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  • 1
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    Hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Europa (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 283; 5410; 2062-4
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  • 2
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    A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Infrared spectral images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, acquired during the October and November 1999 and February 2000 flybys of the Galileo spacecraft, were used to study the thermal structure and sulfur dioxide distribution of active volcanoes. Loki Patera, the solar system's most powerful known volcano, exhibits large expanses of dark, cooling lava on its caldera floor. Prometheus, the site of long-lived plume activity, has two major areas of thermal emission, which support ideas of plume migration. Sulfur dioxide deposits were mapped at local scales and show a more complex relationship to surface colors than previously thought, indicating the presence of other sulfur compounds.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 288; 5469; 1201-4
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  • 3
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    Galileo infrared imaging spectrometry measurements at the Moon (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Imaging spectrometer observations were made of the surface of the Moon during the December 1990 flyby of the Earth-Moon system by the Galileo spacecraft. This article documents this data set and presents analyses of some of the data. The near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation obtained 17 separate mosaics of the Moon in 408 spectral channels between about 0.7 and 5.2 micrometers. The instrument was originally designed to operate in orbit about Jupiter and therefore saturates at many spectral channels for most measurement situations at 1 AU. However, sufficient measurements were made of the Moon to verify the proper operation of the instrument and to demonstrate its capabilities. Analysis of these data show that the NIMS worked as expected and produced measurements consistent with previous ground-based telescopic studies. These are the first imaging spectrometer measurements of this type from space for the Moon, and they illustrate several major points concerning this type of observation and about the NIMS capabilities specifically. Of major importance are the difference between framing and scanning instruments and the effects of the spacecraft and the scan platform on the performance of such and experiment. The science return of subsequent NIMS and other investigation measurements will be significantly enhanced by the experience and results gained.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; E3; p. 5,587-5,600
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  • 4
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    Earth global mosaic observations with NIMS-Galileo (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During the Earth-1 Galileo flyby (December 1990), the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) experiment investigated the illuminated side of the Earth in the spectral range 0.7-5.2 micrometers. Mosaics of the entire terrestrial globe were recorded with a spatial resolution ranging from 100 to 500 km. From these spectra, information is retrieved upon the large-scale temperature structure in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere (0-70 km altitude range) from the inversion of the CO2 bands at 4.3 and 4.8 micrometers. These data also permit monitoring of the cloud temperatures, and derivation of the abundances of several minor atmospheric constituents (H2O, CO, N2O, CH4 and O3). These observations constitute a continuation of the study of the atmospheres of the three planets (i.e. Venus, the Earth and Jupiter) targeted by the Galileo spacecraft during its mission. Observing these atmospheres with the NIMS instrument in the near-infrared will provide a unique data set, useful for comparative planetary studies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 41; 7; p. 551-561
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  • 5
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    Possibilities of Using MARSES Instrument for Long-Term Monitoring and Subsurface Studies in Arctic and Arid Lands (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The Mars Electromagnetic Sounding Experiment (MARSES) is the sounding instrument developed of searching for groundwater, water-ice or permafrost layers existing in some depth under the visible surface in the dry lands of Mars. One of the more important challenges facing natural resource managers today is how to identify, measure and monitoring the cumulative impacts of land use decisions across space and time. The secondary task is to measure the soil properties of Martian subsurface, which includes porosity, electrical resistance of the liquid phase, thermal conductivity, temperature dependence. A main task of the MARSES monitoring system is to examine changes in the subsurface properties of local areas regolith on the Martian surface on the base of the database of various soil slices in terrestrial conditions. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration; 139; LPI-Contrib-1057
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  • 6
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    Io Science Opportunities with JIMO: Observing in the Infrared (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter presents an opportunity to greatly improve our understanding of the most dynamic body in the solar system. Io is the best place to study tidal heating of the Galilean moons, provides unique insights into Earth history and is a unique laboratory for basic planetary physics. Many important questions about Io remain after Galileo that cannot be addressed from Earth or Earth orbit, but could be answered by limited observing time from JIMO with the appropriate instrumentation. Here we outline the requirements in the infrared.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Forum on Concepts and Approaches for Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter; 77; LPI-Contrib-1163
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  • 7
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    Size-Dependent Scattering Properties of Planetary Regolith Analogs (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Particles in a planetary regolith can be treated as independent scatterers when their size is large compared with the wavelength of light. The nature of this scattering, however, is poorly understood as the particle size approaches and becomes smaller than the wavelength. In order to understand this interaction better, the reflectances of well-sorted particulate samples of known composition were measured. This reflectance data was then analyzed to determine how scattering properties change with particle size.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Solar System Remote Sensing; 61-62; LPI-Contrib-1129
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  • 8
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    Spectral geometric albedo and bolometric Bond albedo of Neptune's satellite Triton from Voyager observations (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The spectral geometric albedo and the bolometric Bond albedo of Triton are calculated using data from the Voyager spacecraft photopolarimeter and science experiments. The geometric albedo is not inconsistent with the presence of a weak absorption feature in Triton's spectrum near 0.75 micron. The bolometric Bond albedo (0.65) is consistent with the 38 K daytime surface temperature of Triton. The results are also in agreement with the 37.5 K temperature of nitrogen at an infrared basal pressure of 14 microbar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1761-176
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  • 9
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    Sulfur Oxygen Processes on Io (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: The presence of allotropic sulfur as a possible major constituent of Io's surface and the properties of sulfur in combination with various sulfur-oxygen compounds believed to be present on Io's surface and in its atmosphere are studied by a series of laboratory experiments.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 20-22
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  • 10
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    Spectral reflectance of solid sulfur trioxide (0.25-5.2 micron) - Implications for Jupiter's satellite Io (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Laboratory data on the UV and near-IR spectra of SO3 are compared with spectra obtained for the Jovian moon Io by the Voyager and IUE satellites. The experimental data were taken at wavelengths from 0.25 micron to nearly 6 microns, although only order-of-magnitude estimates could be made of the associated particle sizes. Tests were also performed to identify the spectral characteristics with succeedingly lower concentrations of SO3 relative to SO2, which is apparently abundant on the Io surface. No evidence was found for the presence of solid SO3 in the spectra of Io down to projected concentrations lower than 1 percent. The findings are considered surprising since it is known that particle bombardment will cause SO3 to form in SO2 concentrations. It is expected that SO3 will be detected by the IR mapping instrument to be carried by the Galileo spacecraft.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 66; 181-187
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