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  • Articles  (42)
  • Chemistry  (42)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (42)
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  • Articles  (42)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic degradation of sol rubber in solution (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2653-2659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sol rubber dissolved in three solvents - cyclohexane, petroleum ether (40-60°C. fraction), and toluene - was degraded by ultrasonic waves, the degradation kinetics being followed by measuring spectrophotometrically the consumption of the free radical scavenger α,α′-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl. The kinetic data have been examined by the rate equations developed from two different approaches: one by Jellinek and the other by Ovenall. It has been observed that the number of bonds broken as a function of time can be fitted equally well by both equations in the initial stage, but as the time of degradation increases, especially when the number-average degree of polymerization attains a value less than 3Pe/2, the rate can be described better by Jellinek's equation than that of Ovenall. The rate constants K and the final degree of polymerization for rubber are found to depend on the nature of the solvent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080613
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic degradation of macromolecules in solution. Study of degradation kinetics by estimation of free-radical scavenger DPPH and solution viscosity measurementsProd. No. 1357 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1089-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of degradation of butyl rubber in two solvents, cyclohexane and toluene, was studied by two independent techniques: viscosity measurements and free-radical estimation as a function of DPPH consumed. The general shape of the rate curves in the two cases is similar, but not identical. The rate given by estimation of DPPH is faster than that obtained from solution viscosity data. This has been attributed to the inherent limitations of the two methods for the quantitative determination of the number of breaks occurring in the polymer molecules. The rate is also reduced as the viscosity of the solution medium is increased, which may be correlated with the reduction of the cavitation effect responsible for degradation. The degradation rates in two solvent media initially having the same viscosity were unequal. This may be due to different solvent-solute characteristics, which means that the viscosity and cavitation change to different extents in the two cases throughout the course of degradation. The limiting degree of Polymerization (DP)∞ obtained after prolonged irradiation has been found to be dependent on parameters such as intensity of irradiation, solution viscosity, and initial DP of the molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose pulps in zinc ethylenediamine solutionCommunication No. 473 from the National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A convenient method of preparing zinc ethylenediamine complex (ZED) solution for use as solvent for cellulose pulp is described, and the advantages in using this solvent (0.25M zinc in 41% ethylenediamine in water) over cupriethylenediamine (CED) or cuprammonium solutions for viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose are indicated. Intrinsic viscosities of eight rayon-grade pulp solutions have been determined at four temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The constants K = 5.85 × 10-5 and a = 0.936 of the Mark-Houwink equation [η] = KMna, required for evaluating the molecular weight of cellulose pulps in ZED solution, have been determined by using the molecular weight values obtained from CED solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on the thermal degradation of rubber in dilute solutionsCommunication No. 529 from the National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-8, India. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2199-2209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of low-temperature (60-100°C.) thermal degradation of deproteinized and deresinified petroleum ether soluble fraction of natural rubber in two chemically inert solvents, cyclohexane and trans-decalin, have been studied. The changes in Mw, A2, and (r2)1/2 at various stages of degradation have been obtained from the lightscattering data. The rate constants and the energy of activation for chain scission have been calculated from the observed variation in Mu. The scission has been found to be random and the average energy of activation is 25.8 kcal./mole. This low-energy requirement suggests the presence of weak links in the rubber molecule which get ruptured at low temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalic anhydride-based cation exchange resin from N-vinylcarbazole (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A condensation product based on phthalic anhydride and N-vinylcarbazole has been prepared and processed into a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin. The resin produced has been characterized by measuring its total and salt splitting capacities and by studying its thermal characteristics, rate of exchange, and behavior to pH metric titration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation exchange resin from sulfonated N-vinylcarbazole and divinylbenzene copolymer (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1719-1725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A copolymer of N-vinylcarbazole and divinylbenzene has been sulfonated to yield a cation exchange resin of improved thermal properties compared to other vinylcarbazole-based resins. The resin has been characterized by measuring its total and salt-spliting capacities, pH metric titration, and thermal stability characteristics.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260526
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Furfural-based phosphonic acid cation exchange resins from N-vinylcarbazole and its polymer. II (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal stabilities of the crosslinked N-vinylcarbazole/poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-furfural polymers and of the phosphonic acid resins prepared thereform were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The overall thermal stability of the crosslinked polymers is greater than the same for poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and is further improved upon phosphorylation. The resins are stable in 5N acids and water at 100°C. Isothermal oxidative degradation studies of the resins indicate significant increase in the capacities. pH metric titration of the resins shows the presence of mono and dibasic phosphonic acid groups. The resins realize about 90% of their capacities within 2 min of equilibration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of polystyrene. V. Sulfonic acid resins from anhydride substituted polystyrene (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 829-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemically modified polystyrenes based on the condensation of polystyrene with phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride have been processed into sulfonic acid cation exchange resins. The effects of variation of sulfuric acid amount and the temperature of sulfonation on the synthesis and the ion-exchange capacities of the resins have been established. The resins have finally been characterized with respect to their structures by IR and elemental analysis data. The total ion exchange capacity as well as the salt-splitting capacity and the pH-metric titration characteristics of these resins have also been determined. These resins posses better ion-exchange capacities than the conventional styrene based resins.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinked polymer from N-vinylcarbazole and formalin (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1183-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A crosslinked polymer has been synthesized from the reaction of N-vinylcarbazole and formalin in toluene in the presence of dry HCl gas. The copolycondensate is insoluble in all common solvents for poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and exhibits higher thermal stability than the unmodified poly-N-vinylcarbazole. However, this polymer is less thermally stable than the corresponding furfural modified poly-N-vinylcarbazole. A mechanism for the overall reaction has been suggested and the factors affecting the synthesis have been discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation exchange resin from sulfonated poly-N-vinylcarbazole-formaldehyde copolymer (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1999-2005 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A cross-linked copolymer of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and formaldehyde has been sulfonated to yield a cation exchange resin. The resin has been characterized by elemental analysis and by evaluation of total and salt-splitting capacities and pH-metric titration behavior. The resin has improved capacity (ion exchange) relative to other N-vinylcarbazole based resins and behaves as a polymeric dye.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290608
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