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  • MDPI Publishing  (14)
  • Hindawi
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
  • 1
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    IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 2532-2542: Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest Therapy on Middle-Aged Males with High-Normal Blood Pressure (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-26
    Beschreibung: Time spent walking and relaxing in a forest environment (“forest bathing” or “forest therapy”) has well demonstrated anti-stress effects in healthy adults, but benefits for ill or at-risk populations have not been reported. The present study assessed the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy (relaxation and stress management activity in the forest) on middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure. Blood pressure and several physiological and psychological indices of stress were measured the day before and approximately 2 h following forest therapy. Both pre- and post-treatment measures were conducted at the same time of day to avoid circadian influences. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), urinary adrenaline, and serum cortisol were all significantly lower than baseline following forest therapy (p 〈 0.05). Subjects reported feeling significantly more “relaxed” and “natural” according to the Semantic Differential (SD) method. Profile of Mood State (POMS) negative mood subscale scores for “tension-anxiety,” “confusion,” and “anger-hostility,” as well as the Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score were significantly lower following forest therapy. These results highlight that forest is a promising treatment strategy to reduce blood pressure into the optimal range and possibly prevent progression to clinical hypertension in middle-aged males with high-normal blood pressure.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 26921-26928: Highly Sensitive Measurement of Bio-Electric Potentials by Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes for Plant Monitoring (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-27
    Beschreibung: We describe a sensitive plant monitoring system by the detection of the bioelectric potentials in plants with boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. For sensor electrodes, we used commercially available BDD, Ag, and Pt plate electrodes. We tested this approach on a hybrid species in the genus Opuntia (potted) and three different trees (ground-planted) at different places in Japan. For the Opuntia, we artificially induced bioelectric potential changes by the surface potential using the fingers. We detected substantial changes in bioelectric potentials through all electrodes during finger touches on the surface of potted Opuntia hybrid plants, although the BDD electrodes were several times more sensitive to bioelectric potential change compared to the other electrodes. Similarly for ground-planted trees, we found that both BDD and Pt electrodes detected bioelectric potential change induced by changing environmental factors (temperature and humidity) for months without replacing/removing/changing electrodes, BDD electrodes were 5–10 times more sensitive in this detection than Pt electrodes. Given these results, we conclude that BDD electrodes on live plant tissue were able to consistently detect bioelectrical potential changes in plants.
    Digitale ISSN: 1424-8220
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Characterization of Organic Thin Film Solar Cells of PCDTBT : PC71BM Prepared by Different Mixing Ratio and Effect of Hole Transport Layer (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-08
    Beschreibung: The organic thin film solar cells (OTFSCs) have been successfully fabricated using PCDTBT : PC71BM with different mixing ratios (1 : 1 to 1 : 8) and the influence of hole transport layer thickness (PEDOT : PSS). The active layers with different mixing ratios of PCDTBT : PC71BM have been fabricated using o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). The surface morphology of the active layers and PEDOT : PSS layer with different thicknesses were characterized by AFM analysis. Here, we report that the OTFSCs with high performance have been optimized with 1 : 4 ratios of PCDTBT : PC71BM. The power conversion efficiency (PCE = 5.17%) of the solar cells was significantly improved by changing thickness of PEDOT : PSS layer. The thickness of the PEDOT : PSS layer was found to be of significant importance; the thickness of the PEDOT : PSS layer at 45 nm (higher spin speed 5000 rpm) shows higher short circuit current density () and lower series resistance () and higher PCE.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    IJERPH, Vol. 9, Pages 1398-1410: Eating Behavior and Childhood Overweight Among Population-Based Elementary Schoolchildren in Japan (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-04-17
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the relationship between eating behavior and childhood overweight among population-based elementary schoolchildren in Japan. Data was collected from fourth graders (9 or 10 years of age) from Ina Town, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1999 to 2009. Information about subjects’ sex, age, and lifestyle, including eating behaviors (eating until full and chewing thoroughly), was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, and height and weight were measured directly. Overweight was determined according to the definition established by the International Obesity Task Force. Data from 4027 subjects (2079 boys and 1948 girls) were analyzed. Chewing thoroughly was associated with a significantly decreased odds ratio (OR) for being overweight, whereas eating until full significantly increased the OR for being overweight (OR: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.94) among boys. However, eating until full was not associated with a significantly increased OR for being overweight among the group that reported chewing thoroughly, whereas it was associated with a significantly increased OR for being overweight (2.02, 1.38–2.94) among boys who did not chew thoroughly. In conclusion, eating until full or not chewing thoroughly was associated with being overweight among elementary schoolchildren. Results of this study suggest that chewing thoroughly may be an avenue to explore childhood overweight prevention efforts.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 15222-15232: Physiological and Psychological Effects of a Forest Therapy Program on Middle-Aged Females (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-02
    Beschreibung: The natural environment is increasingly recognized as an effective counter to urban stress, and “Forest Therapy” has recently attracted attention as a relaxation and stress management activity with demonstrated clinical efficacy. The present study assessed the physiological and psychological effects of a forest therapy program on middle-aged females. Seventeen Japanese females (62.2 ± 9.4 years; mean ± standard deviation) participated in this experiment. Pulse rate, salivary cortisol level, and psychological indices were measured on the day before forest therapy and on the forest therapy day. Pulse rate and salivary cortisol were significantly lower than baseline following forest therapy, indicating that subjects were in a physiologically relaxed state. Subjects reported feeling significantly more “comfortable,” “relaxed,” and “natural” according to the semantic differential (SD) method. The Profile of Mood State (POMS) negative mood subscale score for “tension–anxiety” was significantly lower, while that for “vigor” was significantly higher following forest therapy. Our study revealed that forest therapy elicited a significant (1) decrease in pulse rate, (2) decrease in salivary cortisol levels, (3) increase in positive feelings, and (4) decrease in negative feelings. In conclusion, there are substantial physiological and psychological benefits of forest therapy on middle-aged females.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Photomechanical Energy Conversion of Photoresponsive Fibers Exhibiting Bending Behavior (2012)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-14
    Beschreibung: Photoresponsive fibers based on poly(acrylamide) (PAA) with methylene blue (MB) dye were prepared. All semicircular fibers show bending towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber when illuminated. The fibers recover their initial shape when the illumination stops. The fiber is heated upon illumination and cooled to room temperature once the illumination is stopped. The fiber also is sensitive to humidity, showing bending behavior towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber upon changing the humidity. The mechanical energy of the PAA/MB fiber is approximately 0.6 mN for the bending direction when it is illuminated. A possible mechanism for the bending behavior is as follow: (1) the fiber is heated upon illumination because of the photothermal effect, (2) the fiber loses water molecules, (3) the fiber shrinks; bending towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber occurs because of a difference in the shrinkage for the flat surface and the other side of the fiber. Finally, we demonstrated that a PP ball (1.5 mg) can be moved by the mechanical energy produced by the changing shape of the fiber upon illumination.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    IJERPH, Vol. 9, Pages 1398-1410: Eating Behavior and Childhood Overweight Among Population-Based Elementary Schoolchildren in Japan (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-03
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the relationship between eating behavior and childhood overweight among population-based elementary schoolchildren in Japan. Data was collected from fourth graders (9 or 10 years of age) from Ina Town, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1999 to 2009. Information about subjects’ sex, age, and lifestyle, including eating behaviors (eating until full and chewing thoroughly), was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, and height and weight were measured directly. Overweight was determined according to the definition established by the International Obesity Task Force. Data from 4027 subjects (2079 boys and 1948 girls) were analyzed. Chewing thoroughly was associated with a significantly decreased odds ratio (OR) for being overweight, whereas eating until full significantly increased the OR for being overweight (OR: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.94) among boys. However, eating until full was not associated with a significantly increased OR for being overweight among the group that reported chewing thoroughly, whereas it was associated with a significantly increased OR for being overweight (2.02, 1.38–2.94) among boys who did not chew thoroughly. In conclusion, eating until full or not chewing thoroughly was associated with being overweight among elementary schoolchildren. Results of this study suggest that chewing thoroughly may be an avenue to explore childhood overweight prevention efforts.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Digitale ISSN: 1660-4601
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    AKTUELLE ARTIKEL
  • 8
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    Energies, Vol. 5, Pages 599-604: Using Submarine Heat Pumps for Efficient Gas Production from Seabed Hydrate Reservoirs (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-03
    Beschreibung: This article reports our novel idea about the thermal stimulation of seabed hydrate reservoirs for the purpose of natural gas production. Our idea is to use submarine heat pumps, which are to be placed near the hydrate reservoir and work to recover thermal energy from the surrounding seawater and supply it into the reservoir. Although the heat pumps need an electricity supply from the sea surface level, they can provide thermal energy which is several times that of the consumed electricity in quantity. As a consequence, the use of submarine heat pumps has a distinct thermodynamic advantage over other thermal stimulation techniques already proposed in the literature.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Energies, Vol. 5, Pages 599-604: Using Submarine Heat Pumps for Efficient Gas Production from Seabed Hydrate Reservoirs (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-03
    Beschreibung: This article reports our novel idea about the thermal stimulation of seabed hydrate reservoirs for the purpose of natural gas production. Our idea is to use submarine heat pumps, which are to be placed near the hydrate reservoir and work to recover thermal energy from the surrounding seawater and supply it into the reservoir. Although the heat pumps need an electricity supply from the sea surface level, they can provide thermal energy which is several times that of the consumed electricity in quantity. As a consequence, the use of submarine heat pumps has a distinct thermodynamic advantage over other thermal stimulation techniques already proposed in the literature.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Effects of Organic Solvents for Composite Active Layer of PCDTBT/PC71BM on Characteristics of Organic Solar Cell Devices (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-01-30
    Beschreibung: Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure based active layers of PCDTBT/PC71BM were prepared by using different organic solvents for fabrication of organic solar cell (OSC) devices. Mixture of precursor solutions of PCDTBT/PC71BM in three different organic solvents was prepared to fabricate composite active layers by spin-coating process: chloroform; chlorobenzene; o-dichlorobenzene. Four different blend ratios (1 : 3–1 : 6) of PCDTBT: PC71BM were adopted for each organic solvent to clarify the effect on the resulting OSC device characteristics. Surface morphology of the active layers was distinctively affected by the blend ratio of PCDTBT/PC71BM in organic solvents. Influence of the blend ratio of PCDTBT/PC71BM on the OSC device parameters was discussed. Performance parameters of the resulting OSC devices with different composite active layers were comparatively investigated. Appropriate blend ratio and organic solvent to achieve better OSC device performance were proposed. Furthermore, from the UV-Vis spectrum of each active layer prepared using the PCDTBT/PC71BM mixed solution dissolved with different organic solvents, a possibility that the nanophase separation structure inside their active layer could appear was suggested.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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