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  • 1
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    Prediction of LDEF exposure to the ionizing radiation environment (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Predictions of the LDEF mission's trapped proton and electron and galactic cosmic ray proton exposures have been made using the currently accepted models with improved resolution near mission end and better modeling of solar cycle effects. An extension of previous calculations, to provide a more definitive description of the LDEF exposure to ionizing radiation, is represented by trapped proton and electron flux as a function of mission time, presented considering altitude and solar activity variation during the mission and the change in galactic cosmic ray proton flux over the mission. Modifications of the AP8MAX and AP8MIN fluence led to a reduction of fluence by 20%. A modified interpolation model developed by Daly and Evans resulted in 30% higher dose and activation levels, which better agreed with measured values than results predicted using the Vette model.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Radiation measurements (ISSN 1350-4487); Volume 26; 6; 893-9
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The space radiation environment in low altitude and low inclination orbits (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Charged particle dose rates for men and radiation sensitive materials during long-duration flights in low orbit
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 495-499
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  • 3
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    Plane isotropic buildup factors for bremsstrahlung calculations (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-13
    Description: Monte Carlo generation of plane isotropic buildup factors for bremsstrahlung calculations
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: PROTECT. AGAINST SPACE RADIATION 1968; P 517-527
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The calculation of electron and bremsstrahlung dose rates (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-13
    Description: Electron and bremsstrahlung dose rate calculations from Monte Carlo energy transfer method and bremsstrahlung production method
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: PROTECT. AGAINST SPACE RADIATION 1968; P 529-538
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Spectra, composition, and interactions of nuclei with magnet interaction chambers (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Emulsion chambers will be flown in the Astromag Facility to measure the cosmic ray composition and spectra to 10 exp 15 eV total energy and to definitively study the characteristics of nucleus-nucleus interactions above 10 exp 12 eV/n. Two configurations of emulsion chambers will be flown in the SCIN/MAGIC experiment. One chamber has an emulsion target and a calorimeter similar to those recently flown on balloons for composition and spectra measurements. The other has an identical calorimeter and a low-density target section optimized for performing rigidity measurements on charged particles produced in interactions. The transverse momenta of charged and neutral mesons, direct hadronic pairs from resonance decays and interference effects, and possible charge clustering in high-density states of matter will be studied.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    Approximate angular distribution and spectra for geomagnetically trapped protons in low-earth orbit (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The highly anisotropic nature of the radiation in the low-earth orbit has been ignored for most spacecraft shielding calculations made to date because the standard environmental models describe the omnidirectional flux only, because the varying attitude of the spacecraft in the environment is assumed to average out the effect and because of the added complexity of the calculation. The Space Station is planned to be stabilized with respect to the velocity vector and local vertical. Thus it will pass through the South Atlantic Anomaly where most of the radiation flux is encountered in much the same attitude on each pass. Any calculation including a complex shielding geometry should thus consider the angular distributuon of the incident radiation. An approximate trapped proton angular distribution is presented which includes both the 'pan caked' distribution relative to the magnetic field direction and the east-west effect which is energy dependent. This distribution is then used with a planar shielding geometry to obtain an estimate of the effect of the anisotropy on radiation dose rates in spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 7
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    Nucleus-nucleus interactions between 20 and 65 GeV per nucleon (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A hybrid electronic-counter/emulsion-chamber instrument was exposed to high-energy cosmic rays on a balloon. The data on 105 nucleus-nucleus collisions in the energy range 20-65 GeV/nucleon and for incident nuclear charges Zp in the range of 22 to 28 are presented. Inclusive characteristics of particle production on different targets (plastic, emulsion, and lead) are shown and compared with models based on the superposition of nucleon-nucleus interactions. Features of a subset of the more central collisions with a plastic target and some characteristics of individual events with the highest multiplicity of produced particles are described.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields, 3rd Series (ISSN 0556-2821); 35; 824-832
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Effect of the Mott cross section on charge identification in the HEAO-3 Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Corrections to the Z-squared dependence of ion chamber and Cherenkov response due to the Mott cross section are calculated for the HEAO-3 Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment. The effect of the production and escape of high energy secondary electrons on detector response is accounted for by numerical calculations. These secondary electron effects are shown to influence the size of the non Z-squared effects and thus affect the charge assignments and detector resolution. The Bloch and relativistic Bloch corrections are not included in the results presented here but may be combined with the Mott corrections when the Bloch corrections are properly evaluated.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research (ISSN 0167-5087); 225; 185-194
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  • 9
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    Advantages of using a combination electromagnetic and material shield. (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Proton dose in receiver behind combination electromagnetic and material shield, calculating dose for Van Allen and solar proton event spectra
    Keywords: NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    The hard X-ray pulse profile of the transient source A0535+26 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Measurements of the 104 sec pulse profile of A0535+26 at energies near 50 keV are reported. The data were obtained with a balloon-borne detector system which was launched on May 22, 1975 with the objective to observe transient or periodic emissions from X-ray or gamma-ray sources. The presence of the source was detected by a superposed epoch analysis. The pulse profile of A0535+26 in two energy channels is presented in a graph.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 212
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