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  • Articles  (449)
  • Geography  (449)
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  • Articles  (449)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY AND RADICAL-LIBERAL DIALOGUE (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00704.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USING UNCENSORED TRACE-LEVEL MEASUREMENTS TO DETECT TRENDS IN GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Environmental decision making involving trace-levels of contaminants can be complicated by censoring, the practice of reporting concentrations either as less than the limit of detection (LOD) or as not detected (ND) when a test result is less than the LOD. Censoring can result in data series that are difficult to meaningfully summarize, graph, and analyze through traditional statistical methods. In spite of the relatively large measurement errors associated with test results below the LOD, simple and meaningful analyses can be carried out that provide valuable information not available if data are censored. For example, an indication of increasing levels of contamination at the fringe of a plume can act as an early warning signal to trigger further study, an increased sampling frequency, or a higher level of remediation at the source. This paper involves the application of nonparametric trend analyses to uncensored trace-level groundwater monitoring data collected between March 1991 and August 1994 on dissolved arsenic and chromium for seven wells at an industrial site in New York.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03477.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATING CENTRAL TENDENCY FROM UNCENSORED TRACE LEVEL MEASUREMENTS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 27 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The statistical analysis of data which have trace level measurements has traditionally been a two-step process in which data are first censored using criteria based on measurement precision, and then analyzed with statistical methods for censored data. The process might be more informative if data were left uncensored. In this paper, information loss attributable to censoring and measurement noise are assessed by comparing the sample mean and median of uncensored measurements with a log regression mean and median based on censored data. Measurements are derived from lognormal parent distributions which have random variability characteristic of trace level measurement. The relative performance of estimators used with error-free samples and with samples having measurement noise can be explained by differences between the probability distributions of parents and measurements. Measurement introduces bias and dispersion and transforms lognormal parent distributions toward greater symmetry. Estimates using uncensored data are less biased and more accurate than the log regression mean and median when censoring exceeds about 50 percent, and are not much worse at any fraction censored. For data with many (80 percent) results below the limit of detection, bias may be quite severe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb01470.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of experimental removal of woody debris on the channel morphology of a forest, gravel-bed stream
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Hydrology 152 (1993), S. 153-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1694
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90144-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent trends in LDC military expenditures
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 17 (1989), S. 1573-1584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-750X(89)90028-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An eclectic model of recent LDC macroeconomic policy analyses
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 10 (1982), S. 751-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-750X(82)90027-4
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost - effectiveness analysis in practice: A case study of domestic water supplies in an African country
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 6 (1978), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-750X(78)90007-4
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HERBICIDES AND TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Most herbicides applied to crops are adsorbed by plants or transformed (degraded) in the soil, but small fractions are lost from fields and either move to streams in overland runoff, near surface flow, or subsurface drains, or they infiltrate slowly to ground water. Herbicide transformation products (TPs) can be more or less mobile and more or less toxic in the environment than their source herbicides. To obtain information on the concentrations of selected herbicides and TPs in surface waters of the Midwestern United States, 151 water samples were collected from 71 streams and five reservoir outflows in 1998. These samples were analyzed for 13 herbicides and 10 herbicide TPs. Herbicide TPs were found to occur as frequently or more frequently than source herbicides and at concentrations that were often larger than their source herbicides. Most samples contained a mixture of more than 10 different herbicides or TPs. The ratios of TPs to herbicide concentrations can be used to determine the source of herbicides in streams. Results of a two-component mixing model suggest that on average 90 percent or more of the herbicide mass in Midwestern streams during early summer runoff events originates from the runoff and 10 percent or less comes from increased ground water discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SMALL SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL STREAMS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Coastal watersheds in the southeastern United States are rapidly changing due to population growth and attendant increases in residential development, industry, and tourism related commerce. This research examined spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient concentrations in streams from 10 small watersheds (〈 4 km2) that drain into Murrells Inlet (impacted) and North Inlet (pristine), two high salinity estuaries along the South Carolina coast. Monthly grab samples were collected during baseflow during 1999 and analyzed for total and dissolved inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Data were grouped into forested wetland creeks (representing predevelopment reference sites), urban creeks, and urban ponds. DON and NH4 concentrations were greater in forested streams than in urban streams. NO3 and TP concentrations were greatest in urban streams. Seasonally, concentrations were highest during summer for TN, NH4, DON, and TP, while NO3 concentrations were greatest during winter. Nutrient ratios clearly highlighted the reduction in organic nitrogen due to coastal development. Multiple regression models to predict instream nutrient concentrations from land use in Murrells Inlet suggest that effects are not significant (small r2). The findings indicate that broad land use/land cover classes cannot be used to predict nutrient concentrations in streams in the very small watersheds in our study areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04385.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone effects on wheat in relation to CO2: modelling short-term and long-term responses of leaf photosynthesis and leaf duration (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: A combined stomatal–photosynthesis model was extended to simulate the effects of ozone exposure on leaf photosynthesis and leaf duration in relation to CO2. We assume that ozone has a short-term and a long-term effect on the Rubisco-limited rate of photosynthesis, Ac. Elevated CO2 counteracts ozone damage via stomatal closure. Ozone is detoxified at uptake rates below a threshold value above which Ac decreases linearly with the rate of ozone uptake. Reduction in Ac is transient and depends on leaf age. Leaf duration decreases depending on accumulated ozone uptake. This approach is introduced into the mechanistic crop simulation model AFRCWHEAT2. The derived model, AFRCWHEAT2-O3, is used to test the capability of these assumptions to explain responses at the plant and crop level.Simulations of short-term and long-term responses of leaf photosynthesis, leaf duration and plant and crop growth to ozone exposure in response to CO2 are analysed and compared with experimental data derived from the literature. The model successfully reproduced published responses of leaf photosynthesis, leaf duration, radiation use efficiency and final biomass of wheat to elevated ozone and CO2. However, simulations were unsatisfactory for cumulative radiation interception which had some impact on the accuracy of predictions of final biomass. There were responses of leaf-area index to CO2 and ozone as a result of effects on tillering which were not accounted for in the present model. We suggest that some model assumptions need to be tested, or analysed further to improve the mechanistic understanding of the combined effects of changes in ozone and CO2 concentrations on leaf photosynthesis and senescence. We conclude that research is particularly needed to improve the understanding of leaf-area dynamics in response to ozone exposure and elevated CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00351.x
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