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  • Articles  (16)
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (16)
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  • Articles  (16)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-0645
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra cv. Cindy) and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaudin cv. Center). Treatments were (i) straw residue removed and stubble flail-chopped (flail-chop), (ii) straw residue removed and stubble close-clipped and vacuum-swept (close-clip), (iii) straw residue removed and stubble propane-burned (propane-burn), and (iv) residue and stubble open-burned with full straw load (open-burn). Seed yield components were also measured, to identify the component through which treatments affected yield. Treatment effects on seed yield of both crops interacted with years. Averaged across years, creeping red fescue seed yield was 993, 903, 804, and 620 kg ha-1 for open-burn, propane-burn, close-clip, and flail-chop treatments, respectively. The greatest treatment effect was on number of panicles, and consequently on number of floret sites and seeds produced per unit area. The number of spikelets per panicle, florets per spikelet, and seeds produced per panicle were unaffected. Open-burn also resulted in the fewest weed seeds and the highest purity of the harvested seed. Treatments affected Chewings fescue seed yield in only one year, when seed yield was 750, 680, 477, and 553 kg ha-1 for open-burn, propane-burn, close-clip, and flail-chop treatments, respectively. Treatments did not affect the number of panicles or seeds produced per unit area in Chewings fescue, the number of weed seeds, or the purity of the harvested seed. We concluded that mechanical removal of postharvest residue in Chewings fescue can maintain seed yield and seed quality similar to open-burn. In contrast, open-burn is required to achieve maximum seed yield and seed quality in creeping red fescue.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Keywords: MBC, microbial biomass carbon MEP, Mehlich extractable phosphorus MLRA, Major Land Resource Areas MWD, mean-weight diameter NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service NRI, National Resource Inventory PMN, potentially mineralizable nitrogen PSU, primary sampling units TOC, total organic carbon WSA, water stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: e transformation resulted in normal distributions for most soil properties and reduced variability two- to threefold. However, a few soil properties remained non-normally distributed. Soil pH may be monitored at the regional scale with a high degree of precision. Small changes in soil C content (3–8% of the regional mean) may be detected using loge transformed total organic C as the indicator. Sampling soil properties as part of the NRI should improve NRCS' ability to monitor soil condition on a regional scale.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 167-178 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al3+ ; aluminium ; hydroxy-aluminium ; phytotoxicity ; polynuclear aluminium ; rhizotoxicity ; roots ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O)6 3+, or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12 7+ or Al13) may cause misatribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al3+ toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge 〉2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; plasma membrane ; root elongation ; salinity ; sodium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To gain a better understanding of the relations between root elongation and the amount of Ca2+ bound to the plasma membrane (PM), melon plants were grown in aerated solutions containing different concentrations of CaCl2 with various concentrations of NaCl or mannitol. With increasing external concentrations of NaCl or mannitol, root elongation was suppressed. Addition of CaCl2 to the external medium alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by high concentrations of Na+, but not of mannitol. Root elongation in media containing high concentrations of NaCl was correlated with the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. A model describing relative root elongation (RRL) under salt stress was developed. This model takes into account the osmotic potential in the growing solution (based on the mannitol experiments) and the computed amount of Ca2+ bound to the PM. Calcium binding was calculated by applying a Gouy-Chapman-Stern sorption model using the same parameters deduced from studies on PM vesicles. This model combines electrostatic theory with competitive binding at the PM surface. The model for RRL allowed the computation of a critical value for the fraction of negative sites binding Ca2+ on the PM needed for nearly optimal (95%) root elongation. Any decrease below this critical value decreased the RRL. Root elongation of Honey Dew (salt-resistant cv.) was greater than that of Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim (salt-sensitive cv.) under NaCl stress. Nearly optimal root growth for Honey Dew and Eshkolit Ha'Amaqim occurred when 40% and 51% of total membrane charged sites were bound by Ca2+, respectively. The effect of osmotic potential on the suppression of root elongation was the same for the two cultivars. To our knowledge, this report provides the first fully quantitative estimates of PM-bound Ca2+ relative to salt toxicity.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 329-335 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium sulfite ; flue gas desulfurization residue ; oxidation ; sulfur dioxide ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract CaSO3 is a by-product formed by several of the processes used for scrubbing SO2 from flue gas produced by coal-burning power generators. Using CaSO3 to improve the calcium status of acid soils would be a beneficial alternative to disposal in landfills. CaSO3 has biocidal properties and is used as a disinfectant and food and drink preservative. It is important to evaluate under what conditions application to soils would not harm plant growth. Laboratory experiments confirmed that two transformations of CaSO3 occurred in soil systems: (1) decomposition to produce SO2 gas, and (2) oxidation to calcium sulfate. Conversion to SO2 occurred in solution and soil at low pH, and acid soils treated with CaSO3 were initially toxic to seedling root growth. The degree of toxicity was time-dependent, with reduction in toxicity occurring as CaSO3 oxidized to calcium sulfate. Soil reaction also influenced toxicity, and at soil pH levels above 6, little seedling toxicity was evident.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 15 (1968), S. 350-371 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La technique d'une part et l'abondance des aliments d'autre part ont causé des modifications dans l'alimentation par les céréales, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la quantité que la qualité. Le développement de la fabrication moderne du pain présente les caractéristiques suivants: préférence du froment, des farines très blanches, des procédés accélérés de fermentation et de cuisson dans la fabrication. En conséquence, on obtient des pains plus riches en calories, mais pauvres en subtances nutritives et aromatiques ayant une croûte mince et molle et une mie légère ne nécessitant pas d'efforts de mastication. En vitaminisant et en révalorisant artificiellement le pain, on ne peut remplacer qu'une partie minime des substances enlevées au blé par la moulure. L'utilisation de plus en plus fréquente de procédés chimiques dans l'agriculture et le stockage des récoltes entraîne l'existence de plus en plus importante de résidus non physiologiques dans le blé. Parmi ces produits et procédés ont été mentionnés: un produit destiné à raccourcir la tige du blé, produit qui influence l'azote des plantes; le pourcentage élevé en plomb découvert dans le blé ayant poussé à proximité des autostrades; le pourcentage plus élevé en „Phenantren“ et „3–4-Benzpyren“, trouvé dans les plantes poussant dans les régions industrielles; la production d'aflatoxine causée par la moisissure des produits emmagasinés; les résidus de produits insecticides connus jusqu'à présent; les modifications néfastes constatées dans le blé traité aux rayons gamma en vue d'une conservation plus facile. Les modifications dues à l'influence de la chaleur de cuisson sont à constater particulièrement dans la croûte du pain; elles frappent avant tout certaines substances sensibles à la chaleur ainsi que des processus de condensation suivantMaillard.
    Abstract: Summary Engineering progress and an abundance of foodstuff are the cause of strong quantitative and qualitative changes observed in our bread. The development of modern bread is marked by a preference given to wheat, by a lower degree of grinding up, by a short time of fermentation and baking, which results in bread of increased caloric content, reduced active agents and content of aroma, in bread with a thin, soft crust and a very porous crumb, thus necessitating a lesser mastication. By means of an artificial enrichment of vitamins, minerals, and separated amino-acids, only a very small part of active agents separated by grinding up can be replaced. Increasing application of chemical processes in agriculture and storage ensued an increased presence of non-physiological residues in corn. Among them are mentioned an agent to shorten the length of stalks that interferes with the nitrogen economy of plants; an increased content of lead in fields near highways; an increased content of phenanthren and 3–4 benzpyren in fields near industrial areas; the possible formation of aflatoxin through getting mouldy during storage; residues of pesticides that have become known up to now; as well as hitherto prove harmful alterations due to ray treatment by gamma rays to corn to achieve a better preservation. Changes brought about by the heat during the baking process are particularly clearly shown in the crust of bread which essentially have regard to damaging heat-sensitive contents and proceedings of condensation according toMaillard.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Technisierung und Überfluß an Nahrungsmitteln sind Ursache von starken quantitativen und qualitativen Veränderungen der Brotnahrung. Die Entwicklung des modernen Brotes ist durch Bevorzugung des Weizens, niedriger Ausmahlung, kurzer Gär- und Backzeiten gekennzeichnet, was zu Broten von erhöhtem Kaloriengehalt, vermindertem Wirkstoff- und Aromagehalt, von Broten mit dünner, weicher Kruste und sehr poröser Krume führt, die geringere Kauarbeit erfordern. Durch künstliche Anreicherung mit Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Aminosäuren kann nur ein kleiner Teil der bei der Vermahlung abgetrennten Wirkstoffe ersetzt werden. Steigende Anwendung chemischer Verfahren in der Land- und Lagerwirtschaft hat die vermehrte Anwesenheit unphysiologischer Rückstände im Getreide zur Folge. Unter ihnen werden erwähnt ein Halmverkürzungsmittel, das in den Stickstoffhaushalt der Pflanzen eingreift, der in der Nähe von Autobahnen erhöhte Bleigehalt, der in industrienahen Gebieten erhöhte Gehalt an Phenanthren und 3–4-Benzpyren, die mögliche Bildung von Aflatoxin durch Verschimmelung während des Lagerns, die bisher bekanntgewordenen Rückstände von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln sowie die bisher nachgewiesenen nachteiligen Veränderungen einer Bestrahlung des Getreides mit Gamma-Strahlen zwecks bequemerer Konservierung. Unter dem Einfluß der Backhitze sich vollziehende Veränderungen kommen besonders deutlich in der Kruste des Brotes zum Ausdruck, die sich im wesentlichen auf eine Schädigung hitzeempfindlicher Inhaltsstoffe und Kondensationsvorgänge nachMaillard beziehen.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The Chapman-Richards distribution is developed as a special case of the equilibrium solution to the McKendrick-Von Foerster equation. The Chapman-Richards distribution incorporates the vital rate assumptions o...
    Electronic ISSN: 2197-5620
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1991-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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