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  • Articles  (129)
  • Geosciences  (129)
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  • Articles  (129)
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  • 1
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    Modelling seismic catalogues by cascade models: Do we need long-term magnitude correlations? (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-26
    Description: SUMMARY We consider sequences of earthquakes from northern and southern California. We study these data sets for long-term persistence using the concept of natural time and fluctuation analyses. We also construct a simulation model for regional seismicity using random background seismicity and the BASS model for aftershock occurrence. We include in the simulation model corrections for long-term persistence in the background seismicity and for missing data early in aftershock sequences. We find excellent agreement between the California data and the simulations indicating significant long-term correlations in earthquake magnitudes.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
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    Nowcasting Earthquakes (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-11
    Description: Nowcasting is a term originating from economics and finance. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy or markets at the current time by indirect means. We apply this idea to seismically active regions, where the goal is to determine the current state of the fault system, and its current level of progress through the earthquake cycle. In our implementation of this idea, we use the global catalog of earthquakes, using "small" earthquakes to determine the level of hazard from "large" earthquakes in the region. Our method does not involve any model other than the idea of an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specific region and a specific large earthquake magnitude of interest, ensuring that we have enough data to span at least ~20 or more large earthquake cycles in the region. We then compute the earthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the cumulative probability distribution P ( n  〈  n ( t )) for the current count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region. From the count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake, we determine the value of EPS =  P ( n  〈  n ( t )). EPS is therefore the current level of hazard, and assigns a number between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake cycle in the defined region at the current time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Oil Generation in Overthrust Belts (1983)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 4
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    Synthetic Passive Margin Stratigraphy (1984)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 5
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    Thermal Subsidence and Compaction in Sedimentary Basins: Application to Baltimore Canyon Trough (1981)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaotic seismic faulting with a mass-spring model and velocity-weakening friction (1992)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 138 (1992), S. 569-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismicity ; slide-blocks ; chaos ; earthquakes ; fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a systematic analysis of the dynamical behavior introduced by fault zone heterogeneities, using a simple mass-spring model with velocity-weakening friction. The model consists of two sliding blocks coupled to each other and to a constant velocity driver by clastic springs. The state of this system can be characterized by the positions of the two blocks relative to the driver. Symmetry stabilizes the system and generates only cyclic behavior. For an asymmetric system where the frictional forces for the two blocks are not equal, the solutions exhibit chaotic behavior. The transition from stable cyclic behavior to chaos is characterized by the period-doubling route to chaos. Lyapunov exponents are computed to quantify the deterministic chaos and to locate the onset of the chaotic evolution in parameter space. In many examples of deterministic chaos, chaotic behavior of a low-order system implies chaos in similar higher order systems. Thus, our results provide substantial evidence that crustal deformation is an example of deterministic chaos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876339
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress accumulation and release on the San Andreas fault (1977)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stress in lithosphere ; San Andreas fault ; Viscoelastic relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The San Andreas fault can be divided into locked and free sections. On the locked sections accumulated slip is released in great earthquakes. On the free sections slip is occurring continuously either aseismically or during smaller earthquakes. Stress drops during earthquakes can be estimated from the ratio of short to long period amplitudes and from surface strain. Surface heat flow may provide an upper bound on the absolute stress. The failure or yield stress must reach a maximum at some depth on the fault. This maximum may occur in the near-surface brittle zone or deeper in the plastic zone of the fault. The historic distribution of seismic activity provides information on the stress level. The accumulation of strain and stress on the fault can be predicted using elastic theory. It is necessary, however, to include the viscous coupling of the lithosphere to the asthenosphere in order to fully model the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow visualization studies of two-phase thermal convection in a porous layer (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Convective heat transfer ; Conductive heat transfer ; Water velocity ; Nusselt number ; Water-steam boundary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two-phase thermal convection has been studied in a porous layer heated from below. A water saturated porous layer was heated so that boiling occurred on the lower boundary. In order to observe flow patterns one lateral dimension of the apparatus was made small. At moderate heat fluxes a water zone overlay a two-phase, steam-water zone. Water velocities and streamlines were obtained as well as the location of the two-phase zone for several heat fluxes. Within the water zone heat transfer took place due to both conduction and convection. In the two-phase zone heat transfer took place due to counterpercolation of steam and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthquake Prediction (1991)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 19 (1991), S. 263-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.19.050191.001403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cascade model for fluvial geomorphology (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 100 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Erosional landscapes are generally scale invariant and fractal. Spectral studies provide quantitative confirmation of this statement. Linear theories of erosion will not generate scale-invariant topography. In order to explain the fractal behaviour of landscapes we have introduced a modified Fourier series that is the basis for a renormalization approach. We have introduced a non-linear dynamical model for the decay of the modified Fourier series coefficients that yield a fractal spectra. We argue that a physical basis for our approach is that a fractal (or nearly fractal) distribution of storms (floods) continually renews erosional features on all scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00696.x
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