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  • Articles  (914)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (914)
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  • Articles  (914)
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  • 1
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    Tailoring the nature and strength of electron–phonon interactions in the SrTiO3(001) 2D electron liquid (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-23
    Description: Nature Materials 15, 835 (2016). doi:10.1038/nmat4623 Authors: Z. Wang, S. McKeown Walker, A. Tamai, Y. Wang, Z. Ristic, F. Y. Bruno, A. de la Torre, S. Riccò, N. C. Plumb, M. Shi, P. Hlawenka, J. Sánchez-Barriga, A. Varykhalov, T. K. Kim, M. Hoesch, P. D. C. King, W. Meevasana, U. Diebold, J. Mesot, B. Moritz, T. P. Devereaux, M. Radovic & F. Baumberger Surfaces and interfaces offer new possibilities for tailoring the many-body interactions that dominate the electrical and thermal properties of transition metal oxides. Here, we use the prototypical two-dimensional electron liquid (2DEL) at the SrTiO3(001) surface to reveal a remarkably complex evolution of electron–phonon coupling with the tunable carrier density of this system. At low density, where superconductivity is found in the analogous 2DEL at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, our angle-resolved photoemission data show replica bands separated by 100 meV from the main bands. This is a hallmark of a coherent polaronic liquid and implies long-range coupling to a single longitudinal optical phonon branch. In the overdoped regime the preferential coupling to this branch decreases and the 2DEL undergoes a crossover to a more conventional metallic state with weaker short-range electron–phonon interaction. These results place constraints on the theoretical description of superconductivity and allow a unified understanding of the transport properties in SrTiO3-based 2DELs.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    History of winning remodels thalamo-PFC circuit to reinforce social dominance (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-14
    Description: Mental strength and history of winning play an important role in the determination of social dominance. However, the neural circuits mediating these intrinsic and extrinsic factors have remained unclear. Working in mice, we identified a dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) neural population showing "effort"-related firing during moment-to-moment competition in the dominance tube test. Activation or inhibition of the dmPFC induces instant winning or losing, respectively. In vivo optogenetic-based long-term potentiation and depression experiments establish that the mediodorsal thalamic input to the dmPFC mediates long-lasting changes in the social dominance status that are affected by history of winning. The same neural circuit also underlies transfer of dominance between different social contests. These results provide a framework for understanding the circuit basis of adaptive and pathological social behaviors.
    Keywords: Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Direct observation of van der Waals stacking-dependent interlayer magnetism (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Controlling the crystal structure is a powerful approach for manipulating the fundamental properties of solids. In van der Waals materials, this control can be achieved by modifying the stacking order through rotation and translation between the layers. Here, we observed stacking-dependent interlayer magnetism in the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductor chromium tribromide (CrBr〈sub〉3〈/sub〉), which was enabled by the successful growth of its monolayer and bilayer through molecular beam epitaxy. Using in situ spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we directly correlate the atomic lattice structure with the observed magnetic order. Although the individual monolayer CrBr〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 is ferromagnetic, the interlayer coupling in bilayer depends on the stacking order and can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Our observations pave the way for manipulating 2D magnetism with layer twist angle control.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cooperative Effect of Erythropoietin and TGF-β Inhibition on Erythroid Development in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-27
    Description: Patient-specific human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent important cell sources to treat patients with acquired blood disorders. To realize the therapeutic potential of hiPSCs, it is crucial to understand signals that direct hiPSC differentiation to a hematopoietic lineage fate. Our previous study demonstrated that CD34 + CD31 + cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) contain progenitors that give rise to hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. Here, we established a serum-free and feeder-free system to induce the differentiation of hPSC-derived CD34 + CD31 + progenitor cells to erythroid cells. We show that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins promote the differentiation of CD34 + CD31 + progenitor cells into CD235a + erythroid cells through CD41 + CD235a + megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a predominant factor for CD34 + CD31 + progenitor differentiation to erythroid cells, whereas transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) inhibits the development of CD34 + CD31 + progenitor cells. Apoptosis of progenitor cells is induced by TGF-β in early erythroid differentiation. Suppression of TGF-β signaling by SB431542 at early stage of CD34 + CD31 + progenitor differentiation induces the erythroid cell generation. Together, these findings suggest that TGF-β suppression and EPO stimulation promote erythropoiesis of CD34 + CD31 + progenitor cells derived from hPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Measurement of Crystal Face Specific Growth Kinetics (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00189
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    Diagnostic model of saliva peptide finger print analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using weak cation exchange magnetic beads (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Saliva diagnostics utilizing nanotechnology and molecular technologies to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has become an attractive field of study. However, no specific methods have been established. To refine the diagnostic power of saliva peptide fingerprints for the early detection of OSCC, we screened the expression spectrum of salivary peptides in 40 T1 stage OSCC patients (and healthy controls) using mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with magnetic beads. Fifty proteins showed significantly different expression levels in the OSCC samples (P 〈 0.05). Potential biomarkers were also predicted. The novel diagnostic proteomic model with m/z peaks of 1285.6 Da and 1432.2 Da is of certain value for early diagnosis of OSCC.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 7
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    Evolution of hidden localized flow during glass-to-liquid transition in metallic glass (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Article Glasses are known to have very slow flow behaviour on application of force, but the structural basis for this flow is currently unclear. Here Wang et al. use a dynamic mechanical analysis to study the flow phenomena in a La-based metallic glass. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6823 Authors: Z. Wang, B. A. Sun, H. Y. Bai, W. H. Wang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Effects of Oxygen Impurities on Glass-Formation Ability in Zr2Cu Alloy (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-20
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06306
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Spectroscopic evidence for negative electronic compressibility in a quasi-three-dimensional spin–orbit correlated metal (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 577 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4273 Authors: Junfeng He, T. Hogan, Thomas R. Mion, H. Hafiz, Y. He, J. D. Denlinger, S-K. Mo, C. Dhital, X. Chen, Qisen Lin, Y. Zhang, M. Hashimoto, H. Pan, D. H. Lu, M. Arita, K. Shimada, R. S. Markiewicz, Z. Wang, K. Kempa, M. J. Naughton, A. Bansil, S. D. Wilson & Rui-Hua He Negative compressibility is a sign of thermodynamic instability of open or non-equilibrium systems. In quantum materials consisting of multiple mutually coupled subsystems, the compressibility of one subsystem can be negative if it is countered by positive compressibility of the others. Manifestations of this effect have so far been limited to low-dimensional dilute electron systems. Here, we present evidence from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for negative electronic compressibility (NEC) in the quasi-three-dimensional (3D) spin–orbit correlated metal (Sr1−xLax)3Ir2O7. Increased electron filling accompanies an anomalous decrease of the chemical potential, as indicated by the overall movement of the deep valence bands. Such anomaly, suggestive of NEC, is shown to be primarily driven by the lowering in energy of the conduction band as the correlated bandgap reduces. Our finding points to a distinct pathway towards an uncharted territory of NEC featuring bulk correlated metals with unique potential for applications in low-power nanoelectronics and novel metamaterials.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    microRNA-148b suppresses hepatic cancer stem cell by targeting neuropilin-1 (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: The existence of cancer stem cells is considered as a direct reason for the failure of clinic treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidences have demonstrated that microRNAs play an important role in regulation of stem cell proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal, and their aberrances cause the formation of cancer stem cells and eventually result in carcinogenesis. We recently identified microRNA-148b as one of the microRNAs specifically down-regulated in side population cells of PLC/PRF/5 cell line. However, it remains elusive how microRNA-148b regulates cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we observed that over-expression or knock-down of miR-148b through lentiviral transfection could affect the proportion of side population cells as well as cancer stem cell-related gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. In addition, miR-148b blocking could stimulate cell proliferation, enhance chemosensitivity, as well as increase cell metastasis and angiogenesis in vitro . More importantly, miR-148b could significantly suppress tumorigenicity in vivo . Further studies revealed that Neuropilin-1, a transmembrane coreceptor involved in tumor initiation, metastasis and angiogenesis, might be the direct target of microRNA-148b. Taking together, our findings define that miR-148b might play a critical role in maintenance of side population cells with cancer stem cell properties by targeting Neuropilin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the potential to develop a new strategy specifically targeting hepatic cancer stem cells through restoration of miR-148b expression in future therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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