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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (12)
  • Polyol mixture  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase separation in segmented polyurethanes derived from mixtures of polyether polyols with different functionality (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 3 (1996), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Schlagwort(e): Segmented polyurethanes ; Phase separation ; Compatibility ; Polyol mixture ; Thermal transitions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A series of segmented polyurethanes containing 60 wt° of hard segments (HS) was prepared from MDI (4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) ethylene glycol and mixtures of a polyoxyethylene end-capped polyoxypropylene triol and a polyoxyethylene end-capped polyoxypropylene diol. The effects of the content of polyether diol in polyether polyols on phase separation and properties was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and investigation of tensile properties. The DSC and DMA results indicate that the polyurethane derived from only polyether triol exhibits obvious phase separation and that the HS is immiscible with the SS, but that the HS is compatible with the HS for the polyurethane derived from polyether diol. As the content of polyether diol increases, the compatibility between HS and SS increases. As the content of polyether diol increases, the tensile strength. elongation. toughness and tear resistance of the polyurethanes increases. but their moduli decrease. The modulus-temperature dependence in the temperature region of −30 to 65 °C increases as the polyether diol content increases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01493491
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  • 2
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    Structure and Energetics of Medium-scale Atmospheric Waves in the Southern Hemisphere Summer (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-17
    Beschreibung: The NMC analyses were used to study medium-scale waves during three Southern Hemisphere (SH) summers. The SH summer medium-scale waves are observed to exhibit remarkably regular eastward phase progression, and wave maxima can often be traced continuously around the globe. Frequent downstream development of existing wave patterns is observed. The medium-scale waves at times appear to be longitudinally localized features; at other times they resemble truly global-scale models. The time-mean wave structure is found to be consistent with basic-state propagation characteristics and the conservation of wave activity. There is a tendency for background wind structure to restrict wave propagation. From energetics studies it is found that wave-zonal-mean exchange is a valid concept for describing the SH summer circulation, and that the flow vacillated between periods of highly perturbed and zonally symmetric states. The medium-scale waves result from nonlinear baroclinic instabilities, and exhibit a well-defined life cycle of baroclinic growth, maturity, and barotropic decay.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Res. Program Review; p 181-186
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Spectral analyses, climatology, and interannual variability of Nimbus-7 TOMS version 6 total column ozone (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: This reference publication presents selected results from space-time spectral analyses of 13 years of version 6 daily global ozone fields from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). One purpose is to illustrate more quantitatively the well-known richness of structure and variation in total ozone. A second purpose is to provide, for use by modelers and for comparison with other analysts' work, quantitative measures of zonal waves 1, 2, 3, and medium-scale waves 4-7 in total ozone. Their variations throughout the year and at a variety of latitudes are presented, from equatorial to polar regions. The 13-year averages are given, along with selected individual years which illustrate year-to-year variability. The largest long wave amplitudes occur in the polar winters and early springs of each hemisphere, and are related to strong wave amplification during major warning events. In low attitudes total ozone wave amplitudes are an order of magnitude smaller than at high latitudes. However, TOMS fields contain a number of equatorial dynamical features, including Rossby-gravity and Kelvin waves.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA-RP-1360 , REPT-95B00045 , NAS 1.61:1360
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Seasonal variation of radiance variances from satellite observations Implication of seasonal variation of available potential energy in the stratosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Nimbus 5 satellite radiances for the period 1973-74 are used to examine the seasonal variation of available potential energy in the stratosphere in order to provide a further observational basis for a long-term numerical simulation of stratospheric circulation. The maximum value of stratospheric zonal available potential energy, A(Z), in the upper and middle stratosphere shows pronounced variations between winter and summer, while little variation occurs in the lower stratospheric A(Z). The aperiodic occurrence of sudden warmings complicates the seasonal variation of A(Z) and A(E) (eddy available potential energy) in the stratosphere, making the energetics irregular. Time-Fourier analysis reveals that the primary variation of A(Z) and A(E) in the stratosphere is annual and semiannual, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 108; Oct. 198
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Evidence for wavelike anomalies with short meridional and large zonal scales in the lower stratospheric temperature field (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Global microwave brightness temperature measurements are analyzed to investigate the range of meridional wavelengths 2000-3000 km where spectral studies reveal larger than expected variance. The data, from the TIROS-N Microwave Sounding Unit, are sensitive to lower stratospheric temperatures (30-150 mb). The results reveal striking temperature anomalies with short meridional wavelengths (2000-3000 km) and long zonal wavelengths (zonal wavenumbers 1-4). The anomalies, with amplitudes approximately 1-2 K, extend from the equatorial region to at least as high as 70 deg N and 70 deg S during January 1979. The features exhibit slow eastward movement or else are nearly stationary for several days. In the Northern Hemisphere, comparison with NMC data reveals that the strongest features tend to be associated with major jet streams.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; May 1981
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    An observational study of medium-scale wave dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere summer. I - Wave structure and energetics. II - Stationary-transient wave interference (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 42; 1172-119
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The observed life cycle of a baroclinic instability (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Medium-scale waves (zonal wavenumbers 4-7) frequently dominate Southern Hemisphere summer circulation patterns. Randel and Stanford have studied the dynamics of these features, demonstrating that the medium-scale waves result from baroclinic excitation and exhibit well-defined life cycles. This study details the evolution of the medium-scale waves during a particular life cycle. The specific case chosen exhibits a high degree of zonal symmetry, prompting study based upon zonally averaged diagnostics. An analysis of the medium-scale wave energetics reveals a well-defined life cycle of baroclinic growth, maturity, and barotropic decay. Eliassen-Palm flux diagrams detail the daily wave structure and its interaction with the zonally-averaged flow.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 42; 1364-137
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Low frequency oscillations in total ozone measurements (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Low frequency oscillations with periods of approximately one to two months are found in eight years of global grids of total ozone data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instrument. The low frequency oscillations corroborate earlier analyses based on four years of data. In addition, both annual and seasonal one-point correlation maps based on the 8-year TOMS data are presented. The results clearly show a standing dipole in ozone perturbations, oscillating with 35 to 50 day periods over the equatorial Indian Ocean-west Pacific region. This contrasts with the eastward moving dipole reported in other data sets. The standing ozone dipole appears to be a dynamical feature associated with vertical atmospheric motions. Consistent with prior analyses based on lower stratospheric temperature fields, large-scale standing patterns are also found in the extratropics of both hemispheres, correlated with ozone fluctuations over the equatorial west Pacific. In the Northern Hemisphere, a standing pattern is observed extending from the tropical Indian Ocean to the north Pacific, across North America, and down to the equatorial Atlantic Ocean region. This feature is most pronounced in the NH summer.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA-CR-184759 , NAS 1.26:184759
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Stratospheric circulation in the southern summer/northern winter 1980-81 - Behavior of zonal waves 1-10 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Daily global grids of high quality, satellite-borne microwave measurements have been used to study the behavior of stratospheric waves during November 1980-March 1981. The primary motivation was to investigate, by comparing with earlier analyses, the interannual variation of recently reported medium-scale wave domination of Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer circulation. Zonal means, as well as time-mean and transient zonal waves 1-10, are studied. In addition, space-time spectra are determined from the 138-day record. Prominent medium-scale features are found to occur in 1980-81, although wave 4 is strongest, in contrast to the Global Weather Experiment period (1978-79), when wave 5 dominated the SH summer circulation. The same highly continuous, regular eastward phase movement of SH medium-scale waves is found in 1980-81 as in 1978-79. A second noteworthy observation is that of strong, time-mean waves 3-4 with symmetry about the equator, with positive temperature perturbations over the western Pacific and Atlantic equatorial regions, and negative anomalies over South America, Africa, and Indonesia. Confidence in the SH spectral results is enhanced by good agreement between our Northern Hemisphere (NH) medium-scale analyses and recent geopotential height studies by other investigators. These results serve to bring into sharper focus the question of why, in contrast with the more wellknown NH, the SH circulation evidences such robust and highly continuous medium-scale eddies in summer.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 2179-218
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Some interhemispheric comparisons of medium-scale waves in the lower stratosphere (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Remarkable domination of the summer Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation by medium-scale features (zonal waves 4-7) has been reported. More recently, it has been shown that these features derive their energy from baroclinic instabilities of the mean state. As one aspect of attempting to further explain the unusual spectral peak and phase-time continuity of the SH waves, the same microwave satellite instrument is used to compare characteristics of medium-scale lower stratospheric temperature waves in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and SH summertimes. Data from the Tiros-N Microwave Sounding Unit from August 1979 are analyzed here and compared with previous analyses for January 1979 reported by Yu et al. (1983) and others. The interhemispheric comparison reveals that summertime medium-scale waves in the NH do not exhibit the striking phase-time continuity of their SH summer counterparts. In addition, winter NH medium-scale waves are also found to have less phase-time continuity than those in the SH winter. The reason for the interhemispheric difference in maintenance of the medium-scale waves, especially in summertime, remains to be explained.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 2084-208
    Format: text
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