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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite’s navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth’s magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA’s Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth’s magnetic field, is mainly within ± 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives.
    Description: European Space Agency (FR)
    Description: HEIBRIDS
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Description: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace-fo/MAGNETIC_FIELD
    Keywords: ddc:538.7 ; Earth’s magnetic field ; Geomagnetism ; Ionospheric currents ; Magnetospheric ring current ; Satellite-based magnetometers ; Platform magnetometers ; GRACE-FO
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Zum Ende des Jahres 2018 wurde in Deutschland der Steinkohlenbergbau eingestellt. Damit beginnt auch in den bis zuletzt aktiven Revieren die Phase des Nachbergbaus inklusive einer dauerhaften Wasserhaltung. Diese beinhaltet typischerweise eine teilweise Grubenflutung und die Ableitung von Grubenwasser in nahegelegene Vorfluter. Im Blickpunkt der öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion stehen bergbauliche Schadstoffquellen und deren Risiken für die oberflächennahen Trinkwasserressourcen. Es existieren eine Reihe Kriterien und Kontrollmechanismen, um potenziellen Schadstoffaustrag zu erkennen und zu verhindern. Dazu zählen moderne Monitoringprogramme und Modellanwendungen, welche bestehende Schadstoffprognosen verbessern können. Daneben ist auch eine rechtlich und fachlich begründete Bewertung von Gefahrenszenarios eine entscheidende Größe für nachhaltiges Risikomanagement. Der Grubenwasseranstieg eröffnet jedoch auch Chancen, ehemalige Bergwerke für energetische Nutzungen umzurüsten. Bereits heute werden Heizkraftwerke mit Grubenwasser betrieben und es besteht großes Ausbaupotenzial. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die Chancen und Risiken von Grubenflutungen in Deutschland und gibt einen Ausblick, welche Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen in Zukunft zu erwarten sind.
    Description: Universität Greifswald (1032)
    Description: Groundwater in former German coal mining areas—a scientific perspective on mine floodings
    Keywords: ddc:522 ; Mine water ; Hard coal mining ; Flooding ; Post-mining ; Monitoring
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The solubilization of arsenic (As) from an ore material (native Arsenic [As, trig.] with Lollingite [FeAs2, rh.]) was characterized in leaching tests lasting for ≤ 99 days. The experiments were performed with materials of different particle sizes (≤ 2 mm), in different waters and under test conditions relevant to As mobilization at near surface contaminated sites. The impact of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], metallic iron (Fe0), and pyrite (FeS2) on As release was accessed. Two different types of batch experiments were conducted with a constant amount of the base material and different types of water (deionised, mineral, spring, and tap water). For comparison parallel experiments were conducted with 0.1M EDTA, 0.1M Na2CO3 and 0.1M H2SO4. The results indicated no significant effect of carbonate addition on As solubilization. Fe0 and FeS2 addition essentially slowed the initial As solubilization. H2SO4 was the sole leaching agent significantly influencing As solubilization from the base material. The general trend assuming that the smaller the particle size the quicker the As release was not strictly verified because in samples of smaller particle sizes (d 〈 0.063) As was partly oxidized to more stable species.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551,9 ; VJF 000 ; Umweltgeochemie insgesamt
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 23 S.
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Zu den Zielen der Eiszeitforschung gehört das Erfassen der Stillstandslagen des nordischen Inlandeises. Im Tiefland haben sich dabei Morphologie und Leitgeschiebestatistik bewährt. In mittelgebirgigen Landschaften setzen erosive Abtragung der Moränen und fluviatile Umlagerung von Geschieben der Anwendung dieser Methoden oft enge Grenzen. Hier bietet sich als zusätzliche Methode die Grobgeschiebestatistik an. Danach lassen sich glaziale Halte auch aus der Ansammlung von fluviatil nicht transportablen groben nordischen Blöcken in schmalen Streifen im Gelände ablesen. Der Beitrag befaßt sich weiterhin mit den kritischen Einschränkungen des Aussagewertes der Methode, vor allem in Relation zu den herkömmlichen Verfahren. Einige Hinweise sollen der praktischen Arbeit mit der Grobgeschiebestatistik im Gelände dienen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; norddeutschland ; mittelgebirge ; grobgeschiebestatistik ; kartierung ; moräne ; morphologie ; eiszeit ; halte ; stillstandslage ; leitschiebestatistik ; fluviatile umlagerung
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Neu-Untersuchung vom „Brörup-Hotel-Moor" und anderer interglazialer Fundstätten aus Jütland haben gezeigt, daß der eigentlichen letzten Interglazialzeit eine kalte Solifluktionsperiode folgte. Ein langes, temperiertes Interstadial mit Birken- und zuletzt auch Fichten- und Föhrenwäldern ging der Hauptphase der letzten Vereisung voraus. Das Interstadial wird dem Göttweiger Interstadial und die vorhergehende kalte Periode dem Altwürm gleichgesetzt. Während der Solifluktionsperiode fanden Umlagerungen von interglazialem Material statt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; göttweiger interstadial ; jutland ; stratigraphy ; pollen ; brörup hotel bog ; interglacial ; old würm ; solifluction
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In der Arbeit wird erstmals für den nordwestdeutschen Raum eine saaleeiszeitliche Mittelmoräne beschrieben. Ihre Bildung ist eine Folge des Einflusses des Reliefs, besonders der Pässe des Wiehengebirges, auf das von Norden in die Herforder Liasmulde vordringende Inlandeis.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; saaleeiszeit ; nordwestdeutschland ; inlandeis ; mittelmoräne ; teutoburger wald ; wiehengebirge ; herforder liasmulde ; ravensberger mulde ; kiessandzug
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The effects of carbonate concentration and the presence of iron hydroxide phases on the process of arsenic release from an ore material were investigated under experimental oxic conditions and in the pH range from 6.0 to 9.0. These experimental conditions are pertinent to arsenic leaching from tailings and mining wastes. The leaching tests lasted for 〈= 99 days and were performed with materials of five different particle sizes (〈= 2 mm). Carbonate ions were produced in-situ by dolomite dissolution or were contained in used waters (0 to 30 mM as HCO(3)(-)) Iron hydroxide phases were formed in situ by oxidative dissolution of metallic iron (Fe(0)) or pyrite (FeS(2)). Non-disturbed batch experiments and air-homogenized experiments were conducted with a constant amount (10 g/L) of an arsenic-bearing rock (ore material) of a given particle size and different types of water (deionized, tap and mineral water). For comparison, experiments were conducted with 0.1 M EDTA, 0.1 M Na(2)CO(3), and 0.1 M H(2)SO(4). Neither the use of dolomite nor the use of water containing various carbonate (HCO(3)(-)) concentrations could confirm the recent results on the favorable role of As(III)-carbonate complexes on the arsenic transport in the environment. On the other hand, iron hydroxide phases (from Fe(0) and FeS(2)) univocally delayed the As release in both experimental procedures. Furthermore, the theoretically expected effects of the particle size of the ore material was observed. If one takes into consideration that the used HCO(3)(-) concentrations were up to six times larger then those of natural surface waters (〈= 5.5 mM) but up to five times lower than those currently used in the literature (〉= 100 mM), it is concluded that the reported conflicting results for As leaching from sediments may be a misinterpretation of processes occurring in the sediment and yielding increased As release with increasing HCO(3)(-)/CO(3)(2-) concentration.
    Keywords: Carbonate; Native arsenic; Solubilization ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
    Format: 27
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air–ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid layer, and a liquid phase are highlighted. The reactivity in these different compartments of surface snow is discussed using many experimental studies, simulations, and selected snow models from the molecular to the macro-scale. Although new experimental techniques have extended our knowledge of the surface properties of ice and their impact on some single reactions and processes, others occurring on, at or within snow grains remain unquantified. The presence of liquid or liquid-like compartments either due to the formation of brine or disorder at surfaces of snow crystals below the freezing point may strongly modify reaction rates. Therefore, future experiments should include a detailed characterisation of the surface properties of the ice matrices. A further point that remains largely unresolved is the distribution of impurities between the different domains of the condensed phase inside the snowpack, i.e. in the bulk solid, in liquid at the surface or trapped in confined pockets within or between grains, or at the surface. While surface-sensitive laboratory techniques may in the future help to resolve this point for equilibrium conditions, additional uncertainty for the environmental snowpack may be caused by the highly dynamic nature of the snowpack due to the fast metamorphism occurring under certain environmental conditions. Due to these gaps in knowledge the first snow chemistry models have attempted to reproduce certain processes like the long-term incorporation of volatile compounds in snow and firn or the release of reactive species from the snowpack. Although so far none of the models offers a coupled approach of physical and chemical processes or a detailed representation of the different compartments, they have successfully been used to reproduce some field experiments. A fully coupled snow chemistry and physics model remains to be developed.
    Keywords: air, ice, liquids, quasi-liquids, solids; snow ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 9
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    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 2462-2471, pp. 1046, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Seismology ; Instruments ; Broad-band ; Seismometer ; BSSA
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  • 10
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    In:  DGG-Mitteilungen, Jena, Physica-Verlag, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 11-21, pp. B07307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake ; swarm ; Germany ; Bohemia
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