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  • Articles  (23)
  • Biology  (17)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (6)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical transport by the Mekong river (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 255 (1975), S. 134-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At this station the basin area is 663,000 km2, 83% of the total drainage area, and mean annual discharge is 14,900 m3 s"-1. Between January 1961 and December 1962, 546 daily samples were taken in which temperature, pH and conductivity were measured. The river was at that time affected little by war ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/255134a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical evidence of water movements in the deepest part of Lake Leman (Lake Geneva) (1991)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 53 (1991), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Bottom waters ; lake dynamics ; dissolved oxygen ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Regular surveys of bottom water chemistry (SiO2, O2, Fe, Mn) have been carried from 1978 to 1986 in the deepest 30 m of Lake Léman (max. depth 309 m) including interface waters sampled with a Jenkins Mortimer corer. When compared to normal chemical gradients near bottom, i.e. O2 decrease and SiO2 increase, three types of anomalies (lens, interface, and behaviour) have been observed on O2 and SiO2, the most sensitive chemical species. These anomalies were found throughout the year, in several stations of the deepest part of the lake and even along the slope of the lake basin. Major anomalies (ΔO2 + 3 to 10 mg ·l−1; ΔSiO2 -1 to 2 mg·l−1) were generally found at the sediment water interface and may extend 10–20 m above the sediment and last 10 weeks. Others marked lens anomalies could be observed for 3 to 4 months. Several mechanisms are probably responsible for this injection of surface waters along the lake slope (accumulation of turbid water on lake banks after severe windstorms; river density currents due to temperature and/or turbidity difference with lake waters). These water-inputs do not represent important volumes (≤ 1% total lake volume) but, when occuring at the interface, they ensure a sufficient oxygen level to prevent diffusion of phosphate and ammonia from pore waters when winter lake overturns do not reach bottom layers (from 1972 to 1980). Complete overturns, as observed in 1980/81, are connected with major interface anomalies (bottom O2 moves up from 2 to 10 mg·l−1) occuring before surface mixing reaches the deepest layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877137
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal variability of Total Suspended Solids in the Seine basin (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 410 (1999), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Total Suspended Solids ; space variability ; statistical distribution ; Seine river
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analyze the TSS distribution over the whole Seine basin (67 500 km2, stream order 8) from: 1. a set of 236 stations sampled quaterly to bimonthly from the french national water quality monitoring network over the 1971–1997 period, 2. four stations sampled daily over 3 and 4 years located on stream orders 1, 5, 6 and 8, 3. a weekly survey of the exceptional 1994/95 high water stage at 4 stations upstream and downstream of Greater Paris (10 M. people). Due to very low relief and even rainfall distribution over the year, the Seine and its river network from order 3 to 8, are characterized by very low TSS: 79% of medians (C50%) are between 8 and 32 mg l-1 and maximum TSS barely reach 300 mg l-1. Due to similar relief distributions, runoff patterns and geology in all sub-basins, major tributaries have near-identical long-term TSS regimes and seasonal variations during the 1994/95 flood stage. Second order TSS variations are linked to lithology: streams draining argillaceous and marl terrains are up to 3 and 4 times more turbid than those draining limestones and chalks. Basin size was also tested: the TSS range (quantiles C1% to C99%) decreases from order 1 to 8, and quantiles levels C10% to C75% double from order 3 to 8. Human impacts on TSS levels are quite limited: Greater Paris influence on longitudinal profiles is not observed; in periurban streams, where population density reach 1000 p km-2, TSS levels are twice those observed in rural conditions (40 p km-2): C75% are 32 ± 12 and 17.5 ± 9 mg l-1, respectively. In orders 6 to 8, the lower TSS quantiles (C10% and C25%) are higher than in orders 3 – 5, this can be attributed to eutrophication and/or to an important fluvial traffic. No significant trend was observed on the TSS distributions at the river mouth from 1971 to 1997. Comparison with a previous daily survey in 1863–1866 showed present marked decrease of average TSS and TSS yearly range attributed mostly to locks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003712032230
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  • 4
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    Chemical evidence of water movements in the deepest part of Lake Leman (Lake Geneva) (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1015-1621
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9055
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Eutrophication mitigation in rivers: 30 years of trends and seasonality changes in biogeochemistry of the Loire River (1980–2012) (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-12
    Description: Trends and seasonality analysis since 1980 and longitudinal distribution from headwaters to estuary of algal pigment, nitrate and phosphate were investigated in the eutrophic Loire River. The continuous decline of phosphate concentrations recorded since 1991 both in the main river and in the tributaries led to a significant reduction in algal biomass across the whole river system. While eutrophication remained lower in the main tributaries than in the Loire itself, they were found to contribute up to 45% to the total nutrient load of the main river. The seasonality analysis revealed that the river has always been under P limitation, explaining why reducing P inputs led to decreasing eutrophication in the whole Loire basin. The decline of seasonal amplitudes of algal pigments reduced the seasonal amplitude of phosphate and of daily variations of dissolved oxygen and pH but did not significantly affect the seasonal amplitude of nitrate. Thus, algal uptake responsibility on the summer nitrate loss seemed to be declining, questioning the exact role played by denitrification, terrestrial vegetation and fixed aquatic vegetation on the nitrogen cycle.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Daily variability of suspended particulate concentrations and yields and their effect on river particulates chemistry (2015)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-03
    Description: Daily total suspended solids concentrations (TSS, mg L-1), yields (Y, kg day-1 km-2) and runoff (q, L s-1 km-2) in world rivers are described by the median (C50), the upper percentile (C99), the discharge-weighted average concentrations (C*), and by their corresponding yields (Y50, Y99, Y*) and runoff (q*, q50, q99). These intra-station descriptors range over two to six orders of magnitude at a given station. Inter-station variability is considered through three sets of dimensionless metrics: (i) q*/q50, C*/C50 and Y*/Y50, defining the general temporal variability indicators, and q99/q50, C99/C50 and Y99/Y50, defining the extreme variability indicators; (ii) river flow duration (W2) and flux duration (M2) in 2% of time; and (iii) the truncated rating curve exponent (b50sup) of the C vs q relationship for the upper flows. The TSS and Y variability, measured on US, French and world rivers, are first explained by hydrological variability through the b50sup metric, the variability amplifier, then by basin size, erodibility, relief and lake occurrence. Yield variability is the product of runoff variability × TSS variability. All metrics are considerably modified after river damming. The control of river particulate matter (RPM) composition by TSS or yields depends on the targeted component. For major elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ti, Si, Ca, Mg, Na, K), the average RPM chemistry is not dependent on C* and Y* in most world hydroregions, except in the tropical hydrobelt where it is controlled by basin relief. By contrast, the particulate organic carbon content (POC, as a percentage of RPM) is inversely correlated to TSS concentrations for (i) intra-station measurements in any hydroregion, and (ii) inter-station average POC and TSS figures in world rivers. TSS controls heavy metal content (ppm) in highly contaminated basins (e.g. Cd in the Seine vs the Rhone), and total metal concentration (ng/L) in all cases. Relations between RPM composition and TSS should be taken into account when assessing riverine fluxes, as ignoring them could lead to overestimation.
    Print ISSN: 2199-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-899X
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of International Association of Hydrological Sciences.
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  • 7
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    Looking for water quality (2005)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Global spatial distribution of natural riverine silica inputs to the coastal zone (2009)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-27
    Description: Silica, SiO2, in dissolved (DSi) and particulate (PSi) form, is both a major product of continental weathering as well as an essential nutrient in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Here we present estimates of the spatial distribution of riverine silica fluxes under natural conditions, i.e. without human influence, to ~140 segments of the global coastal zone. Focussing on the construction of the DSi budget, natural DSi concentration is multiplied with discharge of rivers for each segment for documented basins and segments. Segments with no documentation available are estimated using clustered information based mainly on considerations of local lithology, climate, and lake retention. We approximate fluxes of particulate silica in various forms (PSi) from fluxes of suspended matter, calculated from existing models. Results have been established for silica fluxes, concentrations and yields for drainage basins of the different continents, oceans basins as well as coastal segment basins. For the continental surfaces actually draining into the oceans (exorheic regions, representing 114.7 M km2), 371 M t y−1 of DSi and 8835 M t y−1 of PSi are transported, corresponding to a mean concentration of 9.5 mg l−1 and 226 mg l−1, and to a mean yield of 3.3 t km−2 y−1 and 77 t km−2 y−1, respectively. DSi yields exceeding 6.6 t km−2 y−1, i.e. 〉2× the global average, represent 17.4% of the global continental ice-free exorheic area but correspond to 56.0% of DSi fluxes. Pacific catchments hold most of the hyper-active areas (〉5× global average), suggesting a close connection between tectonic activity and DSi fluxes resulting from silicate weathering. The macro-filters of regional and marginal seas intercept 33% and 46% of the total dissolved and particulate silica fluxes.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Chemical transport by the Mekong river (1975)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Eutrophication mitigation in rivers: 30 years of trends in spatial and seasonal patterns of biogeochemistry of the Loire River (1980–2012) (2015)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-30
    Description: Trends and seasonality analysis from 1980 onward and longitudinal distribution, from headwaters to estuary, of chlorophyll a, nitrate and phosphate were investigated in the eutrophic Loire River. The continuous decline of phosphate concentrations which has been recorded since 1991 both in the main river and in the tributaries has led to the conclusion that it was responsible for the significant reduction in phytoplanktonic biomass across the whole river system, although Corbicula spp. clams invaded the river during the same period and probably played a significant role in the phytoplankton decline. While eutrophication remained lower in the main tributaries than in the Loire itself, they were found to contribute up to ≈ 35% to the total nutrient load of the main river. The seasonality analysis revealed significant seasonal variations for the different eutrophication metrics and calls into question the classical monthly survey recommended by national or international authorities. Reducing P inputs impacted these seasonal variations: the decline of seasonal amplitudes of chlorophyll a reduced the seasonal amplitude of orthophosphate and of daily variations of dissolved oxygen and pH but did not significantly affect the seasonal amplitude of nitrate. Thus, the influence of phytoplankton on seasonal variations of nitrate was minor throughout the period of study.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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