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  • 1
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    Estimation of soil hydraulic properties with microwave techniques (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Useful quantitative information about soil properties may be obtained by calibrating energy and moisture balance models with remotely sensed data. A soil physics model solves heat and moisture flux equations in the soil profile and is driven by the surface energy balance. Model generated surface temperature and soil moisture and temperature profiles are then used in a microwave emission model to predict the soil brightness temperature. The model hydraulic parameters are varied until the predicted temperatures agree with the remotely sensed values. This method is used to estimate values for saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturated matrix potential, and a soil texture parameter. The conductivity agreed well with a value measured with an infiltration ring and the other parameters agreed with values in the literature.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Estimation of soil moisture from diurnal surface temperature observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-29
    Beschreibung: A coupled heat and moisture balance model was used to determine the thermal inertia of a grass covered top soil under different meteorological conditions. Relations between thermal inertia and soil moisture were established using the De Vries models for thermal conductivity and heat capacity to relate soil moisture and thermal inertia as a function of soil type. A sensitivity study of the surface roughness length and thermal inertia on diurnal surface temperature shows the necessity of focusing on the night time surface temperature rather than on the day time surface temperature, in order to estimate the soil moisture content of the top soil.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: ESA Proceedings of the 1986 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS '86) on Remote Sensing: Today's Solutions for Tomorrow's Information Needs, Volume 3; p 1227-1230
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Programming a hillslope water movement model on the MPP (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A physically based numerical model was developed of heat and moisture flow within a hillslope on a parallel architecture computer, as a precursor to a model of a complete catchment. Moisture flow within a catchment includes evaporation, overland flow, flow in unsaturated soil, and flow in saturated soil. Because of the empirical evidence that moisture flow in unsaturated soil is mainly in the vertical direction, flow in the unsaturated zone can be modeled as a series of one dimensional columns. This initial version of the hillslope model includes evaporation and a single column of one dimensional unsaturated zone flow. This case has already been solved on an IBM 3081 computer and is now being applied to the massively parallel processor architecture so as to make the extension to the one dimensional case easier and to check the problems and benefits of using a parallel architecture machine.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Frontiers of Massively Parallel Scientific Computation; p 19-26
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Testing an Energy Balance Model for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration Using Remotely Sensed Data (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: An energy-balance model is used to estimate daily evapotranspiration for 3 days for a barley field and a wheat field near Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany. The model was calibrated using once-daily estimates of surface temperatures, which may be remotely sensed. The evaporation estimates were within the 95% error bounds of independent eddy correlation estimates for the daytime periods for all three days for both sites, but the energy-balance estimates are generally higher; it is unclear which estimate is biassed. Soil moisture in the top 2 cm of soil, which may be remotely sensed, may be used to improve these evaporation estimates under partial ground cover. Sensitivity studies indicate the amount of ground data required is not excessive.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Remote Sensing of Snow and Evapotranspiration; p 149-167
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Orbit-averaged behavior of magnetic control laws for momentum unloading (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Analytical formulas are derived for orbit-averaged behavior of magnetic control laws for unloading the excess angular momentum of a spacecraft reaction wheel control system in the presence of secular environmental torques. The specific example of an axially symmetric spacecraft with an inertially fixed attitude for which the dominant environmental torque is the gravity-gradient torque is treated in detail, but extensions of the general approach to other inertially fixed and earth-pointing spacecraft are discussed. The analytical formulas are compared to detailed simulations performed for the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft, and agreement to within 10% is found. The analytical formulas can be used in place of detailed simulations for preliminary studies, and can be used to find selected cases giving the most stringent tests of momentum unloading capability for which detailed simulations may be performed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Materialart: Journal of Guidance and Control; 3; Nov
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    A computer program for the simulation of heat and moisture flow in soils (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A computer program that simulates the flow of heat and moisture in soils is described. The space-time dependence of temperature and moisture content is described by a set of diffusion-type partial differential equations. The simulator uses a predictor/corrector to numerically integrate them, giving wetness and temperature profiles as a function of time. The simulator was used to generate solutions to diffusion-type partial differential equations for which analytical solutions are known. These equations include both constant and variable diffusivities, and both flux and constant concentration boundary conditions. In all cases, the simulated and analytic solutions agreed to within the error bounds which were imposed on the integrator. Simulations of heat and moisture flow under actual field conditions were also performed. Ground truth data were used for the boundary conditions and soil transport properties. The qualitative agreement between simulated and measured profiles is an indication that the model equations are reasonably accurate representations of the physical processes involved.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: E83-10342 , NASA-TM-82121 , SM-G1-04086 , NAS 1.15:82121
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Modelling the atmospheric boundary layer for remotely sensed estimates of daily evaporation (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: An energy and moisture balance model of the soil surface was used to estimate daily evaporation from wheat and barley fields in West Germany. The model was calibrated using remotely sensed surface temperature estimates. Complete atmospheric boundary layer models are difficult to use because of the number of parameters involved and a simplified model was used here. The resultant evaporation estimates were compared to eddy correlation evaporation estimates and good agreement was found.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 11 1
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Estimating water flow through a hillslope using the massively parallel processor (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A new two-dimensional model of water flow in a hillslope has been implemented on the Massively Parallel Processor at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Flow in the soil both in the saturated and unsaturated zones, evaporation and overland flow are all modelled, and the rainfall rates are allowed to vary spatially. Previous models of this type had always been very limited computationally. This model takes less than a minute to model all the components of the hillslope water flow for a day. The model can now be used in sensitivity studies to specify which measurements should be taken and how accurate they should be to describe such flows for environmental studies.
    Schlagwort(e): COMPUTER SYSTEMS
    Materialart: The 2nd Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computations; p 249-256
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Correlating rainfall with remotely sensed microwave radiation using physically based models (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: This simulation study evaluates the response of a 21-cm radiometer, measuring the radiation emitted by a bare soil, to varying accumulations of rain. It is shown that correlations between the decrease in emissivity after a rain storm and the total accumulation depend strongly on the physical characteristics of the soil which affect its capacity to hold water. These are primarily soil texture and pre-rain soil moisture. A method is also discussed which would use the numerical models with remotely sensed microwave brightness and surface physical temperatures, along with conventional weather data, to estimate the total accumulation.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 415-423
    Format: text
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