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  • Other Sources  (10)
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  • 1
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    Lightning activity and severe storm structure (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Space-time mapping of VHF sources from four severe storms on June 19, 1980 reveals that lightning processes for cloud-to-ground (CG) and large intracloud (IC) flashes are confined to an altitude below about 10 km and closely associated with the central regions of high reflectivity. Another class of IC flashes produces a splattering of sources within the storms' main electrically active volumes and also within the large divergent wind canopy aloft. There is no apparent temporal association between the small high altitude IC flashes that occur almost continuously and the large IC and CG flashes that occur sporadically in the lower portions of storms.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 545-548
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Lightning and related phenomena in isolated thunderstorms and squall line systems (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 22; 449-454
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Doppler radar echoes of lightning and precipitation at vertical incidence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital time series data at 16 heights within two storms were collected at vertical incidence with a 10-cm Doppler radar. On several occasions during data collection, lightning echoes were observed as increased reflectivity on an oscilloscope display. Simultaneously, lightning signals from nearby electric field change antennas were recorded on an analog recorder together with the radar echoes. Reflectivity, mean velocity, and Doppler spectra were examined by means of time series analysis for times during and after lightning discharges. Spectra from locations where lightning occurred show peaks, due to the motion of the lightning channel at the air speed. These peaks are considerably narrower than the ones due to precipitation. Besides indicating the vertical air velocity that can then be used to estimate hydrometeor-size distribution, the lightning spectra provide a convenient means to estimate the radar cross section of the channel. Subsequent to one discharge, we deduce that a rapid change in the orientation of hydrometeors occurred within the resolution volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Working Group 5: Measurements technology and active experiments (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Technology issues identified by working groups 5 are listed. (1) New instruments are needed to upgrade the ability to measure plasma properties in space. (2) Facilities should be developed for conducting a broad range of plasma experiments in space. (3) The ability to predict plasma weather within magnetospheres should be improved and a capability to modify plasma weather developed. (4) Methods of control of plasma spacecraft and spacecraft plasma interference should be upgraded. (5) The space station laboratory facilities should be designed with attention to problems of flexibility to allow for future growth. These issues are discussed.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Space Technology Plasma Issues in 2001; p 23-26
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Photographic verification of continuing current in positive cloud-to-ground flashes (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 6144-614
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Lightning activity observed in upper and lower portions of storms and its relationship to storm structure from VHF mapping and Doppler radar (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Space time mapping of very high frequencies (VHF) sources reveals lightning processes for cloud to ground (CG) and for large intracloud (IC) flashes are confined to an altitude below about 10 km and closely associated with the central high reflectivity region of a storm. Another class of IC flashes was identified that produces a splattering of small sources within the main electrically active volume of a storm and also within a large divergent wind canopy at the top of a storm. There is no apparent temporal association between the small high altitude IC flashes occurring almost continuously and the large IC and CG flashes sporadically occurring in the lower portions of storms.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: FAA Eighth Intern. Aerospace and Ground Conf. on Lightning and Static Elec.; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Some spatial and temporal relationships between lightning and storm structure and evolution (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: A number of systems were used to study relationships between lightning and other storm parameters. Instrumentation includes a system for locating cloud to ground lightning strike points, an acoustic lightning mapper and very high frequencies (VHF) (30 to 80 MHz) lightning mapper to study the structure and location of lightning, and S band radar to provide other storm data. Several characteristics of the reconstructed lightning have been relatively constant: (1) lightning structure is usually predominately horizontal; (2) lightning tends to occur preferrentially in certain altitude ranges that are only a few kilometers thick and above the O C isotherm; (3) it tends to occur near, but not necessarily inside, cores of high reflectivity (approximately or 45 dBz), and it often connects with regions of relatively weak reflectivity downstream from stronger reflectivity and updraft cores. Other relationships are also discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: FAA Eighth Intern. Aerospace and Ground Conf. on Lightning and Static Elec.; 7 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Lightning and related phenomena in thunderstorms and squall lines (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the past few years, cooperative research on storm electricity has yielded the following results of both basic and applied interest: (1) the intracloud to cloud-to-ground flashing ratio can be as great as 40:1; (2) as storm cells in a squall line dissipate, longer flashes become predominant; (3) there are two centers of lightning activity maxima that are vertically separated, the lower maximum at about 5 km and the upper at about 12 km. In addition, (4) storms produce lightning in their upper regions at a high rate; (5) lightning appears to be related in time to convective motions; (6) positive cloud-to-ground flashes occur in the severe stage of storms and in the later, well-developed stage of squall line storms; (7) mesoscale convective complexes have been observed to have cloud-to-ground flashing rates of more than 48/min; and (8) the electric field in anvils well away from the main storm core (more than 60 km) can be very high, more than 94 kV/m.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0467
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Research on electrical properties of severe thunderstorms in the Great Plains (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Techniques, equipment, and results of studies (1978-1980) to determine the relationships between electrical phenomena and the dynamics and precipitation of storms are reported. Doppler and conventional radar, video tapes and movies, and VHF recording devices were used to monitor an area 200 x 100 km, aligned SW to NE. The 23 cm radar and a Doppler radar were employed to acquire radar echoes from lightning. Observations of a squall line, a severe storm, and radar echoes from electrical discharges are described. Positively charged cloud-to-ground lightning was observed during the severe and final stages of severe storms; average lightning rates and total flashes for normal and severe storms are provided. Comparisons of lightning echoes and electric field changes indicated that abrupt increases in radar reflectivity were correlated with return strokes and K-type field changes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 62
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Preliminary results of the study of lightning location relative to storm structure and dynamics (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Lightning is being studied relative to storm structure using a VHF space-time discharge mapping system, radar, a cloud-to-ground flash locator, acoustic reconstruction of thunder, and other instrumentation. The horizontal discharge processes within the cloud generally propagate at speeds of 10,000-100,000 m/s. Horizontal extents of lightning were found up to 90 km. In an analysis of a limited number of flashes, lightning occurred in or near regions of high cyclonic shear. Positive cloud-to-ground flashes have been observed emanating from several identifiable regions of severe storms. Lightning echoes observed with 10-cm radar generally are 10-25 dB greater than the largest precipitation echo in the storm.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 81-0080 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 12, 1981 - Jan 15, 1981; St. Louis, MO
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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