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  • 1
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    Structure and Energetics of Medium-scale Atmospheric Waves in the Southern Hemisphere Summer (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The NMC analyses were used to study medium-scale waves during three Southern Hemisphere (SH) summers. The SH summer medium-scale waves are observed to exhibit remarkably regular eastward phase progression, and wave maxima can often be traced continuously around the globe. Frequent downstream development of existing wave patterns is observed. The medium-scale waves at times appear to be longitudinally localized features; at other times they resemble truly global-scale models. The time-mean wave structure is found to be consistent with basic-state propagation characteristics and the conservation of wave activity. There is a tendency for background wind structure to restrict wave propagation. From energetics studies it is found that wave-zonal-mean exchange is a valid concept for describing the SH summer circulation, and that the flow vacillated between periods of highly perturbed and zonally symmetric states. The medium-scale waves result from nonlinear baroclinic instabilities, and exhibit a well-defined life cycle of baroclinic growth, maturity, and barotropic decay.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Global Scale Atmospheric Processes Res. Program Review; p 181-186
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  • 2
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    Overview of crew member energy expenditure during Shuttle Flight 61-8 EASE/ACCESS task performance (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The energy expenditure of the Shuttle Flight 61-B crewmembers during the extravehicular performance of Experimental Assembly of Structures in EVA (EASE) and Assembly Concept of Construction of Space Structures (ACCESS) construction system tasks are reported. These data consist of metabolic rate time profiles correlated with specific EASE and ACCESS tasks and crew comments. Average extravehicular activity metabolic rates are computed and compared with those reported from previous Apollo, Shylab, and Shuttle flights. These data reflect total energy expenditure and not that of individual muscle groups such as hand and forearm. When correlated with specific EVA tasks and subtasks, the metabolic profile data is expected to be useful in planning future EVA protocols. For example, after experiencing high work rates and apparent overheating during some Gemini EVAs, it was found useful to carefully monitor work rates in subsequent flights to assess the adequacy of cooling garments and as an aid to preplanning EVA procedures. This presentation is represented by graphs and charts.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. Space Construction; p 228-235
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  • 3
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    The 4-Day Wave as Obvserved from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The 4-day wave is an eastward moving quasi-nondispersive feature with period near 4 days occurring near the winter polar stratopause. This paper presents evidence of the 4-day feature in Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) temperature, geopotential height and ozone data from the late Southern winters of 1992 and 1993.
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  • 4
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    Spectral analyses, climatology, and interannual variability of Nimbus-7 TOMS version 6 total column ozone (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This reference publication presents selected results from space-time spectral analyses of 13 years of version 6 daily global ozone fields from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). One purpose is to illustrate more quantitatively the well-known richness of structure and variation in total ozone. A second purpose is to provide, for use by modelers and for comparison with other analysts' work, quantitative measures of zonal waves 1, 2, 3, and medium-scale waves 4-7 in total ozone. Their variations throughout the year and at a variety of latitudes are presented, from equatorial to polar regions. The 13-year averages are given, along with selected individual years which illustrate year-to-year variability. The largest long wave amplitudes occur in the polar winters and early springs of each hemisphere, and are related to strong wave amplification during major warning events. In low attitudes total ozone wave amplitudes are an order of magnitude smaller than at high latitudes. However, TOMS fields contain a number of equatorial dynamical features, including Rossby-gravity and Kelvin waves.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-RP-1360 , REPT-95B00045 , NAS 1.61:1360
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  • 5
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    Rossby-gravity waves in tropical total ozone data (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Evidence for Rossby-gravity waves in tropical data fields produced by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was recently reported. Similar features are observable in fields of total column ozone from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instrument. The observed features are episodic, have zonal (east-west) wavelengths of 6,000-10,000 km, and oscillate with periods of 5-10 days. In accord with simple linear theory, the modes exhibit westward phase progression and eastward group velocity. The significance of finding Rossby-gravity waves in total ozone fields is that (1) the report of similar features in ECMWF tropical fields is corroborated with an independent data set and (2) the TOMS data set is demonstrated to possess surprising versatility and sensitivity to relatively smaller scale tropical phenomena.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-192983 , NAS 1.26:192983
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  • 6
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    Kelvin waves in total column ozone (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Tropical Kelvin waves have been observed previously in ozone mixing ratio data from the SBUV (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) and LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere) instruments on board the Nimbus-7 satellite. Kelvin wave features in total column ozone, using version 6 data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument (also on board Nimbus-7) are investigated. Results show eastward-propagating zonal waves 1-2 with periods approximately 5-15 days, amplitudes approximately 3-5 DU, and latitudinal symmetry typical of Kelvin waves. A simplified model calculation suggests that the primary source for the perturbations is slow Kelvin waves in the lower-to-middle stratosphere. Maximum Kelvin wave signatures occur in conjunction with westward lower-to-middle stratospheric equatorial zonal winds (a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) wind modulation effect).
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-192984 , NAS 1.26:192984
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Oscillations in D-region absorption at periods of one to two months (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: One to two month oscillations in D-region absorption are found in seven years of daily f-min data from low latitude stations at Singapore (1N, 104E) and Rarotonga (21S, 160W). Coherency (cross-spectral) analyses reveal that solar flux variations account for much of the f-min variance at these periods. Over the range of periods from 10 to 200 days, statistically significant linear correlation is found between the f-min time series and contemporaneous 10.7 cm solar flux mearurements at periods of 16 to 19 days, the 26 to 29 day solar rotation band, and a broad band covering 43 to 80 day periods.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-184684 , NAS 1.26:184684
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  • 8
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    Increase in whole-body peripheral vascular resistance during three hours of air or oxygen prebreathing (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Male and female subjects prebreathed air or 100% oxygen through a mask for 3.0 hours while comfortably reclined. Blood pressures, heart rate, and cardiac output were collected before and after the prebreathe. Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated from these parameters and increased by 29% during oxygen prebreathing and 15% during air prebreathing. The oxygen contributed substantially to the increase in PVR. Diastolic blood pressure increased by 18% during the oxygen prebreathe while stystolic blood pressure showed no change under either procedure. The increase in PVR during air prebreathing was attributed to procedural stress common to air and oxygen prebreathing.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-58261 , S-537 , NAS 1.15:58261
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  • 9
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    Seasonal variation of radiance variances from satellite observations Implication of seasonal variation of available potential energy in the stratosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Nimbus 5 satellite radiances for the period 1973-74 are used to examine the seasonal variation of available potential energy in the stratosphere in order to provide a further observational basis for a long-term numerical simulation of stratospheric circulation. The maximum value of stratospheric zonal available potential energy, A(Z), in the upper and middle stratosphere shows pronounced variations between winter and summer, while little variation occurs in the lower stratospheric A(Z). The aperiodic occurrence of sudden warmings complicates the seasonal variation of A(Z) and A(E) (eddy available potential energy) in the stratosphere, making the energetics irregular. Time-Fourier analysis reveals that the primary variation of A(Z) and A(E) in the stratosphere is annual and semiannual, respectively.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 108; Oct. 198
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  • 10
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    Evidence for wavelike anomalies with short meridional and large zonal scales in the lower stratospheric temperature field (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Global microwave brightness temperature measurements are analyzed to investigate the range of meridional wavelengths 2000-3000 km where spectral studies reveal larger than expected variance. The data, from the TIROS-N Microwave Sounding Unit, are sensitive to lower stratospheric temperatures (30-150 mb). The results reveal striking temperature anomalies with short meridional wavelengths (2000-3000 km) and long zonal wavelengths (zonal wavenumbers 1-4). The anomalies, with amplitudes approximately 1-2 K, extend from the equatorial region to at least as high as 70 deg N and 70 deg S during January 1979. The features exhibit slow eastward movement or else are nearly stationary for several days. In the Northern Hemisphere, comparison with NMC data reveals that the strongest features tend to be associated with major jet streams.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; May 1981
    Format: text
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