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  • 2005-2009  (36)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity of the central Asian climate to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the coupled climate model (MRI-CGCM1) (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 14 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The relationship between the altitude of the Tibetan Plateau and climate change in central Asia was investigated through a numeric experiment using the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model I (MRI-CGCM1). The results suggest that summer precipitation in central Asia decreased significantly as the Tibetan Plateau rose in height. Spring precipitation, however, increased during initial growth stages when the plateau height was up to 40% of its present-day height, and then decreased with further plateau growth. During the Tibetan Plateau uplift, the difference between precipitation and evaporation was minimal during spring. When the plateau attained a height exceeding 60% of its present height, relatively low precipitation but high evaporation in spring led to a lower amount of ground moisture. In the case of the high plateau, sensible heat flux during summer and fall largely exceeded latent heat flux. Change was particularly significant for cases when the plateau reached 40–60% of its present-day height. The duration of the predominant sensible heat flux became longer with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The period in which latent heat exceeded sensible heat seems to have been restricted to winter and early spring. The numeric experiments suggest that a significant drying of central Asia corresponded to the period in which the Tibetan Plateau exceeded approximately half its present-day height.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00493.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preface (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 14 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00497.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Annual water balance and seasonality of evapotranspiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-1923
    Digitale ISSN: 1873-2240
    Thema: Geographie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Elsevier
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  • 4
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    Cyclone activity associated with the interannual seesaw oscillation of summer precipitation over northern Eurasia (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0921-8181
    Digitale ISSN: 1872-6364
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Elsevier
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  • 5
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    A Climatological Monsoon Break in Rainfall over Indochina—A Singularity in the Seasonal March of the Asian Summer Monsoon (2006)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-15
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the climatological pentad mean annual cycle of rainfall in Thailand and the associated atmospheric circulation fields. The data used included two different data of rainfall: rain gauge data for Thailand from the Thai Meteorological Department and satellite-derived rainfall data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP). Climatological mean pentad values of rainfall taken over 50 yr clearly show a distinct climatological monsoon break (CMB) occurring over Thailand in late June. The occurrence of the CMB coincides with a drastic change of large-scale monsoon circulation in the seasonal march. The CMB is a significant singularity in the seasonal march of the Southeast Asia monsoon, which divides the rainy season into the early monsoon and the later monsoon over the Indochina Peninsula. A quasi-stationary ridge dynamically induced by the north–south-oriented mountain range in Indochina is likely to cause the CMB. The formation of the strong ridge over the mountain ranges of Indochina is preceded by a sudden enhancement (northward expansion) of the upstream monsoon westerlies along a latitudinal band between 15° and 20°N in late June. The CMB also has an impact downstream. The orographically induced stationary Rossby waves enhance the cyclonic circulation to the lee of Indochina, and over the South China Sea. The enhancement of cyclonic circulation may be responsible for the summer monsoon rains peaking in late June over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific, and in the baiu front.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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  • 6
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    Dominant Interannual and Decadal Variability of Winter Surface Air Temperature over Asia and the Surrounding Oceans (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-15
    Beschreibung: To clarify the interannual variability of winter surface air temperature (SAT) over Asia and the surrounding oceans, the authors applied principal component analysis to normalized monthly SATs. The first mode represents the Asian north–south dipole pattern with a node over the Tibetan Plateau. This component has close relationships to the Arctic Oscillation and cold surge variability around Southeast Asia, showing decadal oscillation with signal changes in 1988 and 1997. The second mode is the inner-Asian mode with a center to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. This component connects to fluctuations of not only the western Siberian high but also the Icelandic low, which is associated with the pattern of the polar vortex over Eurasia. A recent warming trend and possible relationship to solar activity are also shown. The modes of Asian SAT variability associated with ENSO are extracted as the north–south dipole mode over the tropical western Pacific and Japan (the third mode) and Silk Road mode (the fourth mode). The two independent modes appear to be caused by different sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean and their associated atmospheric Rossby wave responses: the atmospheric wave trains over both the north and south of the Tibetan Plateau in the third mode, and the atmospheric wave train that propagates toward the Silk Road via Greenland in the fourth mode.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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  • 7
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    Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in the MRI-20km60L AGCM* (2009)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-15
    Beschreibung: This study documents the detailed characteristics of the tropical intraseasonal variability (TISV) in the MRI-20km60L AGCM that uses a variant of the Arakawa–Schubert cumulus parameterization. Mean states, power spectra, propagation features, leading EOF modes, horizontal and vertical structures, and seasonality associated with the TISV are analyzed. Results show that the model reproduces the mean states in winds realistically and in convection comparable to that of the observations. However, the simulated TISV is less realistic. It shows low amplitudes in convection and low-level winds in the 30–60-day band. Filtered anomalies have standing structures. Power spectra and lag correlation of the signals do not propagate dominantly either in the eastward direction during boreal winter or in the northward direction during boreal summer. A combined EOF (CEOF) analysis shows that winds and convection have a loose coupling that cannot sustain the simulated TISV as realistically as that observed. In the composited mature phase of the simulated MJO, the low-level convergence does not lead convection clearly so that the moisture anomalies do not tilt westward in the vertical, indicating that the low-level convergence does not favor the eastward propagation. The less realistic TISV suggests that the representation of cumulus convection needs to be improved in this model.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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  • 8
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    Time–Space Characteristics of Diurnal Rainfall over Borneo and Surrounding Oceans as Observed by TRMM-PR (2006)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: Five years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) data were used to investigate the time and space characteristics of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over and around Borneo, an island in the Maritime Continent. The diurnal cycle shows a systematic modulation that is associated with intraseasonal variability in the large-scale circulation pattern, with regimes associated with low-level easterlies or westerlies over the island. The lower-tropospheric westerly (easterly) components correspond to periods of active (inactive) convection over the island that are associated with the passage of intraseasonal atmospheric disturbances related to the Madden–Julian oscillation. A striking feature is that rainfall activity propagates to the leeward side of the island between midnight and morning. The inferred phase speed of the propagation is about 3 m s−1 in the easterly regime and 7 m s−1 in the westerly regime. Propagation occurs over the entire island, causing a leeward enhancement of rainfall. The vertical structure of the developed convection/rainfall system differs remarkably between the two regimes. In the easterly regime, stratiform rains are widespread over the island at midnight, whereas in the westerly regime, local convective rainfall dominates. Over offshore regions, convective rainfall initially dominates then gradually decreases in both regimes, while the storms develop into deeper convective systems in the easterly regime. Aside from leeward rainfall propagation, shallow storms develop over the South China Sea region during the westerly regime, resulting in heavy precipitation from midnight through morning.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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  • 9
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    Changes in Low Cloudiness over China between 1971 and 1996 (2006)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: The climatology and long-term trends of low-cloud conditions over China were examined using the Extended Edited Cloud Report Archive data from 1971 to 1996. Linear regression analysis was applied to time series of clear-sky frequencies and low-cloud frequencies, and low-cloud amounts when present. Over the 26-yr study period, the clear-sky frequency increased over northern China. During summer, the frequency of cumuliform clouds decreased over almost all of China. A significant decrease characterized the trend in cumulonimbus (Cb) frequency; however, the Cb cloud amount when present increased over the Yangtze River basin and southern China. Increasing trends in stratocumulus (Sc) cloud amount when present were also observed over much of China.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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  • 10
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    Intraseasonal Variability in Diurnal Rainfall over New Guinea and the Surrounding Oceans during Austral Summer (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-15
    Beschreibung: High-resolution Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall data for six wet seasons (December–March) were used to investigate the time and space structure of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over and around New Guinea, a major island of the Maritime Continent. The diurnal cycle shows a systematic modulation associated with intraseasonal variability in the large-scale circulation pattern, with regimes associated with low-level easterlies or westerlies over the island. Lower-tropospheric easterly (westerly) wind components correspond to periods of inactive (active) convection over the islands that are associated with the passage of intraseasonal atmospheric disturbances such as the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). A striking feature is the diurnal rainfall that develops over the central mountain ranges in the evening and propagates toward the southwest (northeast) of the island with an inferred phase speed of about 2–3 m s−1 under low-level easterly (westerly) flow. In the case of the easterly regime, diurnal rainfall is strongly concentrated over the southwestern part of the island, inhibited from spreading offshore southwest of New Guinea. Under the westerly regime, in contrast, the rainfall area spread far and wide along the low-level westerlies from the island toward the Pacific Ocean. Significant offshore rainfall propagation extending from the island appears during the night over the north-northeastern coast and moves with a phase speed of about 7–8 m s−1, reaching the open ocean the following day. Possible processes for controlling the variability in diurnal rainfall through the interaction between large-scale circulation and previously denoted complex local circulation over the island are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Digitale ISSN: 1520-0442
    Thema: Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von American Meteorological Society
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