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Monographie ausleihbar

Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans (1999)

Curry, Judith A. ; Webster, Peter J.

San Diego [u.a.] : Academic Press

Dazugehörige Bände

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Signatur: AWI A5-99-0315

In: International Geophysics Series, Vol. 65

Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar

Seiten: XVII, 469 S.

ISBN: 0121995704

Serie: International Geophysics Series 65

Sprache: Englisch

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - Publisher's Credits. - Part I Basic Concepts. - Chapter 1 Composition, Structure, and State. - 1.1 Composition of the Atmosphere. - 1.2 Composition of the Ocean. - 1.3 Pressure. - 1.4 Density. - 1.5 Temperature. - 1.6 Kinetic-Molecular Model of the Ideal Gas. - 1.7 Equation of State for Air. - 1.8 Equation of State for Seawater. - 1.9 Compressibility and Expansion Coefficients. - 1.10 Hydrostatic Equilibrium. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 2 First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. - 2.1 Work. - 2.2 Heat. - 2.3 First Law. - 2.4 Applications of the First Law to Ideal Gases. - 2.5 Entropy. - 2.6 Second Law. - 2.7 Equilibrium and the Combined First and Second Laws. - 2.8 Calculation of Thermodynamic Relations. - 2.9 Heat Capacity. - 2.10 Dry Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere. - 2.11 Adiabatic Processes in the Ocean. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 3 Transfer Processes. - 3.1 Time-dependent Thermodynamics. - 3.2 Radiant Energy. - 3.3 Radiative Transfer. - 3.4 Diffusive Transfer Processes. - 3.5 Turbulence and Turbulent Transport. - 3.6 Time-dependent Equations for the Ocean and Atmosphere. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 4 Thermodynamics of Water. - 4.1 Molecular Structure and Properties of Water. - 4.2 Thermodynamic Degrees of Freedom. - 4.3 Phase Equilibria. - 4.4 Atmospheric Humidity Variables. - 4.5 Colligative Properties of Water Solutions. - 4.6 Simple Eutectics. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 5 Nucleation and Diffusional Growth. - 5.1 Surface Tension. - 5.2 Nucleation of the Liquid Phase. - 5.3 Nucleation of the Ice Phase. - 5.4 Diffusional Growth of Cloud Drops. - 5.5 Ice Crystal Morphology and Growth. - 5.6 Formation of the Initial Sea Ice Cover. - 5.7 Formation of Sea Ice Transition and Columnar Zones. - Notes. - Problems. - Part II Applications. - Chapter 6 Moist Thermodynamic Processes in the Atmosphere. - 6.1 Combined First and Second Laws. - 6.2 Isobaric Cooling. - 6.3 Cooling and Moistening by Evaporation of Water. - 6.4 Saturation by Adiabatic, Isobaric Mixing. - 6.5 Saturated Adiabatic Cooling. - 6.6 The Ice Phase. - 6.7 Conserved Moist Thermodynamic Variables. - 6.8 Aerological Diagrams. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 7 Static Stability of the Atmosphere and Ocean. - 7.1 Stability Criteria. - 7.2 Stability of a Saturated Atmosphere. - 7.3 Processes Producing Changes in Stability. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 8 Cloud Characteristics and Processes. - 8.1 Cloud Classification and Characteristics. - 8.2 Precipitation Processes. - 8.3 Radiative Transfer in a Cloudy Atmosphere. - 8.4 Fogs, Stratus Clouds, and Stratocumulus Clouds. - 8.5 Cumuliform Clouds. - 8.6 Parameterization of Cloud Microphysical Processes. - Notes. - Problems. - Chapter 9 Ocean Surface Exchanges of Heat and Freshwater. -

Standort: AWI Lesesaal

Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek

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Mechanisms effecting the state, evolution and transition of the planetary scale monsoon (1977)

Webster, Peter J. ; Chou, Lang ; Lau, Ka Ming

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 1463-1491

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Schlagwort(e): Monsoon evolution ; monsoon structure

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Summary An attempt is made to identify the basic structure of the planetary scale monsoon and to define and describe the various mechanisms effecting or producing that structure and its variation on a variety of time scales. Both observational and theoretical descriptions are used to define the monsoon system or to point towards problems that require clarification. The basic mean summer and winter monsoon regimes are described and a discussion presented on their degree of dependence on the distributions of orography, the form and distribution of land and ocean and the state of the interactive oceans adjacent to the major land masses. It is suggested that orography plays a critical role in determining the state of the mean summer and winter circulations behaving principally as an elevated heat source in summer and a mechanical perturber of the mean flow in winter. The spatial variation of sea-surface temperature and the distribution of land are shown to be theprimum mobile of the mean seasonal monsoon. Various modes and time scales of the variable monsoon are defined. It is shown that the principal time scale variation or phasing of theinterseasonal transition is determined by the different response times of the oceans and land areas to variable solar heating. The reaction of the ocean is a strong function of latitude because of its ability to be heated by solar radiation and mixed mechanically by the atmosphere. The return heating distribution imposed on the atmosphere by the ocean strongly effects the circulation. The inclusion of a hydrology cycle adds a further time scale to the monsoon system allowing much more rapid variations to be superimposed on the modulations caused by radiative and sensible heating effects. The inclusion of clouds introduces a furtherintra-seasonal time-scale into the monsoon circulation causing ‘break-like’ variations of the precipitation pattern and circulation fields during the late summer. Finally, a brief discussion is given on the various forms of interhemispheric interaction. It is suggested that contrary to earlier theoretical speculation, the equatorial latitudes may be considerably more ‘porous’ to mid-latitude disturbances than hitherto anticipated.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874419

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Coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997–98 (1999)

Moore, Andrew M. ; Loschnigg, Johannes P. ; Leben, Robert R. ; [weitere]

[s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.

Nature 401 (1999), S. 356-360

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Notizen: [Auszug] Climate variability in the Indian Ocean region seems to be, in some aspects, independent of forcing by external phenomena such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. But the extent to which, and how, internal coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics determine the state of the Indian Ocean ...

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/43848

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Strong long-period tropospheric and stratospheric rhythm in the Southern Hemisphere (1974)

WEBSTER, PETER J. ; KELLER, JOHN L.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 248 (1974), S. 212-213

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Notizen: [Auszug] To obtain a Eulerian data set, thfc Lagrangian data required transformation. As no general analytical transformation exists2, the Eulerian information was obtained by computing daily averages of all the measured Lagrangian quantities in each area of 10 latitude by 20 longitude. The resulting ...

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/248212a0

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Introductory comments—Special issue on scale interactions in the tropics (1995)

Leslie, Lance M. ; Holland, Greg J. ; Webster, Peter J.

Springer

Meteorology and atmospheric physics 56 (1995), S. 1-1

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ISSN: 1436-5065

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geographie , Physik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022517

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The past and the future of El Niño (1997)

Webster, Peter J. ; Palmer, Timothy N.

[s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.

Nature 390 (1997), S. 562-564

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Notizen: [Auszug] If events run true to form, the present El Niño is approaching a climax — which is why, acknowledging a Christmas connection, the phenomenon was so named. Predicting these events and their consequences is a daunting task, but there is progress to ...

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37499

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The carbon dioxide/climate controversy: Some personal comments on two recent publications (1984)

Webster, Peter J.

Springer

Climatic change 6 (1984), S. 377-390

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ISSN: 1573-1480

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract The pervasive opinion on the relationship between the state of the climate and the increasing concentration of CO2 is that a general global warming will occur with social, economical and environmental corollaries that may be adverse. However, there exist a number of dissenting arguments that call for a much smaller increase in global temperature or even an induced global cooling. Furthermore, the positive biological effects of a greater atmospheric CO2 loading are emphasized. The difference of opinion is highlighted in two recent publications: CO 2, Friend or Foe by Sherwood Idso and Carbon Dioxide: A Second Assessment by the National Academy of Science CO2/Climate Review Committee. Using the two publications as focal points, some personal remarks are made regarding the controversy and the relative merits of the scientific arguments.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212629

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