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  • Other Sources  (54)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Infrared spectra of supernova 1987A taken in April and November 1987 are presented, showing two distinctly different stages in the evolution of the expanding gas shell. The optical and infrared spectrum in April originated from the hydrogen envelope and show weak hydrogen lines rising above a 5,000-K photospheric continuum. The November spectrum was dominated by strong emission lines from heavy elements as well as many lines from highly excited levels of hydrogen, with peak flux levels in the lines at or slightly above the level of the continuum in April. It is concluded that the inner regions of the supernova were just becoming visible in early 1988. It is expected that these regions contain heavy elements produced by advanced nuclear burning stages in the progenitor star and in the shock wave that ejected all material external to the iron core.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 331; 505
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An argument is made for the existence of a significant role for neutrinos in the nuclear chemistry of an exploding supernova. Emphasis is given to the neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis of fluorine. It is shown that fluorine's solar abundance constrains the temperature of muon and tauon neutrinos to values near what is expected from the standard model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 334; 45-47
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is argued here that the millisecond pulsar in SN1987A has been spun up by accretion. The accreted angular momentum in this case comes from the mixed mantle and helium core of the ejecta, of which roughly 0.1 solar mass fell back during the first day after the explosion. This sizable mass, and hence angular momentum, of the reimploded material is at least partly a consequence of the blue supergiant nature of the progenitor star.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 338; 321
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: How the 10-earth mass planet in a nearly circular 0.7 AU orbit around PSR1829 - 10 might have been created inside the young SNR is described. It is proposed that the planet formed from a rotationally supported disk of about 0.02 solar mass of heavy elements that fell back from the supernova explosion to an initial radius of about 1000 km. Viscous evolution of the disk then concentrated most of its angular momentum into a small amount of material at the disk's outer extremity: 10 earth masses at 10 exp 13 cm. Here, dust grains that had condensed and precipitated toward the midplane grew through cohesive collisions and gravitational instabilities into 100-km planetesimals which coagulated into the planet on a million-yr time scale. The presence of a more massive and more distant second planet is found to be unlikely.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 353; 827-829
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Gamma ray bursts (GFU3s) are known to come in two duration classes, separated at approx.2 s. Long bursts originate from star forming regions in galaxies, have accompanying supernovae (SNe) when near enough to observe and are likely caused by massive-star collapsars. Recent observations show that short bursts originate in regions within their host galaxies with lower star formation rates, consistent with binary neutron star (NS) or NS - black hole (BH) mergers. Moreover, although their hosts are predominantly nearby galaxies, no SNe have been so far associated with short GRBs. We report here on the bright, nearby GRB 060614 that does not fit in either class. Its approx.102 s duration groups it with long GRBs, while its temporal lag and peak luminosity fall entirely within the short GRB subclass. Moreover, very deep optical observations exclude an accompanying supernova, similar to short GRBs. This combination of a long duration event without accompanying SN poses a challenge to both a collapsar and merging NS interpretation and opens the door on a new GRB classification scheme that straddles both long and short bursts.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The major targets for the gamma ray spectroscopy of supernovae are reviewed. The principle benefit of such observations is the insight provided into the mechanisms of supernova explosions, the distribution and nature of star forming regions in our Galaxy, and the history of the nucleosynthesis of our Galaxy. The emphasis is on two short lived species, Co-56 and Ti-44 which may be seen in individual events and two longer lived species, Al-26 and Fe-60, which can be seen as the cumulative production of many supernovae.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: ; 21-24
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the expected gamma ray signatures of Galactic supernovae of all types to estimate the significance of the lack of a gamma ray signal due to supernovae occurring during the last millenium. Using recent estimates of the nuclear yields, we determine mean Galactic supernova rates consistent with the historic supernova record and the gamma ray limits. Another objective of these calculations of Galactic supernova histories is their application to surveys of diffuse Galactic gamma ray line emission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy: The Diffuse Galactic Glow; 9 p
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Monte Carlo simulations of the expected gamma-ray signatures of galactic supernovae of all types are performed in order to estimate the significance of the lack of a gamma-ray signal due to supernovae occurring during the last millenium. Using recent estimates of nuclear yields, we determine galactic supernova rates consistent with the historic supernova record and the gamma-ray limits. Another objective of these calculations of galactic supernova histories is their application to surveys of diffuse galactic gamma-ray line emission.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, The Compton Observatory Science Workshop; p 388-396
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The production of heavy nuclei during explosive helium burning has been calculated using a hydrodynamical model of a 15-solar mass (Type II) supernova and an n-process nuclear reaction network. It is found that the resulting neutron-rich heavy nuclei are not produced in the relative abundances of solar-system r-process material, especially in the vicinity of Pt, nor are any actinides produced. These deficiencies reflect an inadequate supply of neutrons. However, some neutron-rich isotopes, normally associated with the r-process, are produced which may be significant for the production of isotopic anomalies in meteorites.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 248
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The pattern of abundances within the iron-abundance peak of the solar system is analyzed for various Cr, Fe, and Ni abundances, and a method is developed for finding the best fit to a given set of abundances with a chosen number of zones, i.e., mass contributions characterized by differing values of eta. This material can be synthesized by a superposition of e-process compositions in a low-eta region (eta = 0.003) and a high-eta region (eta = 0.065 -0.080) with at least 85% coming from the low-eta region. Addition of a third eta zone is unproductive. The applicability of the particle-poor freeze out is discussed in the light of these abundances, and the results of employing different numbers and types of zones are interpreted as an indication of the relative abundances themselves. Ejection of the low-eta zones is of great interest in gamma-ray astronomy and for empirical testing of theories of nucleosynthesis. The distribution of high zones should give important information about the formation of collapsed remnants.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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