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  • Articles  (74)
  • Biology  (74)
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  • Articles  (74)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the biology of the perch, Perca fluviatilis, in the River Stour, Dorset (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. Opercular bones from 323 perch from the River Stour were used for age and back-calculated growth determinations. Annuli were formed during May at the beginning of the growth period. Growth was minimal from October to April. Female perch grew faster than males, and the growth rates of both sexes were higher than those observed in most other European waters. Spawning occurred during late April and early May; male gonads began development in August and had attained their maximum weight in September, but the ovaries developed gradually from August until April. Immature perch had an annual cycle of condition with a maximum in June-July and a minimum in December-January. The condition of mature males and females was affected by the gonad cycle. The fecundity of Stour perch is expressed by the formula: log egg number = 2.40 log length (mm) - 1.34.Approximately 25% of males were mature at age I and all were mature at age II, whereas most females did not spawn until age III. Ephemeroptera nymphs and minnow fry constituted the bulk of the diet of 0-group perch; Ephemeroptera nymphs, minnow fry and Corixidae were the most numerous items in I group perch, whereas older perch contained Corixidae and a wider range of fish prey species, although minnows were the most numerous of these.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1978.tb01444.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficiency of a new electrofishing technique in determining fish numbers in a large river in Central Poland (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 24 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new method of determining fish numbers in a large river, which involved electrofishing from boats downstream to an AC electrical barrier, produced capture efficiencies for different species ranging from 28 to 82% when successive pairs of catches were combined. Estimates of population density, biomass and production for the 18 species in a 2.538 ha segment of the Pilica River, Poland revealed a decline in total numbers of the fish in species diversity between 1963 and 1980. This is attributed to increased fishing pressure, and to a loss in habitat diversity following the loss of many water mills and associated dams. The total production estimate of 0.85 g m−2 year−1 is low compared with the few published estimates for other large rivers. Roach, dace, chub, gudgeon and bream were the most numerous fish and they constituted 75% of the total population estimate, and 68% of the standing crop and annual production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04788.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Preliminary Study of the Feeding Relationships of Fish in a Hard-water and a Soft-water Stream in Southern England (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 1 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1969.tb03843.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology of brown trout Salmo trutta in English chalk streams (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 21 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. .1. Chalkstream trout are fast-growing, short-lived with a stable age structure that is a consequence of the lack of extremes in the abiotic environment, especially of water temperature and flow.2. Levels of secondary (invertebrate) production arc high and there is no evidence that interspecific or intraspecific competition for food resources limits growth.3. Dietary studies show a broad similarity between trout and other species, but indicate differences that reflect variations in the micro-habitat distributions between fish species.4. Trout numbers appear to be limited initially by the availability of gravel spawning areas, and then by areas suitable for newly-emerged fry. Reduction in stream discharge in the spring, either naturally or by man, can lower the number of 0+ trout that survive.5. Eels are not important predators on trout eggs or fry. but a reduction in pike numbers can lead to a decrease in the mean weight of pike. Small pike do not pose a serious threat to stocked yearling trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01348.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding ability during settlement and metamorphosis in the oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) and the effects of hypoxia on post-settlement ingestion rates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 181 (1994), S. 239-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Bivalve ; Feeding ; Hypoxia ; Larval settlement ; Metamorphosis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)90131-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the age, growth, reproduction and food of the roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) in two rivers in southern England (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 5 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Scales and opercular bones from 632 roach from the River Stour were used for age and back-calculated growth determinations. The scales had clearer inner annuli but operculars clearer outer annuli in fish more than nine years old. The annuli were laid in late May or early June at the beginning of the growth period. Growth was minimal between November and April. Roach from both rivers grow faster than those in most other European waters. Female roach grow faster than males; River Frome roach faster than those from the Stour. Spawning occurred in May and elaboration of gonads between September and May. Immature roach have an annual cycle in condition with a maximum in June and a minimum in early Spring. The condition of mature females is affected by the gonad cycle. The fecundity of Stour roach is represented by the formula: log egg number=4.43 log length (mm)—1.69. Approximately half of the Stour males attained sexual maturity at age III and most of the rest by age IV. Half of the females were mature at age IV and the remainder by age V. Both brood success and growth rate varied from year to year but independently of one another. Most Stour roach ate aquatic insect larvae and molluscs but algae were more frequent in the diet of larger fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04506.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the accuracy of age-determination using scales from rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.), of known age (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 26 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Six scientists from five European countries each examined 29 sets of scales from rudd of known age. The material contained 174 scales from both fast and slow growing fish and, with the exception of one participant, the scientists missed the first annulus when it was formed close to the scale centre. Sixty-eight scales were misread in this way, but only 12 were incorrectly aged because of confusion between true and false annuli. Comparisons of back-calculated lengths with observed lengths at each age were used to identify which false annuli had been incorrectly identified as true annuli, and vice-versa. The results confirmed the necessity of having information from other sources, e.g. seasonal length-frequency distributions of 0-group fish, to support the subjective interpretation of the scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04302.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The age, growth and diet of a freshwater population of the flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.), in southern England (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Otoliths from 640 flounders from the River Frome, a chalk river in southern England, were used for age and growth studies together with length-frequency data. Mean lengths at ages I–V were 89, 151, 225, 304 and 323 mm respectively; these are higher than have been reported for marine populations. All flounders caught were immature and, on reaching the sea, both sexes probably became sexually mature a year older than did the marine populations. Flounder diets in freshwater comprised largely aquatic insects, Mollusca and Crustacea but there were differences between large and small fish; seasonal changes in diet largely reflected prey availability. It is suggested that competition for food and space in estuaries between 0 group flounders have given rise to the migration into fresh water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04907.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth and reproductive strategy of the gudgeon, Gobio gobio (L.), in two hard-water rivers in southern England (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 17 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Scales from 682 gudgeon from the River Frome and 504 from the River Stour were used for age determinations. Growth in length was confined to the period May to October, but some weight increase occurred during the winter because of gonad development. Growth rates in the two rivers were the same, and were higher than most of those reported from other European rivers. Wide fluctuations, up to 12-fold, occurred in the year-class strengths of Frome gudgeon, caused by variations in the survival of juvenile gudgeon in their first year of life. Density-independent factors, particularly water temperature, were major influences. Female gudgeon grew marginally slower than the males, but they matured earlier and at a smaller size. They were fractional spawners but their total reproductive effort each season was high. Both sexes had low survival rates and their reproductive life spans were rarely more than three years. These life history traits support the premise that these gudgeon populations are r-selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02750.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the age, growth, reproduction and food of the pike Esox lucius (L.) in two rivers in southern England (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Opercular bones of 261 pike from the River Stour and 117 from the River Frome were used for age and back-calculated growth determinations. The annuli were laid down during late April and early May and most growth occurred between May and September. Pike growth in the two rivers was comparable with the fastest growth in other waters, though Frome pike grew slightly faster than Stour pike. Spawning occurred from the end of March into May. Elaboration of the ovaries commenced in September and was virtually completed by February, whereas the testes reached their maximum weight in October and maintained it until spawning. Immature pike had an annual cycle of condition reaching a maximum in May and a minimum during the winter. The gonad cycle affected the condition of mature females which had their minimum condition in mid-summer. The fecundity of Stour pike is expressed by the formula: log10 egg number =3.56 log10 fish length (mm) – 5.40. Approximately 75% of all Stour pike were sexually mature by age II and these fish were, on average, larger than immature pike of the same age. The most numerous items in the diet of pike were small cyprinids, 30–80 mm fork length, although pike over 700 mm long ate larger fish. Few salmonids appeared in the diet of either Frome or Stour pike. The percentage of empty stomachs was highest in Stour samples taken during the summer, shorter digestion times and longer feeding periods in this period are suggested as reasons for the apparent anomaly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb03930.x
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