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  • 1
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    Educational opportunities within the NASA specialized center of research and training in gravitational biology (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in Gravitational Biology was established at Kansas State University, supported through NASA's Life Science Division, Office of Space Science and Applications. Educational opportunities, associated with each of the research projects which form the nucleus of the Center, are complemented by program enrichments such as scholar exchanges and linkages to other NASA and commercial programs. The focus of this training program, and a preliminary assessment of its successes, are described.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992. A95-60632 (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 8; p. (8)435-(8)438
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  • 2
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    Clover development during spaceflight: A model system (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The development of legume root nodules was studied as a model system for the examination of gravitational effects on plant root development. In order to examine whether rhizobial association with clover roots can be achieved in microgravity, experiments were performed aboard the KC-135 parabolic aircraft and aboard the sounding rocket mission Consort 3. Binding of rhizobia to roots and the initial stages of root nodule development successfully occurred in microgravity. Seedling germination experiments were performed in the sliding block device, the Materials Dispersion Apparatus, aboard STS-37. When significant hydration of the seeds was achieved, normal rates of germination and seedling development were observed.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992. A95-60632 Life scie (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 8; p. (8)173-(8)176
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  • 3
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    Microgravity effects on 'postural' muscle activity patterns (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Changes in neuromuscular activation patterns associated with movements made in microgravity can contribute to muscular atrophy. Using electromyography (EMG) to monitor 'postural' muscles, it was found that free floating arm flexions made in microgravity were not always preceded by neuromuscular activation patterns normally observed during movements made in unit gravity. Additionally, manipulation of foot sensory input during microgravity arm flexion impacted upon anticipatory postural muscle activation.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992. A95-60632 (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 8; p. (8)381-(8)384
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  • 4
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    Formation and vesiculation of biomembranes during spaceflight (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Shuttle flight, sounding rocket flight, and parabolic flight experiments demonstrate the formation of bilayer membrane vesicles (liposomes) in reduced gravity, following the dilution of detergent from detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles. The reduction in detergent concentration initiates assembly of bilayer membrane sheets, which are sensitive to solution disturbances. An increase in disturbances by forced dilution results in small diameter liposomes (less than 150 nm), in both ground and flight samples. In the absence of forced dilution, liposomes remain small at 1-g, but exhibit much larger diameters at 0-g (1000-2000 nm). Our spaceflight data reveal that membrane assembly and vesiculation are strongly influenced by gravity-induced solution disturbances (e.g., convection currents), which limit vesicle diameter.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992. A95-60632 (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 8; p. (8)111-(8)114
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  • 5
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    Production and action of cytokines in space (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: B6MP102 cells, a continuously cultured murine bone marrow macrophage cell line, were tested for secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Interleukin-1 during space flight. We found that B6MP102 cells secreted more tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 when stimulated in space with lipopolysaccharide than controls similarly stimulated on earth. This compared to increased secretion of interferon-beta and -gamma by lymphocytes that was measured on the same shuttle flights. Although space flight enhanced B6MP102 secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an experiment on a subsequent space flight (STS-50) found that cellular cytotoxicity, mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, was inhibited.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992. A95-60632; 14; 8; p. (8)5-(8)9
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  • 6
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    Binding of alpha-fetoprotein by immobilized monoclonal antibodies during episodes of zero-gravity obtained by parabolic flight (1990)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a single-chain polypeptide which is synthesized by the liver and yolk sac of the human fetus, provided a model ligand for assessing the effects of microgravity on ligand binding to surface-immobilized model receptor molecules. Monoclonal antibodies, used as receptors for AFP, were immobilized by covalent attachment to latex microparticles. Zero gravity environment was obtained by parabolic flight aboard NASA 930, a modified KC-135 aircraft. Buring the onset of an episode of zero gravity, ligand and receptor were mixed. Timed incubation (20 s) was terminated by centrifugation, the supernatant removed, and microparticies were assessed for bound AFP by immunochemical methods. The extent of binding was not influenced by microgravity, when compared with 1-G controls, which suggests that aberrant cellular activities observed in microgravity are not the simple expression of altered macromolecular interactions.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 61; 725-728
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  • 7
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    EMG analysis of human postural responses during parabolic flight microgravity episodes (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Anticipatory postural activity in the trunk and legs precedes rapid shoulder flexion in unit gravity. The hypothesis that anticipatory activity is a component of a single neural command for arm movement was tested by monitoring the surface electromyographic activity of the biceps femoris, paraspinals, and deltoid muscles of three subjects during the microgravity phase of parabolic flight. If part of a single command, anticipatory postural activity would be expected to remain intact despite the absence of the body's center of gravity in a reduced gravity environment. However, in at least 75 percent of the microgravity trials anticipatory biceps femoris activity was absent, indicating a separation of postural and agonist muscle activity. Such a finding suggests that anticipatory postural biceps femoris activity may be initiated independently of agonist (deltoid) activity.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 61; 994-998
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  • 8
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    Performance of a blood chemistry analyzer during parabolic flight (1990)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The performance of the Vision System Blood Analyzer during parabolic flight on a KC-135 aircraft (NASA 930) has been tested. This fully automated instrument performed flawlessly in these trials, demonstrating its potential for efficient, reliable use in a microgravity environment. In addition to instrument capability, it is demonstrated that investigators could readily fill specially modified test packs with fluid during zero gravity, and that filled test packs could be easily loaded into VISION during an episode of microgravity.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Space Technology - Industrial and Commercial Applications (ISSN 0892-9270); 10; 3 19
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