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  • Articles  (21)
  • Geography  (21)
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  • Articles  (21)
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  • 1
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    Evaluating the distribution of water resources in western Canada using synoptic climatology and selected teleconnections. Part 2: Summer season (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-02
    Description: Minor changes to seasonal air temperature and precipitation can have a substantial impact on the availability of water resources within large watersheds. Two such watersheds, the north-flowing Mackenzie and east-flowing Saskatchewan Basins have been identified as highly vulnerable to such changes, and, therefore, selected for study as part of the Climatic Redistribution of western Canadian Water Resources (CROCWR) project. CROCWR aims to evaluate spatial and temporal changes to water resource distribution through the analysis of a suite of hydroclimatic and streamflow variables. As part of this analysis, dominant summer (May-Oct) circulation patterns at 500-hPa for 1950-2011 are identified using the method of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). Surface climate variables associated with these patterns are then identified, including both daily air temperature and precipitation, and seasonal Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values. Statistical methods are applied to assess the relationships between dominant circulation patterns and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Results indicate that mid-summer (Jul-Aug) is dominated by a split-flow blocking pattern, resulting in cool (warm), wet (dry) conditions in the southern (northern) portion of the study area. By contrast, the shoulder season (May and Oct) is dominated by a trough of low-pressure over the North Pacific Ocean. The frequency of weak split-flow blocking is higher during positive SOI and negative PDO, while ridging over the western continent is more frequent during negative SOI and positive PDO. Results from this analysis increase our knowledge of processes controlling the distribution of summer water resources in western Canada. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, Pages 3457-3475: Subsurface Ocean Signals from an Orbiting Polarization Lidar (2013)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-20
    Description: Detection of subsurface returns from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite were demonstrated. Despite the coarse range resolution of this aerosol lidar, evidence of subsurface scattering was observed as a delay and broadening of the cross-polarized signal relative to the co-polarized signal in the three near-surface range bins. These two effects contributed to an increased depolarization at the nominal depth of 25 m. These features were all correlated with near-surface chlorophyll concentrations. An increase in the depolarization was also seen at a depth of 50 m under certain conditions, suggesting that chlorophyll concentration at that depth could be estimated if an appropriate retrieval technique can be developed. At greater depths, the signal is dominated by the temporal response of the detectors, which was approximated by an analytical expression. The depolarization caused by aerosols in the atmosphere was calculated and eliminated as a possible artifact.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Evaluating the distribution of water resources in western Canada using synoptic climatology and selected teleconnections. Part 1: Winter season (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-07
    Description: The Climatic Redistribution of western Canadian Water Resources (CROCWR) project was designed to identify regions of increased/decreased water availability by evaluating a suite of atmospheric, hydroclimatic, and streamflow variables. This research component focuses on the atmospheric drivers of air temperature and precipitation in the watersheds originating on the leeward slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Dominant winter (Nov-Apr) synoptic-scale mid-tropospheric circulation patterns from 1950-2011 are classified using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), and frequency distributions for positive/negative phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) are statistically compared. Corresponding high-resolution gridded temperature and precipitation anomalies are calculated for each synoptic type and spatial patterns of above/below average temperature and precipitation and north/south gradients are identified. Gridded six-month values of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are also used to categorize winters into regions of high/low snowpack. Results indicate high-pressure ridges over the Pacific Ocean (western North America) and low-pressure troughs over western North America (Pacific Ocean) are associated with anomalously cool (warm), wet (dry) conditions in the study region. Several statistically different synoptic type frequencies were found for positive/negative phases of the SOI, PDO, and AO. Most notably, positive (negative) phases of the SOI and negative (positive) phases of the PDO are associated with a higher (lower) frequency of ridging over the Pacific Ocean (western North America). Through improved knowledge of the relationships between teleconnections, mid-tropospheric circulation, and surface climate, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in western Canada is better understood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Increasing Daily Precipitation Intensity Associated with Warmer Air Temperatures over Northern Eurasia (2016)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-11
    Description: This study uses 45 years of observational records from 517 historical surface weather stations over northern Eurasia to examine changing precipitation characteristics associated with increasing air temperatures. Results suggest that warming air temperatures over northern Eurasia have been accompanied by higher precipitation intensity but lower frequency and little change in annual precipitation total. An increase in daily precipitation intensity of around 1%–3% per each degree of air temperature increase is found for all seasons as long as a station’s seasonal mean air temperature is below about 15°–16°C. This threshold temperature may be location dependent. At temperatures above this threshold, precipitation intensity switches to decreasing with increasing air temperature, possibly related to decreasing water vapor associated with extreme high temperatures. Furthermore, the major atmospheric circulation of the Arctic Oscillation, Scandinavian pattern, east Atlantic–western Eurasian pattern, and polar–Eurasian pattern also have significant influences on precipitation intensity in winter, spring, and summer over certain areas of northern Eurasia.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 5
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    Analysis of scattering characteristics from inland bodies of water observed by CYGNSS (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-4257
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0704
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Seasonal variability in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0277-3791
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-457X
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
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    Multi-proxy record of postglacial environmental change, south-central Melville Island, Northwest Territories, Canada (2010)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-01
    Description: A sediment core from Lake BC01 (75"10.945?N, 111"55.181?W, 225"m asl) on south-central Melville Island, NWT, Canada, provides the first continuous postglacial environmental record for the region. Fossil pollen results indicate that the postglacial landscape was dominated by Poaceae and Salix, typical of a High Arctic plant community, whereas the Arctic herb Oxyria underwent a gradual increase during the late Holocene. Pollen-based climate reconstructions suggests the presence of a cold and dry period ~12,000"cal yr BP, possibly representing the Younger Dryas, followed by warmer and wetter conditions from 11,000 to 5000"cal yr BP, likely reflective of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. The climate then underwent a gradual cooling and drying from 5000"cal yr BP to the present, suggesting a late Holocene neoglacial cooling. Diatom preservation was poor prior to 5000"cal yr BP, when conditions were warmest, suggesting that diatom dissolution may in part be climatically controlled. Diatom concentrations were highest ~4500"cal yr BP but then decreased substantially by 3500"cal yr BP and remained low before recovering slightly in the 20th century. An abrupt warming occurred during the past 70 yr at the site, although the magnitude of this warming did not exceed that of the early Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Synchronous climatic change inferred from diatom records in four western Montana lakes in the U.S. Rocky Mountains (2012)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: Late-Holocene environmental and climatic conditions were reconstructed from diatom assemblages in sediment cores from four western Montana lakes: Crevice Lake, Foy Lake, Morrison Lake, and Reservoir Lake. The lakes show synchroneity in timing of shifts in diatom community structure, but the nature of these changes differs among the lakes. Two of the sites provide highly resolved records of hydrologic balance, while the other two stratigraphic sequences primarily record temperature impact on lake thermal structure. All four lakes show significant change in five discrete intervals: 2200–2100, 1700–1600, 1350–1200, 800–600, and 250 cal yr BP. The similarities in the timing of change suggest overlying regional climatic influences on lake dynamics. The 800–600 cal yr BP shift is evident in other paleorecords throughout the Great Plains and western US, associated with the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age. Large-scale climatic mechanisms that influence these lake environments may result from atmospheric circulation patterns that are driven by interactions between Pacific and Atlantic sea-surface temperatures, which are then locally modified by topography.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Evaluating the distribution of water resources in western Canada using synoptic climatology and selected teleconnections. Part 2: summer season (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-11
    Description: Minor changes to seasonal air temperature and precipitation can have a substantial impact on the availability of water resources within large watersheds. Two such watersheds, the north-flowing Mackenzie and east-flowing Saskatchewan Basins, have been identified as highly vulnerable to such changes and, therefore, selected for study as part of the Climatic Redistribution of western Canadian Water Resources project. This project aims to evaluate spatial and temporal changes to water resource distribution through the analysis of a suite of hydroclimatic and streamflow variables. As part of this analysis, dominant summer (May-October) circulation patterns at 500hPa for 1950-2011 are identified using the method of self-organizing maps. Surface climate variables associated with these patterns are then identified, including both daily air temperature and precipitation and seasonal Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values. Statistical methods are applied to assess the relationships between dominant circulation patterns and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Results indicate that mid-summer (July-August) is dominated by a split-flow blocking pattern, resulting in cool (warm), wet (dry) conditions in the southern (northern) portion of the study area. By contrast, the shoulder season (May and October) is dominated by a trough of low pressure over the North Pacific Ocean. The frequency of weak split-flow blocking is higher during positive SOI and negative PDO, whereas ridging over the western continent is more frequent during negative SOI and positive PDO. Results from this analysis increase our knowledge of processes, controlling the distribution of summer water resources in western Canada. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Evaluating the distribution of water resources in western Canada using synoptic climatology and selected teleconnections. Part 1: winter season (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-11
    Description: The Climatic Redistribution of western Canadian Water Resources project was designed to identify regions of increased/decreased water availability by evaluating a suite of atmospheric, hydroclimatic and streamflow variables. This research component focuses on the atmospheric drivers of air temperature and precipitation in the watersheds originating on the leeward slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Dominant winter (November-April) synoptic-scale mid-tropospheric circulation patterns from 1950 to 2011 are classified using self-organizing maps, and frequency distributions for positive/negative phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Arctic Oscillation are statistically compared. Corresponding high-resolution gridded temperature and precipitation anomalies are calculated for each synoptic type, and spatial patterns of above/below-average temperature and precipitation and north/south gradients are identified. Gridded 6-month values of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index are also used to categorize winters into regions of high/low snowpack. Results indicate high-pressure ridges over the Pacific Ocean (western North America), and low-pressure troughs over western North America (Pacific Ocean) are associated with anomalously cool (warm) and wet (dry) conditions in the study region. Several statistically different synoptic type frequencies were found for positive/negative phases of the SOI, PDO and Arctic Oscillation. Most notably, positive (negative) phases of the SOI and negative (positive) phases of the PDO are associated with a higher (lower) frequency of ridging over the Pacific Ocean (western North America). Through improved knowledge of the relationships between teleconnections, mid-tropospheric circulation and surface climate, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in western Canada is better understood. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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