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  • 1
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    ViRBase: a resource for virus-host ncRNA-associated interactions (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-16
    Beschreibung: Increasing evidence reveals that diverse non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critically important roles in viral infection. Viruses can use diverse ncRNAs to manipulate both cellular and viral gene expression to establish a host environment conducive to the completion of the viral life cycle. Many host cellular ncRNAs can also directly or indirectly influence viral replication and even target virus genomes. ViRBase ( http://www.rna-society.org/virbase ) aims to provide the scientific community with a resource for efficient browsing and visualization of virus-host ncRNA-associated interactions and interaction networks in viral infection. The current version of ViRBase documents more than 12 000 viral and cellular ncRNA-associated virus–virus, virus–host, host–virus and host–host interactions involving more than 460 non-redundant ncRNAs and 4400 protein-coding genes from between more than 60 viruses and 20 hosts. Users can query, browse and manipulate these virus–host ncRNA-associated interactions. ViRBase will be of help in uncovering the generic organizing principles of cellular virus–host ncRNA-associated interaction networks in viral infection.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Digitale ISSN: 1362-4962
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Nucleolar stress and impaired stress granule formation contribute to C9orf72 RAN translation-induced cytotoxicity (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-04
    Beschreibung: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two common neurodegenerative diseases that have been associated with the GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat RNA expansion in a noncoding region of C9orf72 . It has been previously reported that unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeats produces five types of dipeptide-repeat proteins (referred to as RAN proteins): poly-glycine-alanine (GA), poly-glycine-proline (GP), poly-glycine-arginine (GR), poly-proline-arginine (PR) and poly-proline-alanine (PA). Although protein aggregates of RAN proteins have been found in patients, it is unclear whether RAN protein aggregation induces neurotoxicity. In the present study, we aimed to understand the biological properties of all five types of RAN proteins. Surprisingly, our results showed that none of these RAN proteins was aggregate-prone in our cellular model and that the turnover of these RAN proteins was not affected by the ubiquitin–proteasome system or autophagy. Moreover, poly-GR and poly-PR, but not poly-GA, poly-GP or poly-PA, localized to the nucleolus and induced the translocation of the key nucleolar component nucleophosmin, leading to nucleolar stress and cell death. This poly-GR- and poly-PR-mediated defect in nucleolar function was associated with the suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the impairment of stress granule formation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest a simple model of the molecular mechanisms underlying RAN translation-mediated cytotoxicity in C9orf72 -linked ALS/FTD in which nucleolar stress, but not protein aggregation, is the primary contributor to C9orf72 -linked neurodegeneration.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Digitale ISSN: 1460-2083
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Unsupervised analysis of Chinese texts [Social Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-01
    Beschreibung: With the growing availability of digitized text data both publicly and privately, there is a great need for effective computational tools to automatically extract information from texts. Because the Chinese language differs most significantly from alphabet-based languages in not specifying word boundaries, most existing Chinese text-mining methods require a prespecified...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Nanometer emittance ultralow charge beams from rf photoinjectors (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-09-12
    Beschreibung: Author(s): R. K. Li, K. G. Roberts, C. M. Scoby, H. To, and P. Musumeci In this paper we discuss the generation of a new class of high brightness relativistic electron beams, characterized by ultralow charge (0.1–1 pC) and ultralow normalized emittance (〈50  nm). These beams are created in rf photoinjectors when the laser is focused on the cathode to very small trans... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15, 090702] Published Tue Sep 11, 2012
    Schlagwort(e): Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers
    Digitale ISSN: 1098-4402
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Physical Society (APS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Biliary atresia in the sea lamprey [Physiology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-07-11
    Beschreibung: Bile salt synthesis is a specialized liver function in vertebrates. Bile salts play diverse roles in digestion and signaling, and their homeostasis is maintained by controlling input (biosynthesis) and intestinal conservation. Patients with biliary atresia (i.e., obliteration of the biliary tree) suffer liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In contrast, sea lamprey thrives despite developmental biliary atresia. We discovered that the sea lamprey adapts to biliary atresia through a unique mechanism of de novo synthesis and secretion of bile salts in intestine after developmental biliary atresia, in addition to known mechanisms, such as the reduction of bile salt synthesis in liver. During and after developmental biliary atresia, expression of cyp7a1 in intestine increased by more than 100-fold (P 〈 0.001), whereas in liver it decreased by the same magnitude (P 〈 0.001). Concurrently, bile salt pools changed in similar patterns and magnitudes in these two organs and the composition shifted from C24 bile alcohol sulfates to taurine-conjugated C24 bile acids. In addition, both in vivo and ex vivo experiments showed that aductular sea lamprey secreted taurocholic acid into its intestinal lumen. Our results indicate that the sea lamprey, a jawless vertebrate, may be in an evolutionarily transitional state where bile salt synthesis occurs in both liver and intestine. Understanding the molecular basis of these mechanisms may shed light on the evolution of bile salt synthesis and possible therapy for infant biliary atresia.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Controlling nonlinear longitudinal space charge oscillations for high peak current bunch train generation (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-10-09
    Beschreibung: Author(s): P. Musumeci, R. K. Li, K. G. Roberts, and E. Chiadroni The evolution of picosecond modulations of the longitudinal profile of an electron beam generated in an rf photoinjector is analyzed and optimized with the goal of obtaining high peak current electron bunch trains at very high frequencies (≥THz). Taking advantage of nonlinear longitudinal space char... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 100701] Published Tue Oct 08, 2013
    Schlagwort(e): Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers
    Digitale ISSN: 1098-4402
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Physical Society (APS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Crystal size induced reduction in thermal hysteresis of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory thin films (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-30
    Beschreibung: Ni 41.7 Ti 38.8 Nb 19.5 shape memory alloy films were sputter-deposited onto silicon substrates and annealed at various temperatures. A narrow thermal hysteresis was obtained in the Ni-Ti-Nb films with a grain size of less than 50 nm. The small grain size, which means an increase in the volume fraction of grain boundaries, facilitates the phase transformation and reduces the hysteresis. The corresponding less transformation friction and lower heat transfer during the shear process, as well as reduced spontaneous lattice distortion, are responsible for this reduction of the thermal hysteresis.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Digitale ISSN: 1077-3118
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Travelling wave solutions in integro-difference competition system (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-05-23
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we first establish the existence theorem of travelling wave solutions in an integro-difference competition system by Schauder's fixed-point theorem, the cross-iteration and the upper and lower solutions method. To illustrate our result, we present an application to an integro-difference competition system by choosing a special kernel.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4960
    Digitale ISSN: 1464-3634
    Thema: Mathematik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Exploiting mammalian low-complexity domains for liquid-liquid phase separation-driven underwater adhesive coatings (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    Beschreibung: 〈p〉Many biological materials form via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), followed by maturation into a solid-like state. Here, using a biologically inspired assembly mechanism designed to recapitulate these sequential assemblies, we develop ultrastrong underwater adhesives made from engineered proteins containing mammalian low-complexity (LC) domains. We show that LC domain–mediated LLPS and maturation substantially promotes the wetting, adsorption, priming, and formation of dense, uniform amyloid nanofiber coatings on diverse surfaces (e.g., Teflon), and even penetrating difficult-to-access locations such as the interiors of microfluidic devices. Notably, these coatings can be deposited on substrates over a broad range of pH values (3 to 11) and salt concentrations (up to 1 M NaCl) and exhibit strong underwater adhesion performance. Beyond demonstrating the utility of mammalian LC domains for driving LLPS in soft materials applications, our study illustrates a powerful example of how combining LLPS with subsequent maturation steps can be harnessed for engineering protein-based materials.〈/p〉
    Digitale ISSN: 2375-2548
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of BMI, BMI change and waist circumference in African American adults identifies multiple replicated loci (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-07
    Beschreibung: Obesity is an important component of the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Identifying epigenetic modifications associated with elevated adiposity, including DNA methylation variation, may point to genomic pathways that are dysregulated in numerous conditions. The Illumina 450K Bead Chip array was used to assay DNA methylation in leukocyte DNA obtained from 2097 African American adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Mixed-effects regression models were used to test the association of methylation beta value with concurrent body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and BMI change, adjusting for batch effects and potential confounders. Replication using whole-blood DNA from 2377 White adults in the Framingham Heart Study and CD4+ T cell DNA from 991 Whites in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study was followed by testing using adipose tissue DNA from 648 women in the Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource cohort. Seventy-six BMI-related probes, 164 WC-related probes and 8 BMI change-related probes passed the threshold for significance in ARIC ( P 〈 1 x 10 –7 ; Bonferroni), including probes in the recently reported HIF3A , CPT1A and ABCG1 regions. Replication using blood DNA was achieved for 37 BMI probes and 1 additional WC probe. Sixteen of these also replicated in adipose tissue, including 15 novel methylation findings near genes involved in lipid metabolism, immune response/cytokine signaling and other diverse pathways, including LGALS3BP , KDM2B , PBX1 and BBS2 , among others. Adiposity traits are associated with DNA methylation at numerous CpG sites that replicate across studies despite variation in tissue type, ethnicity and analytic approaches.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Digitale ISSN: 1460-2083
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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