value of 1.64 ppm.
    Schlagwort(e): ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 6; Dec. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
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    Measurements of CO and CH4 in the troposphere over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea during the 1979 International Summer Monsoon Experiment /MONEX/ (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: During the 1979 Summer MONEX, 150 air samples collected over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea were analyzed for CO and CH4. Near Dhahran and over the Ganges Valley there were high concentrations of CO, around 300 ppbv, in the boundary layer. Out over the Saudi Arabian desert there was no sharp increase in the boundary layer. It is suggested that these high concentrations originate from pollution sources. Low values of CO, down to 80 ppbv, are found over the Arabian Sea as the monsoon progresses, and these may originate from the Southern Hemisphere. Methane over Saudi Arabia (1.59 ppmv) is a little higher than that over the Arabian Sea (1.54 ppmv) probably because the latter region is influenced by air from the Southern Hemisphere.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Oct. 20
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
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    Experimental determination of the boundary layer at air-sample inlet positions on the NASA CV 990 aircraft (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Full-scale, in-flight measurements of the boundary-layer thickness, velocity profile, and flow angle have been made at several sample collection stations on the fuselage of the NASA CV 990. These results are given as functions of Mach number, Reynolds number, yaw, and angle of attack.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 84-0028
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
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    Air-sampling inlet contamination by aircraft emissions on the NASA CV-990 aircraft (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Results of an experimental investigation of the contamination of air sampling inlets by aircraft emissions from the NASA CV-990 research aircraft are presented. This four-engine jet aircraft is a NASA facility used for many different atmospheric and meteorological experiments, as well as for developing spacecraft instrumentation for remote measurements. Our investigations were performed to provide information on which to base the selection of sampling locations for a series of multi-instrument missions for measuring tropospheric trace gases. The major source of contamination is the exhaust from the jet engines, which generate many of the same gases that are of interest in atmospheric chemistry, as well as other gases that may interfere with sampling measurements. The engine exhaust contains these gases in mixing ratios many orders of magnitude greater than those that occur in the clean atmosphere which the missions seek to quantify. Pressurized samples of air were collected simultaneously from a scoop located forward of the engines to represent clean air and from other multiport scoops at various aft positions on the aircraft. The air samples were analyzed in the laboratory by gas chromatography for carbon monoxide, an abundant combustion by-product. Data are presented for various scoop locations under various flight conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 84-0029
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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