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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The ACER pollen and charcoal database (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Desprat, Stéphanie; Daniau, Anne-Laure; Bassinot, Franck C; Polanco-Martínez, Josué M; Harrison, Sandy P; Allen, Judy R M; Anderson, R Scott; Behling, Hermann; Bonnefille, Raymonde; Burjachs, Francesc; Carrión, José S; Cheddadi, Rachid; Clark, James S; Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie; Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J; DeBusk, Georg H; Dupont, Lydie M; Finch, Jemma M; Fletcher, William J; Giardini, Marco; González, Catalina; Gosling, William D; Grigg, Laurie D; Grimm, Eric C; Hayashi, Ryoma; Helmens, Karin F; Heusser, Linda E; Hill, Trevor R; Hope, Geoffrey; Huntley, Brian; Igarashi, Yaeko; Irino, Tomohisa; Jacobs, Bonnie Fine; Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Kawai, Sayuri; Kershaw, A Peter; Kumon, Fujio; Lawson, Ian T; Ledru, Marie-Pierre; Lézine, Anne-Marie; Liew, Ping-Mei; Magri, Donatella; Marchant, Robert; Margari, Vasiliki; Mayle, Francis E; McKenzie, G Merna; Moss, Patrick T; Müller, Stefanie; Müller, Ulrich C; Naughton, Filipa; Newnham, Rewi M; Oba, Tadamichi; Pérez-Obiol, Ramon P; Pini, Roberta; Ravazzi, Cesare; Roucoux, Katherine H; Rucina, Stephen M; Scott, Louis; Takahara, Hikaru; Tzedakis, Polychronis C; Urrego, Dunia H; van Geel, Bas; Valencia, Bryan G; Vandergoes, Marcus J; Vincens, Annie; Whitlock, Cathy L; Willard, Debra A; Yamamoto, Masanobu (2017): The ACER pollen and charcoal database: a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period. Earth System Science Data, 9(2), 679-695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-679-2017
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-25
    Beschreibung: Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D-O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73-15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1,000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (14C, 234U/230Th, OSL, 40Ar/39Ar dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes, and is archived in Microsoft ACCESS(TM).
    Schlagwort(e): Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses; ACER
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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  • 2
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    Long-term CO2 enrichment of a forest ecosystem : implications for forest regeneration and succession (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 17 (2007): 1198–1212, doi:10.1890/05-1690.
    Beschreibung: The composition and successional status of a forest affect carbon storage and net ecosystem productivity, yet it remains unclear whether elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will impact rates and trajectories of forest succession. We examined how CO2 enrichment (+200 μL CO2/L air differential) affects forest succession through growth and survivorship of tree seedlings, as part of the Duke Forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in North Carolina, USA. We planted 2352 seedlings of 14 species in the low light forest understory and determined effects of elevated CO2 on individual plant growth, survival, and total sample biomass accumulation, an integrator of plant growth and survivorship over time, for six years. We used a hierarchical Bayes framework to accommodate the uncertainty associated with the availability of light and the variability in growth among individual plants. We found that most species did not exhibit strong responses to CO2. Ulmus alata (+21%), Quercus alba (+9.5%), and nitrogen-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia (+230%) exhibited greater mean annual relative growth rates under elevated CO2 than under ambient conditions. The effects of CO2 were small relative to variability within populations; however, some species grew better under low light conditions when exposed to elevated CO2 than they did under ambient conditions. These species include shade-intolerant Liriodendron tulipifera and Liquidambar styraciflua, intermediate-tolerant Quercus velutina, and shade-tolerant Acer barbatum, A. rubrum, Prunus serotina,Ulmus alata, and Cercis canadensis. Contrary to our expectation, shade-intolerant trees did not survive better with CO2 enrichment, and population-scale responses to CO2 were influenced by survival probabilities in low light. CO2 enrichment did not increase rates of sample biomass accumulation for most species, but it did stimulate biomass growth of shade-tolerant taxa, particularly Acer barbatum and Ulmus alata. Our data suggest a small CO2 fertilization effect on tree productivity, and the possibility of reduced carbon accumulation rates relative to today's forests due to changes in species composition.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62083, and by Terrestrial Ecosystems and Global Change (TECO) Grant No. DE-F602-97ER62463.
    Schlagwort(e): Bayesian analysis ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment ; Forest succession ; Global change ; Hierarchical Bayes
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 3
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    Striking the right balance in right whale conservation (2010)
    NRC Research Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of NRC Research Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66 (2009): 1399-1403, doi:10.1139/F09-115.
    Beschreibung: Despite many years of study and protection, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) remains on the brink of extinction. There is a crucial gap in our understanding of their habitat use in the migratory corridor along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Here, we characterize habitat suitability in migrating right whales in relation to depth, distance to shore, and the recently enacted ship speed regulations near major ports. We find that the range of suitable habitat exceeds previous estimates and that, as compared with the enacted 20 nautical mile buffer, the originally proposed 30 nautical mile buffer would protect more habitat for this critically endangered species.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported in part by SERDP/DoD grant W912HQ-04-C-0011 to A.J. Read and P.N. Halpin as well as a James B. Duke Fellowship and a Harvey L. Smith Dissertation Year Fellowship to R.S. Schick.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2 : reply (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology 89 (2008): 585–587, doi:10.1890/07-0660.1.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant Number DE-FG02-95ER62083 and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Global Change (TECO) Grant Number DE-F602-97ER62463.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neutral theory (communication arising) The stability of forest biodiversity (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 427 (2004), S. 696-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Clark and McLachlan reply The neutral model says that the relative abundance of a species is as likely to increase as it is to decrease, because species are ecologically identical. This hypothesis can be rejected if variance does not increase over time. We used a more ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/427696b
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of forest biodiversity (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 635-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Two hypotheses to explain potentially high forest biodiversity have different implications for the number and kinds of species that can coexist and the potential loss of biodiversity in the absence of speciation. The first hypothesis involves stabilizing mechanisms, which include tradeoffs ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01632
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinal gradient in species diversity (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 732-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Ecologists have long postulated that density-dependent mortality maintains high tree diversity in the tropics. If species experience greater mortality when abundant, then more rare species can persist. Agents of density-dependent mortality (such as host-specific predators, and pathogens) may be ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00809
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Climate implications of biomass burning since the 19th century in eastern North America (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Recent predictions that tropospheric aerosols have counterbalanced greenhouse warming assume aerosol emissions were low before ad1850 and then increased dramatically with industrialization of the Northern Hemisphere and biomass burning in the Tropics. We assembled the lake sediment record of emissions across northeastern North America, where temperatures are predicted to have been substantially affected by industrial aerosols. Sediment evidence suggests a systematic shift in source and an overall decline in emissions since the 19th century. The geographical shift results from high presettlement emissions from wildfires in the Midwest that collapsed with tillage and fire suppression. Meanwhile, emissions were increasing in the North-east with European settlement. These regional changes produced a shift from the continental interior to the North-east. An overall decline results because decreases in the Midwest more than compensate for increases in the North-east. Results suggest the Central Plains as an important source of emissions in the recent past, consistent with pioneer accounts of dense smoke clouds emanating from prairie in the 19th century. Contrary to recent models that suggest increased 20th century combustion emissions could have offset warming effects of rising greenhouse gases, our data suggest that aerosols could have actually decreased over this interval. Although we cannot directly quantify aerosols from our methods, the emissions of large particles suggest assumptions of 20th century aerosol declines should be reconsidered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00093.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic variation in germination, growth, and survivorship of red maple in response to subambient through elevated atmospheric CO2 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Genetic variation in plant response to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may have influenced paleo-vegetation dynamics and could determine how future elevated CO2 drives plant evolution and ecosystem productivity. We established how levels of relatedness – the maternal family, population, and provenance – affect variation in the CO2 response of a species. This 2-year growth chamber experiment focused on the germination, growth, biomass allocation, and survivorship responses of Acer rubrum to four concentrations of CO2: 180, 270, 360, and 600 μL L−1– representing Pleistocene through potential future conditions. We found that all levels of relatedness interacted with CO2 to contribute to variation in response. Germination responses to CO2 varied among families and populations, growth responses depended on families and regions of origin, and survivorship responses to CO2 were particularly affected by regional identities. Differences among geographic regions accounted for 23% of the variation in biomass response to CO2. If seeds produced under subambient CO2 conditions behave similarly, our results suggest that A. rubrum may have experienced strong selection on seedling survivorship at Pleistocene CO2 levels. Further, this species may evolve in response to globally rising CO2 so as to increase productivity above that experimentally observed today. Species responses to future atmospheric CO2 and the accompanying biotic effects on the global carbon cycle will vary among families, populations, and provenances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2004.00726.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-term Perspectives on Lagged Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change: Permafrost in Boreal Peatlands and the Grassland/Woodland Boundary (2000)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 3 (2000), S. 534-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: climate change; permafrost; boreal peatlands; grassland/woodland boundary; northern Great Plains; warming; buffering; lagged responses.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in climate could have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation, such as boreal permafrost peatlands and grassland/woodland boundaries. The long-term data from our studies in these ecosystems suggest that transient responses of permafrost and vegetation to climate change may be difficult to predict due to lags and positive feedbacks related to vegetation and disturbance. Boreal permafrost peatlands comprise an ecosystem with strong local controls on microclimate that influence the formation and thaw of permafrost. These local controls may preserve permafrost during the transient stages of climate warming, producing lagged responses. The prairie–forest border region of the northern Great Plains has experienced frequent change and has complex dynamics involving transitions in the grassland composition of prairie and in the degree of woodiness in bordering forests. Fire frequency interacts with fuel loading and tree recruitment in ways that affect the timing and direction of change. Lags and thresholds could lead to sudden large responses to future climate change that are not readily apparent from current vegetation. The creation of adequate models to characterize transient ecosystem changes will require an understanding of the linkages among processes operating at the scale of 10s of meters and over long time periods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100210000047
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