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  • Articles  (77)
  • Physics  (77)
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  • Articles  (77)
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  • 1
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    Forest fires: An example of self-organized critical behavior (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: Despite the many complexities concerning their initiation and propagation, forest fires exhibit power-law frequency-area statistics over many orders of magnitude. A simple forest fire model, which is an example of self-organized criticality, exhibits similar behavior. One practical implication of this result is that the frequency-area distribution of small and medium fires can be used to quantify the risk of large fires, as is routinely done for earthquakes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malamud -- Morein -- Turcotte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1840-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Geophysical Geodesy. The Slow Deformations of the Earth. Kurt Lambeck. Clarendon (Oxford University Press), New York, 1988. xii, 718 pp., illus. $135; paper, $55 (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turcotte, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Nowcasting Earthquakes (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-11
    Description: Nowcasting is a term originating from economics and finance. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy or markets at the current time by indirect means. We apply this idea to seismically active regions, where the goal is to determine the current state of the fault system, and its current level of progress through the earthquake cycle. In our implementation of this idea, we use the global catalog of earthquakes, using "small" earthquakes to determine the level of hazard from "large" earthquakes in the region. Our method does not involve any model other than the idea of an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specific region and a specific large earthquake magnitude of interest, ensuring that we have enough data to span at least ~20 or more large earthquake cycles in the region. We then compute the earthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the cumulative probability distribution P ( n  〈  n ( t )) for the current count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region. From the count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake, we determine the value of EPS =  P ( n  〈  n ( t )). EPS is therefore the current level of hazard, and assigns a number between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake cycle in the defined region at the current time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaotic seismic faulting with a mass-spring model and velocity-weakening friction (1992)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 138 (1992), S. 569-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismicity ; slide-blocks ; chaos ; earthquakes ; fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a systematic analysis of the dynamical behavior introduced by fault zone heterogeneities, using a simple mass-spring model with velocity-weakening friction. The model consists of two sliding blocks coupled to each other and to a constant velocity driver by clastic springs. The state of this system can be characterized by the positions of the two blocks relative to the driver. Symmetry stabilizes the system and generates only cyclic behavior. For an asymmetric system where the frictional forces for the two blocks are not equal, the solutions exhibit chaotic behavior. The transition from stable cyclic behavior to chaos is characterized by the period-doubling route to chaos. Lyapunov exponents are computed to quantify the deterministic chaos and to locate the onset of the chaotic evolution in parameter space. In many examples of deterministic chaos, chaotic behavior of a low-order system implies chaos in similar higher order systems. Thus, our results provide substantial evidence that crustal deformation is an example of deterministic chaos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876339
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress accumulation and release on the San Andreas fault (1977)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stress in lithosphere ; San Andreas fault ; Viscoelastic relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The San Andreas fault can be divided into locked and free sections. On the locked sections accumulated slip is released in great earthquakes. On the free sections slip is occurring continuously either aseismically or during smaller earthquakes. Stress drops during earthquakes can be estimated from the ratio of short to long period amplitudes and from surface strain. Surface heat flow may provide an upper bound on the absolute stress. The failure or yield stress must reach a maximum at some depth on the fault. This maximum may occur in the near-surface brittle zone or deeper in the plastic zone of the fault. The historic distribution of seismic activity provides information on the stress level. The accumulation of strain and stress on the fault can be predicted using elastic theory. It is necessary, however, to include the viscous coupling of the lithosphere to the asthenosphere in order to fully model the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow visualization studies of two-phase thermal convection in a porous layer (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Convective heat transfer ; Conductive heat transfer ; Water velocity ; Nusselt number ; Water-steam boundary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two-phase thermal convection has been studied in a porous layer heated from below. A water saturated porous layer was heated so that boiling occurred on the lower boundary. In order to observe flow patterns one lateral dimension of the apparatus was made small. At moderate heat fluxes a water zone overlay a two-phase, steam-water zone. Water velocities and streamlines were obtained as well as the location of the two-phase zone for several heat fluxes. Within the water zone heat transfer took place due to both conduction and convection. In the two-phase zone heat transfer took place due to counterpercolation of steam and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthquake Prediction (1991)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 19 (1991), S. 263-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.19.050191.001403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the Moon's orbit and the origin of life (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 124-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 a, Data on the number of solar days in a year from molluscan shells is compared with the dependence we predicted and the value deduced from satellite observations (Newton11), b, Data on the number of solar days in a lunar month as in a. Error bars are standard deviations of the data, c, Data ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/251124a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problem of High Heat Flow and Volcanism associated with Zones of Descending Mantle Convective Flow (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On the inshore side of the trenches there commonly occur arcuate strings of islands which are largely built of volcanic material and are frequently the site of current andesitic and basaltic volcanic activity. Recent heat-flow studies of Vacquier and others4 in the sea of Japan, and studies in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2181041a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Estimate for Heat Flow at Oceanic Ridges (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 1354-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Considering one half of a symmetrical model for a mid-ocean ridge, the formation of new crust by igneous activity requires the release of heat at a rate, Q^ where (?*〉 = wAp(£ + (7pAjP) andi£ is the half spreading rate, h is the thickness of the igneous material in the crust, p its ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2231354a0
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