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  • Articles  (138)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (138)
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  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (138)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CL-20 performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The explosive performance of ∊-CL-20 was found to be approximately 14% greater than HMX as determined by cylinder expansion and tantalum plate acceleration experiments. This makes it the most powerful explosive ever tested at small volume expansions of the detonation products. In general CL-20 is more sensitive than HMX. However, the sensitivity of CL-20 to one-dimensional shock loading was found to be similar to HMX.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220502
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the Sensitivity of Watergel Explosives to weak shocks (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 5 (1980), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An equipment used for testing the response of watergel explosives to weak shocks is described. The main purpose of these tests was to investigate the shock-initiating hazards when pumping watergel explosives of the non-cap-sensitive type. The explosive sample (weight ∼ 20 g) was confined in a steel cup and rapidly compressed by a steel piston. Tests were carried out with watergel explosives of both the cap-sensitive and non-cap-sensitive types. In Bulkreomex (a pumpable watergel), a weak reaction was observed at a peak pressure of 1.7 kbar. As piston velocity increased, the reaction became more violent, and at a velocity above 20 m/s the reaction produced a sharp pop and smoke.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19800050208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dynamic Shear Storage Modulus of Plastic-Bonded Explosives and its relationship to sensitivity (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 6 (1981), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linear dynamic mechanical properties of plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) were measured from -40 °C to +50 °C over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 4 Hz with a Rheometrics dynamic mechanical spectrometer. The purpose of the measurements was to develop correlations between the viscoelastic properties of composite high explosive systems and their impact sensitivities. Data from drop-skid tests using the 45°-angled target, as performed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were used in the sensitivity measurements. The skid-test drop height was inversely proportional to the shear storage modulus of the PBXs and the glass transition temperature (measured dynamically) of the PBXs tested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19810060604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic charge measurements on initiators and explosive powders (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 8 (1983), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New mechanical handling system for simulating the handling of explosive powders in the explosives factories have been designed, developed and successfully used for measurements of electrostatic charges under actual working conditions. The results of some of the important initiators using conventional friction/rolling method have been also discussed. The observations indicate that barium styphnate (red) shows positive charge whereas barium styphnate (yellow) shows negative charge.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19830080504
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological Studies on Virgin and Metallized Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine Gelled Systems (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 11 (1986), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rheological studies on unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine-methyl cellulose gelled system have been conducted under varying shear rates in order to establish its flow characteristics. The gel is found to behave as a pseudoplastic thixotrop. The viscosity build-up with respect to time has been traced till apparently a firm gel is set. The viscosity is found to increase with time rapidly in the beginning and minor changes are observed thereafter. The effect of temperature and extent of metal (Al and Mg) loading on apparent viscosity of the gelled system has also been investigated. Both the apparent viscosity and thixotropic character of the virgin gel are found to decrease with increase in temperature. An increase in rate of shear decreases the apparent viscosity significantly. The thixotropic character of the metallized gelled systems is observed to increase with metal content and that they exhibit a shearthinning behaviour too. Power law has been applied to assess the variation of pseudoplastic index n and consistency index K with temperature and metallization. The results reveal that n increases with temperature and decreases with metal loading whereas K shows an opposite trend. The yield value of gelled systems is noted to show decrease with temperature and increase with metal incorporation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19860110204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Nature of Boron Nitride E-Phase (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18 (1993), S. 352-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of the works, in which the E-phase of boron nitride had been obtained under various physical treatments, revealed that in all cases during the formation or isolation of the E-phase the sample can be impurified with oxygen. An X-ray spectral study of crystalline E-phase obtained in the present work proved it to be a solid solution of the type BN1 - xOx containing B-B bonds.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal stability of the polymorphs of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, part II (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solid-solid phase transitions in the α-, β-, γ-, and ∊-polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) have been studied as a function of temperature. Techniques employed include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), and hot stage microscope analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify results of polymorphic conversion. Results corroborate those(2) of Part I that the existence of multiple α-hydrate phases complicates definition of the HNIW P-T phase diagram. A high temperature endothermic DSC response was determined by FTIR spectroscopy to be the β → γ transition, not a conversion to a new high temperature “delta” phase. The role of water in the shifting this conversion to higher temperature is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19940190305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, Properties and Performance of the High Explosive ANTA (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 174-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 3-Amino-5nitro-1,2,4-triazole(ANTA) was prepared and evaluated in terms of insensitivity and performance. The material is very insensitive to impact and moderately so to thermal stimuli. Performance was found to be inferior to 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The best synthesis of ANTA is a three-step route using commercially available 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19940190405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparative and mechanistic studies on unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine-Red Fuming Nitric Acid Liquid Propellant Gels (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 10 (1985), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thixotropic gels of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) have been prepared using methyl cellulose (4.48 wt%) and agar-agar (0.64 wt%) chemical gelling agents. Red fuming nitric acid has been gelled by using sodium silicate (4.25 wt%).The effect of various parameters like size of container, particle size of gellants and temperature on gellation time of UDMH gelled system has been investigated. The gellation time of UDMH gel is found to increase with the increase in the internal diameter of the container. Gellation time is found to show direct proportionality with the particle size when methyl cellulose is used as gellant. In case of methyl cellulose, the gellation occurs quickly at higher temperature whereas the reverse trend is observed when agar-agar gellant is used.In order to boost the performance of liquid propellants, the metallized gels of UDMH containing Al (10-40 wt%) and Mg (10-25 wt%) metal powders have been prepared. The density measurements of virgin and metallized gels reveal that there is a maximum gain of 46.72% and 19.3% over virgin gels on incorporation of Al and Mg powders respectively.Efforts have been made to understand the process of gellation using optical and photomicrographic techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19850100406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitroureas 1. Synthesis, scale-up and characterization of K-6 (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 19 (1994), S. 232-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of 2-oxo-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (K-6), a cyclic dinitrourea, is described. The laboratory synthesis was scaled-up to provide 1.6 kilograms of crystalline K-6 which was used for performance testing. K-6 was formulated with 5% Viton A and pressed to 96.5% theoretical maximum density (TMD). Performance measurements in the form of front surface velocity measurements (tantalum plate push) and 1-inch cylinder expansion experiments indicate K-6 will out-perform HMX by 4% at early volume expansions. Thermal response and shock sensitivity experiments on K-6 are also described.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19940190504
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