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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ hybridization as a tool to study numerical chromosome aberrations in solid bladder tumors (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Methods for single- and double-target in situ hybridization (ISH) to, cells isolated from solid transitional cell carcinomas (TCC's) of the urinary bladder are described. Single cell suspensions were prepared from solid tumors of the urinary bladder by mechanical disaggregation and fixed in 70% ethanol. Using two DNA probes specific for the centromeres of chromosomes #1 and #18, ISH procedures were optimized for these samples. Human lymphocytes and cells from the T24 bladder tumor cell line were used as controls. In lymphocyte nuclei and metaphase chromosome spreads, ISH showed two major spots for each of the probes. About 80% of the nuclei from T24 cells showed three spots for both the chromosome #1 and #18 specific probes. When nuclei from TCC's were analyzed, often the number of spots for chromosome #1, and to a lesser extent for chromosome #18, differed from the number expected on basis of flow cytometric ploidy measurements. The double target-ISH method in all cases allowed the correlation of numerical aberrations for chromosomes #1 and #18 in one and the same cell. By such analyses a profound heterogeneity in chromosome number was detected in most tumors. In order to optimize the reproductbility of the method and the interpretation of the ISH-signals, criteria for their analysis have been determined. This procedure can now be applied on a routine basis to solid tumor specimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500631
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized Trajectory Methods for Finding Multiple Extrema and Roots of Functions (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 97 (1998), S. 211-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Homotopy ; relaxation ; trajectory tracking ; global optimization ; roots ; nonlinear equations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Two generalized trajectory methods are combined to provide a novel and powerful numerical procedure for systematically finding multiple local extrema of a multivariable objective function. This procedure can form part of a strategy for global optimization in which the greatest local maximum and least local minimum in the interior of a specified region are compared to the largest and smallest values of the objective function on the boundary of the region. The first trajectory method, a homotopy scheme, provides a globally convergent algorithm to find a stationary point of the objective function. The second trajectory method, a relaxation scheme, starts at one stationary point and systematically connects other stationary points in the specified region by a network of trjectories. It is noted that both generalized trajectory methods actually solve the stationarity conditions, and so they can also be used to find multiple roots of a set of nonlinear equations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022635419332
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass spectrometric behavior of trimethylsilyl derivatives of isomeric diamino-, dihydroxy- and aminohydroxynaphthalenes (1971)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectrometric behavior of the di-TMSi derivatives of diamino-,dihydroxy-and aminohydroxynaphthalenes is described. The presence or lack of doubly-charged ions in the mass spectra is correlated with substituent position. Comparison is made with the spectra of the disubstituted benzenes. Other fragmentations are discussed with supporting data from TMSi-d9 derivatized compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210050413
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The occurrence of doubly-charged ions in the mass spectra of aromatic amine derivatives (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper describes the mass spectra of some di-trimethylsilyl derivatives of aromatic amines. Numerous doubly-charged ions of low relative intensity are found in all spectra. An intense doubly-charged ion is found at m/e [M - 30]/2, whereas the singly-charged counterpart is very small in all cases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210040127
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of amino-hydroxy, dihydroxy and dicarboxydiphenyls (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 563-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A mass spectrometric study of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of a group of amino-hydroxy, dihydroxy and dicarboxydiphenyls has disclosed that these compounds produce a number of intense doubly-charged ions ([M - 30]/2, 5 to 27%), for which the singly-charged ions are low or absent. The derivative of 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl yields five such doubly-charged ions with relative intensities ⋝ 3%. The fragmentation pathways for this compound have been studied by the formation and mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl-d9 derivative.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210040157
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  • 6
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    Generalized Trajectory Methods for Finding Multiple Extrema and Roots of Functions (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3239
    Digitale ISSN: 1573-2878
    Thema: Mathematik
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 7
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    Multi-events earthquake early warning algorithm using a Bayesian approach (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-13
    Beschreibung: Current earthquake early warning (EEW) systems lack the ability to appropriately handle multiple concurrent earthquakes, which led to many false alarms during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake sequence in Japan. This paper uses a Bayesian probabilistic approach to handle multiple concurrent events for EEW. We implement the theory using a two-step algorithm. First, an efficient approximate Bayesian model class selection scheme is used to estimate the number of concurrent events. Then, the Rao-Blackwellized Importance Sampling method with a sequential proposal probability density function is used to estimate the earthquake parameters, that is hypocentre location, origin time, magnitude and local seismic intensity. A real data example based on 2 months data (2011 March 9–April 30) around the time of the 2011 M 9 Tohoku earthquake is studied to verify the proposed algorithm. Our algorithm results in over 90 per cent reduction in the number of incorrect warnings compared to the existing EEW system operating in Japan.
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-246X
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press im Namen von The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Accounting for prediction uncertainty when inferring subsurface fault slip (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-03-21
    Beschreibung: This study lays the groundwork for a new generation of earthquake source models based on a general formalism that rigorously quantifies and incorporates the impact of uncertainties in fault slip inverse problems. We distinguish two sources of uncertainty when considering the discrepancy between data and forward model predictions. The first class of error is induced by imperfect measurements and is often referred to as observational error. The second source of uncertainty is generally neglected and corresponds to the prediction error, that is the uncertainty due to imperfect forward modelling. Yet the prediction error can be shown to scale approximately with the size of earthquakes and thus can dwarf the observational error, particularly for large events. Both sources of uncertainty can be formulated using the misfit covariance matrix, C , which combines a covariance matrix for observation errors, C d and a covariance matrix for prediction errors, C p , associated with inaccurate model predictions. We develop a physically based stochastic forward model to treat the model prediction uncertainty and show how C p can be constructed to explicitly account for some of the inaccuracies in the earth model. Based on a first-order perturbation approach, our formalism relates C p to uncertainties on the elastic parameters of different regions (e.g. crust, mantle, etc.). We demonstrate the importance of including C p using a simple example of an infinite strike-slip fault in the quasi-static approximation. In this toy model, we treat only uncertainties in the 1-D depth distribution of the shear modulus. We discuss how this can be extended to general 3-D cases and applied to other parameters (e.g. fault geometry) using our formalism for C p . The improved modelling of C p is expected to lead to more reliable images of the earthquake rupture, that are more resistant to overfitting of data and include more realistic estimates of uncertainty on inferred model parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-246X
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press im Namen von The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
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    Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-09-07
    Beschreibung: Ungulate migrations are assumed to stem from learning and cultural transmission of information regarding seasonal distribution of forage, but this hypothesis has not been tested empirically. We compared the migratory propensities of bighorn sheep and moose translocated into novel habitats with those of historical populations that had persisted for hundreds of years. Whereas individuals from historical populations were largely migratory, translocated individuals initially were not. After multiple decades, however, translocated populations gained knowledge about surfing green waves of forage (tracking plant phenology) and increased their propensity to migrate. Our findings indicate that learning and cultural transmission are the primary mechanisms by which ungulate migrations evolve. Loss of migration will therefore expunge generations of knowledge about the locations of high-quality forage and likely suppress population abundance.
    Schlagwort(e): Anatomy, Morphology, Biomechanics, Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source models - II: the 2011 great Tohoku-oki, Japan earthquake (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-28
    Beschreibung: We present a fully Bayesian inversion of kinematic rupture parameters for the 2011 M w 9 Tohoku-oki, Japan earthquake. Albeit computationally expensive, this approach to kinematic source modelling has the advantage of producing an ensemble of slip models that are consistent with physical a priori constraints, realistic data uncertainties, and realistic but simplistic uncertainties in the physics of the kinematic forward model, all without being biased by non-physical regularization constraints. Combining 1 Hz kinematic GPS, static GPS offsets, seafloor geodesy and near-field and far-field tsunami data into a massively parallel Monte Carlo simulation, we construct an ensemble of samples of the posterior probability density function describing the evolution of fault rupture. We find that most of the slip is concentrated in a depth range of 10–20 km from the trench, and that slip decreases towards the trench with significant displacements at the toe of wedge occurring in just a small region. Estimates of static stress drop and rupture velocity are ambiguous. Due to the spatial compactness of the fault rupture, the duration of the entire rupture was less than approximately 150 s.
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-246X
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press im Namen von The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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