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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 2801-2814 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Being solubilized in systems of reversed micelles of a surfactant, the macromolecules incorporate into the inner cavities of the micelles, whose size can be changed by varying the degree of hydration, w0 = [H2O]/[surfactant]. The conjugates of proteins (α-chymotrypsin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), monoclonal antibodies to insulin) with linear polyelectrolytes (poly(methacrylic acid), quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)) are synthesized in reversed micelles of Aerosol OT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) in the octane with 100% yield. The yield critically depends on the degree of hydration: the reaction does not proceed at low w0, but if w0 exceeds a threshold value (which differs for various macromolecules) the yield increases sharply and reaches 100%. Using the ultracentrifugation it was demonstrated that at low w0 the polyelectrolyte represents a compact globule compressed by the micellar matrix in the inner cavity of a micelle. Under these conditions, there is no space for the protein in a micelle which contains polyelectrolyte, and therefore reaction does not proceed. If w0 exceeds a threshold value the micelles become large enough to entrap the conjugated macromolecules simultaneously. The possibility of regulation of the conjugate composition by variation of w0 (via the size of the micellar matrix) was demonstrated by a conjugate of BSA with quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine).
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A tool was developed for enhancement of plasmid penetration into an intact cell, based on increasing DNA hydrophobicity via inclusion into a soluble interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPC) with polycations. The characteristics of formation of DNA IPC with synthetic polycations [poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium)bromide (PVP) and PVP modified with 3% of N-cetyl-4-vinylpyridinium units (PVP-C)] were studied using ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods. The conditions were established under which the mixing of DNA and polycation aqueous solutions results in the selfassembly of soluble IPC species. Incorporation of DNA into IPC results in the enhancement of DNA binding with isolated Bacillus subtilis membranes. A considerable increase in the efficiency of transformation of B. subtilis cells with pBC16 plasmid resulted from incorporation of the plasmid into the IPC with PVP and CVP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Schlagwort(e): liposomes ; phospholipids ; surfactants ; vesicles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A combination of electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, conductometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to investigate vesicles (both in the “solid” and “liquid” states) that had been imparted with electric charge through the incorporation of ionic amphiphiles. These amphiphilic compounds comprised cardiolipin (with two negative charges), sodium dodecyl sulfate (with one negative charge), and cetylpyridinium bromide (with one positive charge). By this means it was discovered that negative vesicles could be converted into neutral vesicles, and then into positive vesicles, by the addition of a cationic surfactant. The amount of cationic surfactant required for the conversion depended upon the mobility of the surfactant within the bilayer. Vesicles were found to be capable of absorbing large amounts of surfactant, both cationic and anionic, before ultimately disintegrating and releasing their contents. Mixtures of cationic and anionic vesicles were able to exchange surfactant, and thereby neutralize each other's charges, without any concurrent vesicle fusion. This phenomenon is reliable only if the vesicles are in the liquid state. Finally, a biphasic exchange process was observed in which a surfactant rapidly departs from one bilayer and then enters another, while a fluorescently labeled lipid travels the reverse path only slowly.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 1057-1062 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The competitive binding of fluorescence-tagged poly(methacrylate) polyanions and poly(phosphate) polyanions with different poly(N-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium) polycation quenchers (alkyl = methyl, ethyl and propyl) was studied in the region 278÷333 K by fluorescence quenching technique. The equilibrium of this interpolyelectrolyte substitution reaction proved to be temperature sensitive except in the case when the poly(N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) polycation was used. Thermodynamic parameters of the reaction were determined. The possibility of effective temperature control of the interpolyelectrolyte reaction might be important for understanding, prediction and utilization of transformation processes of complex particles formed by electrostatically complementary (biological) macromolecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Atomic and molecular dispersions of inorganic solids in monomer media has been found capable of giving rise to highly active polymerization centers effective at low tempera- tures It was shown, using BeCl ZnClz, LiC1, TiC1, and RloOj, that salts and oxides which in the form of perfect crystals are not polymerization catalysts, in the molecular disperse state or with highly defective structures may cause the polymerization of a number of monomers (styrene, a-methylstyrene, isoprene) at their melting points. A study was made of the initiating capacity of some metals in molecular mixtures with monomers. It was shown that with suchamixtures of Mg and acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, or methyl acrylate rapid low-temperature polymerization in the solid state takes place. The polymerization is induced by radicals formed on reaction of Mg with the monomers. Similar conversions may occur in the presence of other metals (Hg, Zn, Cd). The methyl methacrylate produced in this way was found to have an isotactic structure. Hence the part played by preliminary ordering of the monomer on the formation of the polymer microstructure has been demonstrated. Studies with the crystalline salts of acrylic and methacrylic acids show that it is possible to initiate poly- merization in the solid phase by the formation of defective crystal structures in the system. This may be arcomplished by heterogeneous chemical reactions and intensive mechanical dispersion of the solid monomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 2 (1981), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 5 (1984), S. 709-714 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Poly(propargylpyridinium chloride), poly(propargy1-4-vinylpyridinium chloride), poly(propargyl-2,2-bipyridinium chloride), poly(propargyl-1-methyl-2,2-bipyridinium methylsulfate chloride), poly(N-ethyl-vinylpyridinium bromide), and poly(propargyl-2-hydroxyquinolium chloride) were synthesized and a number of simple and complex, tetracyanoquinodimethane ionradical polyelectrolytes were prepared from them. An attempt was made to understand how the molecular structure of these compounds manifests itself in their observed electrophysical properties. Our results show increased electroconductivity in cases of simple and complex ion-radical polyelectrolytes where the conjugated bond polymer “backbone” is in close proximity to dipyridyl polarizing side groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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