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  • Articles  (221)
  • Geosciences  (221)
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  • Articles  (221)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eluviation of dissolved organic carbon under wetting and drying and its influence on water infiltration in degraded soils restored with vegetation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: One mechanism in the restoration of severely degraded soil by vegetation might be the movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to macropore and aggregate surfaces. We propose that this lowers the soil wetting rate and subsequently its slaking resistance by creating a partially hydrophobic surface. In this study, we determined how wetting and drying (w/d) cycles redistribute DOC to soil surfaces, and how DOC affects hydrophobicity where it accumulates, in relation to the soil surface area to volume ratio and to different types of vegetation planted to restore a severely degraded soil. Repacked soil cores that simulate different soil aggregate sizes were tested. The results showed that w/d cycles increase surface DOC concentration through a depletion of DOC in the interior of the soil. Correspondingly, w/d cycles enhanced hydrophobicity, measured as a water repellency index, R, from 1.5–2.3 to 3.6–7.6, the values affected significantly by the type of vegetation. This index (R) did not change for a control soil with no vegetation. The link between the amount of DOC and water repellency was weak (coefficient of determination r2 = 0.06–0.26), indicating that DOC quality was probably more important than its quantity. Although increasing the core size resulted in a greater accumulation of DOC on the drying surface of the core, the impact of this on water repellency was minimal. Incubation caused a decrease in the amount of DOC, but had minimal influence on water repellency. This work improves the understanding of changes in soil wetting and soil stabilization under processes of natural weathering and vegetation restoration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00641.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4-(1H,3H+-1,3-Benzimidazol-2-ylio)pyridine N-oxide dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate (1999)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1929-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270199010185
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Debye-Waller factor of molybdenum by powder neutron diffraction (1992)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 25 (1992), S. 797-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Debye–Waller factor of molybdenum has been determined by the powder neutron diffraction technique with a double-axis neutron diffractometer. The B value after correction for thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) was 0.25 (1) Å2, which corresponds to a Debye temperature Θ of 385 (7) K. These values are in good agreement with the values determined by others using X-ray diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889892007416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratigraphy of the upper cretaceous and lower tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area, China) (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 723-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Biostratigraphy ; Lower Tertiary ; Indian shelf ; Upper Cretaceous ; Foraminifers ; Lithostratigraphy ; Passive continental margin ; Tethys Himalaya ; Tibet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian - Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian - Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian - Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression — regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian - Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(methylthio)ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The title compound {alternative nomenclature: 2-[4,5-bis(methylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-5,6-dihydro-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiine}, C10H10S8, is a molecular crystal with typical values for bond distances and angles. The molecules form columns along the c axis. The intermolecular S...S distances indicate the presence of van der Waals interactions between the columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195012832
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature factor of silicon by powder neutron diffraction (1990)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 435-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The temperature factor of silicon has been determined by the powder neutron diffraction technique employing a double-axis neutron diffractometer. A neutron wavelength of 1.184 Å was used in the experiment. The sample used was a fine powder of silicon of purity 99.999%. The correction to the observed intensities due to thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) was not applied as the neutron velocity of 3.34 km s-1 (corresponding to neutron wavelength of 1.184 Å) is less than the minimum velocity of sound in this crystal. The B value obtained from these experiments was found to be 0.45 (2) Å〈sup/〉, corresponding to a mean-square vibrational amplitude of 0.017 (2) Å2 and to a Debye temperature of 531 (11) K at the sample temperature of 284 K at which the experiment was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767389013401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of decagonal Al70Ni15Co15 (1993)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 661-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768193003143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area, China) (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 723-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Biostratigraphy ; Lower Tertiary ; Indian shelf ; Upper Cretaceous ; Foraminifers ; Lithostratigraphy ; Passive continental margin ; Tethys Himalaya ; Tibet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian – Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian – Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian – Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression – regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian – Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consolidation of clays subjected to three-dimensional embankment loadings (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 15 (1991), S. 857-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A Fourier transform technique is presented which may be used to analyse three-dimensional consolidation problems for soils which are loaded by embankment shaped loadings that are rectangular in plan (or of arbitrary shape which can be divided into rectangles in plan). The introduction of a Fourier transform effectively reduces the three-dimensional problem to one involving only two spatial dimensions and this reduces computer storage and saves computing and data preparation time. The material properties of the soil may vary arbitrarily in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis associated with the variable eliminated during the Fourier transform. Solutions obtained using the method are compared with existing solutions in order to verify the theory and assess accuracy, and illustrative examples are given for problems involving the consolidation of soils under embankment loadings.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610151203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite layer analysis of the behaviour of a raft on a consolidating soil (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18 (1994), S. 237-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A numerical method is developed in this paper for the analysis of the behaviour of a raft resting on a consolidating soil. The response of the raft under an applied loading is determined using the finite layer method for the soil and the finite element method for the raft. By considering deflection compatibility on the contact surface, the distribution of contact pressure is computed at various time steps. The settlement and bending moment in the raft is then evaluated by applying the calculated contact pressure back to the raft. It is shown that, in some cases, the maximum moment in the raft occurs during consolidation and that checking the final moment in the raft by use of elastic theory may not be sufficient.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610180403
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